Fluoride-containing Restorative Materials Research Articles

Fluoride Release of Several Types of Fluoride-Containing Restorative Materials According to Fluoride Concentration in Toothpaste

This study was conducted to investigate the fluoride release of fluoride-containing restorative materials in fluoride recharging according to the concentration of fluoride toothpaste used in Korea.<br/>Samples of glass ionomer cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement, alkasite restorative material, and composite resin were prepared and fluoride release was measured on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28. Thereafter, fluoride-free, 500 ppm, and 1450 ppm fluoride toothpaste was applied to each restorative materials, and the fluoride release was measured on days 1, 3, 7.<br/>Glass ionomer cement showed the highest cumulative fluoride release until the 7th day of measurement, and from the 14th day onwards, the resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed the highest cumulative fluoride release, but there was no significant difference.<br/>When restorative material groups were recharged with 500 ppm of fluoride toothpaste, the fluoride release was significantly higher only for the alkasite restorative material compared to the fluoride-free toothpaste group (<i>p</i> < 0.017). When restorative material groups were recharged with 1450 ppm of fluoride toothpaste, the fluoride release was significantly higher in all restorative groups compared to the fluoride-free toothpaste group (<i>p</i> < 0.017).

Selection of preventive dental materials for children with special needs

Problems: Children with special needs often have problems in their oral health, including caries and periodontal disease. Selec-tion of good preventive dentistry materials as a whole can reduce the risk of caries and periodontal disease as well as improve the level of dental and oral health. Objectives: To describe several preventive dentistry materials that can be used in children with special needs as a protection and prevention material for their teeth and mouth. Conclusion: The selection of the right pre-ventive dentistry materials can improve the dental health status of children with special needs. These materials can be toothpaste, fluoride topical and fluoride-containing restorative materials such as glass ionomer cement.

Fluoride Release and Recharge Properties of Several Fluoride-Containing Restorative Materials

The aim of the study is to compare the fluoride release and recharge properties of glass ionomer cements and ‘alkasite’.<br/>Specimens of two glass ionomer cements (Fuji Ⅸ GP and Riva Self Cure), ‘alkasite’ restorative material (Cention N) and composite resin (Filtek<sup>TM</sup> Z350XT) were prepared. The fluoride release of each specimen was measured for 28 days. Thereafter, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was applied to experimental groups. No treatment was performed on control groups. The fluoride release was measured for additional 7 days to evaluate the fluoride recharge properties of each materials.<br/>The fluoride release was highest in Riva Self Cure, followed by Fuji Ⅸ GP, Cention N (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fluoride release of Cention N was measured to be approximately 49% of Fuji Ⅸ GP’s. After the application of 1.23% APF gel, increases in fluoride release were observed in Riva Self Cure, Fuji Ⅸ GP and Cention N (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fluoride recharge was observed in Cention N as well as in glass ionomer cements. Further studies are required to evaluate the anti-cariogenic properties of Cention N at clinical conditions.

Fluoride Release and Recharge of Glass Ionomer Cements

Dentistry has grown a long way from treating conditions to preventing them. Dental caries is one such condition where preventive measures have been adopted to a greater extent. The fluoride anticariogenic action is greatly related to inhibition of demineralization and remineralization of incipient carious lesions. Reports have shown that fluoride released from fluoride-containing restorative materials effectively protected the enamel from demineralization in the region near to the restorative materials.

Susceptibility of restorations and adjacent enamel/dentine to erosion under different salivary flow conditions

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of erosion on direct tooth-coloured restorations and adjacent enamel/dentine under low and normal simulated salivary flow rates. MethodsBovine enamel and dentine specimens were prepared (n=16) and restored with the following materials: resin composite (FiltekZ250), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Fuji II LC), high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX), and conventional glass ionomer cement (Fuji II). They were submitted to in vitro erosion–remineralisation cycling simulating normal (0.5ml/min) and low (0.05ml/min) salivary flow rates, for 5 days. The restorative material, enamel and dentine substrates were assessed with optical profilometry for surface loss. Mixed-model ANOVAs were used for statistical comparisons (alpha=0.05). ResultsLow-salivary flow significantly increased surface loss for all tested substrates (p<0.05), except FiltekZ250. Surface loss (mean±SD, in micrometres) under low-salivary flow was significantly higher in enamel (19.75±4.27) and dentine (23.08±3.48) adjacent to FiltekZ250 compared to Fuji II LC (16.33±2.30 and 20.47±2.58, respectively) and Fuji IX (15.79±2.41 and 20.63±2.34, respectively). Restoration surface degradation was significantly lower for Fuji II LC (2.17±0.73) than for both Fuji II (13.03±6.79), and Fuji IX (16.74±7.72) under low-salivary flow condition; whereas FiltekZ250 exhibited no meaningful surface loss (−0.35±0.19). ConclusionLimited to these in vitro conditions, low-salivary flow promoted higher erosive conditions for teeth and restorations. Some fluoride-containing restorative materials may reduce erosive wear on adjacent enamel and dentine. FiltekZ250 resisted erosive surface loss. Fuji II LC showed both reduced acid degradation and protection of adjacent dental surfaces to erosion. Clinical significancePatients at risk for erosion and in need of restorations may benefit from fluoride-containing restorative materials that resist erosive degradation. The data of this study suggest that resin-modified glass ionomer may be a suitable restoration for patients at higher risk of erosion with low exposure to fluoride.

Effect of Fluoride-containing Restorative Materials on Dentin Adhesion and Demineralization of Hard Tissues Adjacent to Restorations.

This study evaluated (1) the dentin bond strength of fluoridated restorative systems following aging and (2) the enamel/dentin microhardness around restorations after a pH-cycling regimen. Sixty-four human third molars and four restorative systems were used. A resin-modified glass ionomer (GC Fuji II LC) was used as a fluoride-containing material in the positive control group, while Adper Easy Bond adhesive and Filtek Z350 XT composite resin, which are not fluoridated, were used together in the negative control group. Beautifil II composite resin and FL-Bond II adhesive, both fluoride-containing materials, were compared to Bond Force and Estelite Sigma Quick restorative system, which only contain fluoride in the adhesive. For dentin bond strengths, specimens of each material were fabricated for two test groups (n=8): group 1: tested after 24 h; group 2: tested after 1 year of storage in artificial saliva. Both groups were tested using a microtensile method. For the cross-sectional microhardness test, standardized Class V cavities were prepared and filled with the different restorative systems. After experiencing repeated thermocycling and being subjected to pH-cycling, the teeth were sectioned. The microhardness was measured in enamel and dentin at 50 μm from the cavity wall and at six depths in relation to the surface subjected to pH cycling. None of the restorative systems showed decreased bond strength after storage for one year in artificial saliva. No significant differences in microhardness were observed among the restorative materials on enamel and dentin. All the restorative systems evaluated presented stable bond strength after one year of storage. The pH cycling caused a reduction in the superficial enamel microhardness close to the cavity wall. In dentin, the demineralization affected the superficial and sub-surface areas.

Retraction: Fluoride release and recharge abilities of contemporary fluoride-containing restorative materials and dental adhesives.

Retraction: Fluoride release and recharge abilities of contemporary fluoride-containing restorative materials and dental adhesives.

Fluoride release and recharge abilities of contemporary fluoride-containing restorative materials and dental adhesives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride release of five fluoride-releasing restorative materials and three dental adhesives, before and after NaF solution treatment. Five restorative materials (Fuji IX GP, GC Corp.; Ketac N100, 3M ESPE; Dyract Extra, Dentsply; Beautifil II, Shofu Inc.; Wave, SDI) and three dental adhesives (Stae, SDI; Fluorobond II - Shofu Inc.; Prime & Bond NT, Dentsply) were investigated before and after NaF solution treatment. A fluoride ion-selective electrode was to measure fluoride concentrations. During the 86-day period before NaF solution treatment, Fuji IX GP released the highest amount of fluoride among the restorative materials while Prime & Bond NT was the highest among the dental adhesives. After NaF solution treatment, Fuji IX GP again ranked the highest in fluoride release among the restorative materials while Fluorobond II ranked the highest among dental adhesives. It was concluded that the compositions and setting mechanisms of fluoride-containing dental materials influenced their fluoride release and recharge abilities.

Cariostatic effect of fluoride-containing restorative materials associated with fluoride gels on root dentin

Secondary caries is still the main cause of restoration replacement, especially on the root surfaceObjectiveThis in vitro study evaluated the cariostatic effects of fluoride-containing restorative materials associated with fluoride gels, on root dentin.Materials and MethodsA randomized complete block design was used to test the effects of the restorative systems, fluoride regimes and the interactions among them at different distances from restoration margins. Standardized cavities were prepared on 240 bovine root specimens and randomly assigned to 15 groups of treatments (n=16). Cavities were filled with the following restorative materials: Ketac-Fil (3M-ESPE); Vitremer (3M-ESPE); Dyract/Prime & Bond NT (Dentsply); Charisma/Gluma One Bond (Heraeus Kulzer) and the control, Z250/Single Bond (3M-ESPE). The specimens were subjected to a pH-cycling model designed to simulate highcaries activity. During the cycles, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride, 2.0% neutral sodium fluoride or deionized/distilled water (control) was applied to the specimens for 4 min. The surface Knoop microhardness test was performed before (KHNi) and after (KHNf) the pH cycles at 100, 200 and 300 mm from the margins. Dentin microhardness loss was represented by the difference in initial and final values (KHNi - KHNf). Data were analyzed by Friedman's and Wilcoxon's tests, ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=5%).ResultsThe interaction of restorative systems and topical treatments was not significant (p=0.102). Dentin microhardness loss was lowest closer to the restoration. Ketac-fil presented the highest cariostatic effect. Vitremer presented a moderate effect, while Dyract and Charisma did not differ from the control, Z250. The effects of neutral and acidulated fluoride gels were similar to each other and higher than the control.ConclusionConventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements as well as neutral and acidulated fluoride gels inhibit the progression of artificial caries adjacent to restorations. The associated effect of fluoride-containing restorative materials and gels could not be demonstrated.

Do Your Fillings Really Release Fluoride?

Fluoride-containing restorative materials. FM Burke, NJ Ray and RJ McConnell. International Dental Journal 2006; 56:33-43.

Evaluation of polymerization in fluoride-containing composite resins

Fluoride-containing restorative materials are frequently utilized to delay or inhibit caries. The quality of the fluoride-containing composite resins was evaluated by testing their microhardness, polymerization shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient, and surface morphology. Some of them were evaluated in conjunction with the thermocycling process. The microhardness values of the thermocycled specimens were similar to those of the specimens immersed only in distilled water. Among the specimens, Surefil showed the highest (68.6 +/- 1.2 Hv) value. A linear correlation was found between microhardness and the filler content (vol%) of the specimens regardless of their states. Polymerization shrinkage rapidly increased during the light curing, and then it reached a plateau. The shrinkage values increased as the specimens became thicker. In a temperature range of 30 approximately 80 degrees C, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the control specimens ranged between 43 x 10(-6)/ degrees C and 77 x 10(-6)/ degrees C. An inverse correlations were observed between the filler content (vol%) and the coefficient of thermal expansion and between microhardness and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the control specimens. Tetric Ceram showed a perforated or "Swiss-cheese" morphology after thermocycling. It was unique and occurred only in this product.

Effect of Acetic NaF Solutions on Fluoride-containing Dental Restorative Materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acetic NaF solutions on fluoride-containing restorative materials. As the pH value of solution decreased, the degree of microhardness change in restorative materials increased- regardless of product. Dyract AP (DA) and F2000 (F2) (polyacid-modified resin composites) showed the greatest decrease in microhardness after immersion for three days. Similarly, as the pH value decreased, volumetric weight change (loss) increased in all products. DA and F2 showed the greatest--but similar-weight change in pH 3.5 solution among the products. In terms of color change, most specimens showed a slight color change after immersion for one and three days-regardless of pH value. However, F2 in pH 3.5 solution showed a noticeable color change (deltaE*=2.1). In terms of surface morphology, specimens in distilled water showed only minor surface modification. However, in pH 3.5 solution, DA and F2 showed randomly propagating cracks, while Solitaire 2 and Tetric Ceram (resin composites) lost many fillers less than 2 microm in size.

Fluoride-containing restorative materials

Dental practitioners are exposed to an increasing number of dental materials, which claim the benefits of fluoride release. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the literature of these materials. Glass ionomers, resin modified glass ionomers, compomers, resin composites, fissure sealants and amalgam are discussed. It is clear that a long-term measurable release of fluoride can be observed from certain restorative materials, in vitro, particularly glass ionomer cement, resin modified glass ionomer cement, fluoridated cements, fluoridated dental amalgam and certain fissure sealants. In general, the rate of fluoride release is not constant but exhibits a relatively rapid initial rate, which decreases with time. However, the fluoride release profiles may be dependent on specific formulation and on experimental design and sampling methods. These materials may feature greater longevity, a reduced incidence of marginal failure, an elevated concentration of fluoride in contingent plaque, together with an antibacterial action when compared with non-fluoride releasing materials. In addition, fluoride-releasing materials may perform better in caries inhibition in artificial caries model studies than non-fluoridated materials. While any, or all, of these anti-cariogenic effects may be associated with fluoride release, a direct relationship between fluoride release profiles and such effects has not been determined in vivo.

A continuous flow system for assessing fluoride release/uptake of fluoride-containing restorative materials

Objectives. The aim of this study was to develop a continuous flow system to mimic the kinetics of salivary flow in the mouth and to study the fluoride (F) release/uptake characteristics of both a conventional (Fuji IX) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Vitremer) in such system. Methods. Five discs were made for each material. The disc was suspended in a drip chamber sustaining 2 ml of deionized water. The flow rate was controlled at 20 ml/h by an infusion pump. The F release in the drip chamber was assessed at designated time points for up to 6 days. The discs were subjected to 1 min exposures of 0.2% sodium fluoride (NaF); the F re-release was assessed for another 12 h. Results. Following a brief initial burst of F release, the rate decreased rapidly. Vitremer reached a steady low after 8 h, while Fuji IX reached a steady low after 90 min. Cumulative F release was measured from both the effluence and the drip chamber and showed that Vitremer released and took up more F than Fuji IX, both before and after F treatment. Cumulative amounts of fluoride in the drip chamber were much less than that in the effluence. The daily release rate patterns from the two materials were parallel. However, the hourly release rate of Vitremer decreased more gradually than Fuji IX. After sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment, F can be recharged easily and re-released rapidly within 90 min. Conclusion. This study indicates that the continuous flow method can be used to assess F release/uptake of the material. This method may represent a closer model to in vivo conditions.

Influence of microhardness and fluoride content of tooth structure by fluoride-containing restorative materials

The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness and the fluoride content of enamel and dentin around fluoride- or non fluoride-containing restorations. Forty extracted human teeth were used and prepared cervical cavities on proximal surface. Experimental teeth were divided into five groups . Group 1 : Prime & Bond NT and Z100, Group 2 Prime & Bond NT and F2000, Group 3 : Scotchbond Multi-purpose and Z100, Group 4 : Scothcbond Multi-purpose and F2000, Group 5 : Fuji II LC. The cavities were filled with dentin adhesives and restorative materials. After each tooth was bisected, one half was tested microharaness and the other half was analyzed the fluoride at the enamel and dentin by an EPMA-WDX device. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistical difference among the microhardness of enamel surface in all group. 2. The microhardness at dentin of point in Group 2 and point in Grocup 4 was lower than that of normal dentin (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistical difference among the fluoride content of enamel surface in all group. 4. The fluoride content at the dentin of point in Group 2 and 5 were higher than those at point in Group 2 and normal dentin (p point, Group 2 showed higher fluoride content than Group 1 and 3, and Group 5 showed higher fluoride content than other groups.

フッ化物を含む修復材料によるハイドロキシアパタイトのフッ化物化

フッ化物を含む修復材料によるハイドロキシアパタイトのフッ化物化