River valleys are prominent features of the martian surface. Exploring the properties correlated to the spatial pattern of the river density serves an essential role in understanding the water history on Mars. However, there is considerable debate regarding the properties related to the distribution of river density. We propose that these discussions arise from the complex interactions and the spatial heterogeneity of multiple properties. In our study, we employed the geodetector to examine the spatial correlation between the river density and multiple geographical properties including landform conditions, hydrous mineral, sedimentary fans, deltas, and lakes. Our findings reveal that the most correlated properties on river density vary by regions. And the explanatory power of an individual property was often enhanced in a nonlinear way when interacting with other properties. We hypothesize that the impact events were a major process responsible for global-scale fluvial valley formation on Mars. Furthermore, the local mechanisms of fluvial formation vary by region, reflecting regional differences in geomorphic, geological, and environmental conditions. The geodetector method provides new insights into exploring the controlling properties of the geographical processes on martian surface.