Fluoroamines Research Articles

Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Fluoro Amines via β-Amino α-Fluoro Nitroalkanes and a Traceless Activating Group Strategy.

Preparation of a range of enantioenriched β-fluoro amines (α,β-disubstituted) is described in which the nitrogen and fluorine atoms are attached to sp3-hybridized carbons. The key finding is a chiral bifunctional Brønsted acid/base catalyst that can deliver β-amino-α-fluoro nitroalkanes with high enantio- and diastereoselection. A denitration step renders the nitro group "traceless" and delivers secondary, tertiary, or vinyl alkyl fluorides embedded within a vicinal fluoro amine functional group. A synthesis of each possible stereoisomer of a β-fluoro lanicemine illustrates the potential ease with which fluorinated small molecules relevant to neuroscience drug development can be prepared in a stereochemically comprehensive manner.

Re-evaluation of the bond length-bond strength rule: The stronger bond is not always the shorter bond.

A set of 42 molecules with N-F, O-F, N-Cl, P-F, and As-F bonds has been investigated in the search for potential bond anomalies, which lead to reverse bond length-bond strength (BLBS) relationships. The intrinsic strength of each bond investigated has been determined by the local stretching force constant obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. N-F or O-F bond anomalies were found for fluoro amine radicals, fluoro amines, and fluoro oxides, respectively. A rationale for the deviation from the normal Badger-type inverse BLBS relation is given and it is shown that electron withdrawal accompanied by strong orbital contraction and bond shortening is one of the prerequisites for a bond anomaly. In the case of short electron-rich bonds such as N-F or O-F, anomeric delocalization of lone pair electrons in connection with lone pair repulsion are decisive whether a bond anomaly can be observed. This is quantitatively assessed with the help of the CCSD(T) local stretching force constants, CCSD(T) charge distributions, and G4 bond dissociation energies. Bond anomalies are not found for fluoro phosphines and fluoro arsines because the bond weakening effects are no longer decisive.

Hidden Bond Anomalies: The Peculiar Case of the Fluorinated Amine Chalcogenides.

Bond anomalies have been investigated for a set of 53 molecules with either N-F, Ti-P, Cr-H, Pb-C, or Pb-F bonds for which reverse rather than inverse bond length-bond strength relationships have been previously claimed. The intrinsic strength of each bond investigated was determined utilizing the associated local stretching force constant obtained at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. For the metal containing molecules, LC-ωPBE calculations with the aug-cc-pVTZ (Cr, Pb) and the 6-31++G(d,p) basis set (Ti) were carried out. For bonds containing a metal atom, any bond anomaly could not be confirmed. Previously reported results were due to ill-defined bond strength descriptors or lacking accuracy. In the case of the fluoro amines, methyl fluoro amines, and the fluoro amine oxides, direct or hidden bond anomalies were detected, which result from two or more opposing electronic effects: a dominant bond shortening effect due to electron withdrawal and a bond weakening due to lone pair repulsion or hybridization defects. Bond anomalies can be disguised by a complex interplay of electronic effects. These hidden bond anomalies could be identified in this work for the fluoro amine chalcogenides.

Scaffold-directed and traceless synthesis of tricyclic quinoxalinone imidazoles under microwave irradiation

Traceless synthesis of 2-aminoimidazoquinoxalinones has been performed on soluble polymer support under open-vessel microwave dielectric heating. The reaction progression is monitored directly by the conventional proton NMR which indicated no release of the substrate from the support. Fmoc-deprotected amino acid polymer conjugates react with 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitro benzene to yield polymer bound dinitro fluoro amines, which are further substituted by various primary amines to yield PEG-immobilized dinitrodiamines. Simultaneous reduction of aromatic meta-dinitro group leads to the traceless release of 2-quinoxalinones, followed by N-hetero cyclization with various isothiocyanates in the presence of mercury(II)chloride to furnish 2-aminoimidazoquinolinone rings with three points of diversity at rapid pace.

The synthesis and characterization of [18F]‐labeled fluoroamines

The synthesis and characterization of [18F]‐labeled fluoroamines

Preparation of fluoro amines by the reaction of aziridines with hydrogen fluoride in pyridine solution

Preparation of fluoro amines by the reaction of aziridines with hydrogen fluoride in pyridine solution