ABSTRACT Zirconium-activated carbon nanocomposites (ZANC) are found to have high fluoride removal capacity and thus used as an adsorbent to perform column studies. The adsorbent was characterised using SEM-EDS and FTIR before and after the adsorption of fluoride. A packed bed adsorber prototype of 1 m length was fabricated to carry out defluoridation studies. The effect of varying initial fluoride concentration (2.5–10 ppm) and bed height (6–14 cm) was studied. The maximum fluoride removal was found to be 29.4% and uptake capacity was 4.72 mg/g at an initial fluoride concentration of 10 ppm, flow rate of 2 LPM, and bed height of 14 cm for synthetic samples. The Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) models were employed and their results confirmed the experimental findings. The maximum fluoride adsorption capacities obtained from the Thomas model are 1.9 mg/g and from the BDST model, the N value was 20.979 mg/cm3. Regeneration studies were performed and found that the adsorbent can be regenerated for three cycles. Column studies were also performed using real-field groundwater samples collected from Pavagada of Tumakuru district. All the tested parameters of the treated water were found to be within the permissible limit.