Fluorescent Display Devices Research Articles

Research on structure and optical properties of Tm3+-Tb3+ doped borate glass

In this paper, a series of B2O3–Al2O3–ZnO–BaO–Tm2O3–Tb2O3 glasses were synthesized by high temperature melting method. Under appropriate ultraviolet excitation, Tm3+ ions produce 1D2→3F4 energy level transition and emit blue light. The concentration quenching point is 0.75 % mol, and the color saturation is high. Tb3+ ions produce 5D4→7F5 energy level transition and emit green light, and the concentration quenching point of Tb3+ ions is 0.75 % mol. By characterizing the fluorescence lifetime and luminescence intensity of B2O3–Al2O3–ZnO–BaO–Tm2O3–Tb2O3 glass, the existence of Tm3+→Tb3+ energy transfer in the glass was verified, and the energy transfer efficiency and energy transfer mechanism were studied in detail. It is found that B2O3–Al2O3–ZnO–BaO–Tm2O3–Tb2O3 glass is an ideal material for light-emitting diodes, light-emitting materials and fluorescent display devices.

Study on energy transfer mechanism and optical properties of LiLaSiO4: Dy3+, Tb3+ phosphors with excellent thermal stability and color tunability

In this paper, a variety of color-tunable LiLaSiO4: xDy3+, yTb3+ phosphors were manufactured by high temperature solid phase method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Photoluminescence (PL) were used to characterize the phase, luminescence properties and thermal stability of the samples. In LiLaSiO4: Dy3+ phosphors, the best doping concentration is x = 0.03, corresponding to the pale yellow emission band. In LiLaSiO4: Dy3+, yTb3+ (y = 0–0.06) phosphors, energy transfer can be verified and the energy transfer mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition, by adjusting the concentration ratio of Dy3+/Tb3+ in LiLaSiO4 phosphors, the color tuning from pale yellow to green was realized. Finally, we also study its thermal stability, the activation energy (ΔE) is −0.1483 eV. Current research shows that Dy3+, Tb3+ co-doped LiLaSiO4 phosphors have wide application potential in fluorescent display devices.

Original KGd2F7 nanocrystals in fluoro-oxide glass ceramics by Dy3+/Sm3+ co-doped for white light emission

Serial fluoro-oxide glass ceramics (GCs) containing 0.6 mol% Dy 3+ and various Sm 3+ from 0 mol% to 1.5 mol% co-doped novel KGd 2 F 7 nanocrystals were firstly fabricated through high temperature melt-quenching method. Then the microscopic structure of the GCs was revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the rare-earth ions (RE 3+ ) of Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ were successfully doped in monoclinic-phase KGd 2 F 7 nanocrystals, which can be verified by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mappings. The photoluminescence spectra of the GCs were probed systematically utilizing 365 nm excitation light. The yellow (573 nm), green (486 nm), and red (648 nm) multiple emissions were observed in the co-doped GCs, and the intensity of red became stronger because of the higher Sm 3+ doping concentrations. This contribution of multiple emissions is due to the co-absorption of both Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ for 365 nm and the presence of energy transfer (ET). Moreover, the ET between Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ was confirmed from the variations of emission spectra and measured decay curves of emissions. Furthermore, the maximum energy transfer efficiency (ETE) from Dy 3+ to Sm 3+ can reach ~60.34% and the internal quantum yield (QY) is computed to be around 31.82% upon excitation of 365 nm. The chromaticity coordinates (CIE (Commission Internationale de L′Eclairage)− 1931) of the GCs can be tuned effectively through changing activator concentrations. Ideal white light emission is at the CIE (0.3357, 0.3342), which was achieved for 0.6 mol% Dy 3+ /0.9 mol% Sm 3+ doped GCs sample. The results indicated that Dy 3+ /Sm 3+ co-doped GCs with both high thermal and chemical-physical stabilities have strong potential application in white light-emitting diodes and fluorescent display devices. • The Dy 3+ /Sm 3+ co-doped fluoro-oxide glass ceramics containing novel KGd 2 F 7 nanocrystals were firstly fabricated. • The Dy 3+ and Sm 3+ ions were successfully doped in monoclinic-phase KGd 2 F 7 nanocrystals. • The standard white light emission was obtained by changing the concentration of Sm 3+ . • The energy transfer process from the Dy 3+ to Sm 3+ has been verified to dipole-dipole interaction mechanism. • The fluoro-oxide glass ceramics containing KGd 2 F 7 nanocrystals exhibit high thermal stability.

Multiple hydrogen-bonded cross-linked photo-responsive liquid crystal elastomers with photo-responsive fluorescence

Luminescent liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) have wide application prospect in fluorescent soft actuators and dynamic display devices. α-Cyanostilbene shows a rigid rod structure, aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) characteristic and photo-induced trans-cis isomerization, which can be used as multifunctional building block to prepare stimulus responsive luminescent LCEs. In this paper, a series of physically cross-linked luminescent LCEs showing photo-induced deformation behavior and photo-responsive fluorescence are obtained (named as LCE-M(x)-L(y), x and y denote the feed mole fraction of M6PVPC10 and ME6UPy respectively, x + y = 1, y = 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10, 0.12). The photo-induced deformation, luminescent property, and the intrinsic relationship between the luminescent behavior and the photo-induced bending behavior of LCEs were studied in particular. Under the irradiation of 365 nm ultraviolet light, the prepared uniaxially oriented LCEs bent toward the direction of light. The deformation rate, the maximum bending angle of polymers are sensitive to crosslinking agent content, and increase with increasing crosslinking agent content. All the prepared LCEs also behave AIEE characteristic and can emit strong fluorescence in solid state. Meanwhile, LCE-M(x)-L(y) presents stimuli-sensitive fluorescence, and the emission intensity decreases with increasing of 365 nm UV light irradiation time. The emission intensity variation with 365 nm UV irradiation is proved to be related to the photo-induced deformation, which can be used to monitor the deformation of LCEs.

Photoluminescence properties of Tm3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ tri-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal with high thermal stability for white light-emitting diodes

A novel Tm3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ tri-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal was synthesized by a modified Bridgman method for the propose of white light emitting diodes. The fluorescence spectra of various Sm3+ ion concentrations and fixed 0.4 mol% Tm3+ and 0.5 mol% Tb3+ were measured and studied systematically excited by near-ultraviolet light of 355 nm. The Sm3+ ion concentration takes apparent effect on the relative intensity of peaks in the visible region and the color coordinate combining from these emission bands. A near pure white light emission with color coordinates (0.3295, 0.3057) and color temperature (5657 K) can be obtained when the concentrations of Tm3+, Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions are 0.4 mol%, 0.5 mol% and 0.8 mol%, respectively. Furthermore, the practical down-conversion internal quantum yield was measured by integrating spheres at about 14.39%. The tri-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal shows a high thermal stability inferring from the temperature dependent emission in which the integrated emission intensities are reduced only by ∼3% with the increase of temperature from 280 to 450 K. The present results demonstrate that the Tm3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ tri-doped Na5Y9F32 single crystal may provide a promising candidate for white light-emitting diodes, luminescent materials and fluorescent display devices.

Temperature-Dependent and Threshold Behavior of Sm3+ Ions on Fluorescence Properties of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals.

Temperature-dependent and threshold behavior of Sm3+ ions on fluorescence properties of lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) single crystals were systematically investigated. The test materials, congruent LiNbO3 single crystals (Sm:LN), with various concentrations of doped Sm3+ ions from 0.2 to 2.0 mol.%, were grown using the Czochralski technique. Absorption spectra were obtained at room temperature, and photoluminescence spectra were measured at various temperatures in the range from 73 K to 423 K. Judd–Ofelt theory was applied to calculate the intensity parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) for 1.0 mol.% Sm3+-doped LiNbO3, as well as the radiative transition rate, Ar, branching ratio, β, and radiative lifetime, τr, of the fluorescent 4G5/2 level. Under 409 nm laser excitation, the photoluminescence spectra of the visible fluorescence of Sm3+ mainly contains 568, 610, and 651 nm emission spectra, corresponding to the energy level transitions of 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, and 4G5/2→6H9/2, respectively. The concentration of Sm3+ ions has great impact on the fluorescence intensity. The luminescence intensity of Sm (1.0 mol.%):LN is about ten times as against Sm (0.2 mol.%):LN at 610 nm. The intensity of the fluorescence spectra were found to be highly depend on temperature, as well as the concentration of Sm3+ ions in LiNbO3 single crystals, as predicted; however, the lifetime changed little with the temperature, indicating that the temperature has little effect on it, in Sm:LN single crystals. Sm:LN single crystals, with orange-red emission spectra, can be used as the active material in new light sources, fluorescent display devices, UV-sensors, and visible lasers.

Graphene-Quantum Dot Hybrid Optoelectronics at Visible Wavelengths

With exceptional electronic and gate-tunable optical properties, graphene provides new possibilities for active nanophotonic devices. Requirements of very large carrier density modulation, however, limit the operation of graphene based optical devices in the visible spectrum. Here, we report a unique approach that avoids these limitations and implements graphene into optoelectronic devices working in the visible spectrum. The approach relies on controlling nonradiative energy transfer between colloidal quantum-dots and graphene through gate-voltage induced tuning of the charge density of graphene. We demonstrate a new class of large area optoelectronic devices including fluorescent display and voltage-controlled color-variable devices working in the visible spectrum. We anticipate that the presented technique could provide new practical routes for active control of light–matter interaction at the nanometer scale, which could find new implications ranging from display technologies to quantum optics.

Concentration dependent spectroscopic behavior of Sm3+-doped sodium fluoro-phosphates glasses for orange and reddish-orange light emitting applications

Sodium fluoro-phosphate (NNS) glasses doped with different concentrations of Sm3+ ions have been prepared using conventional melt quenching technique and characterised for their lasing potentialities using spectroscopic techniques such as Raman, optical absorption, emission and emission decay measurements. The structures of glasses were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy to understand their dependence of structure on composition. Absorption spectrum from near infrared to visible was obtained and the Judd–Ofelt (J-O) intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6) were determined. Spontaneous emission probabilities of some relevant transitions, branching ratio, and radiative lifetimes of several excited states of Sm3+ have been predicted using intensity J-O parameters. The luminescence intensity decreases with the increase in Sm3+ ion concentration beyond 0.5 mol% and the same was discussed through various energy transfer mechanism which takes place between Sm3+ ions. The lasing parameters like peak stimulated emission cross-section (σep), branching ratios (βR), measured branching ratios (βexp) and radiative lifetime (τrad) for the excited 4G5/2 luminescent level have been calculated, discussed and reported. The measured lifetime (τmeas) of the 4G5/2 excited level is found to be single exponential up to 0.5 mol% and after that it changes into non-exponential for higher concentration and the non-exponential behavior arises due to the energy transfer between the Sm3+ ions through various cross-relaxation channels. The non-exponential decay rates, at higher concentrations, were fitted to Inokuti–Hirayama (IH) model for S = 6 which reveals that the energy transfer process is of dipole–dipole in nature. The R/O intensity ratios have been studied by varying the RE ion concentration and further CIE color chromaticity coordinates have also been calculated to characterize the emission of the prepared glasses. Using the Mc-Cumber method, emission cross-section (σem), Absorption cross-section (σa), and gain cross-section (G(λ)) for the 6F9/2→6H5/2 transition, were calculated.From the emission characteristic parameters of 4G5/2 level, it is concluded that the NNS glasses could be useful for photonic devices like visible lasers, fluorescent display devices and optical amplifiers.

Luminescent characteristics of Tm3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ tri-doped borophosphate glasses for LED applications

Tm3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ tri-doped borophosphate glasses were prepared via melt quenching technique. The luminescent properties were characterized by photoluminescence excitation, photoluminescence spectra, decay curves and chromaticity coordinates. The energy transfer process of Tm3+→Eu3+ and Tb3+→Eu3+ were confirmed based on photoluminescence spectra,fluorescence decay lifetime measurements. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.3418, 0.3272) and color correlate temperature (CCT = 5055.95 K) close to the standard white-light illumination (0.333, 0.333 and CCT = 5454.12 K) could be achieved in 1.0 Tm3+/2.0 Tb3+/1.0 Eu3+ (mol%) tri-doped glass sample. It is expected that the as-prepared glasses may be a promising candidate for white-light-emitting diodes, luminescent materials and fluorescent display devices.

Energy transfer, optical and luminescent properties in Tm3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ tri-doped borate glasses

Tm3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ tri-doped transparent borate glasses were successfully synthesized via melt quenching technique, and the optical and luminescent properties were characterized by photoluminescence excitation, photoluminescence spectra, absorption spectra, decay time and chromaticity coordinates. The energy transfer of Tm3+, Tb3+ → Sm3+ in Tm3+/Tb3+/Sm3+ co-doped glass samples was demonstrated. The chromaticity coordinate (x = 0.3339, y = 0.3241) and color correlate temperature (CCT = 5420.73 K) close to the standard white light (x = 0.3333, y = 0.3333 and CCT = 5454.12 K) could be achieved in 0.4Tm3+/1.0 Tb3+/0.8Sm3+ (mol %) tri-doped glass sample. It is expected that the investigated glasses may be a promising candidate for white-light-emitting diodes, luminescent materials and fluorescent display devices.

A series of color tunable yellow–orange–red-emitting SrWO4:RE (Sm3+, Eu3+–Sm3+) phosphor for near ultraviolet and blue light-based warm white light emitting diodes

A series of wide-range-tunable light emissive SrWO4:Sm3+, SrWO4:Sm3+,Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized via the simple co-precipitation method. The charge compensation can greatly improve SrWO4: Sm3+ phosphors luminous intensity. The critical distance, ηT and energy transfer mechanism of SrWO4:0.01Sm3+,0.12Eu3+ were studied. These obtained phosphors exhibit a high luminous efficiency, purity and lower color temperature of the comfortable warm white LEDs. Hues varying have been generated by appropriately tuning the Sm3+ ions concentration, excitation wavelength or Sm3+, Eu3+ co-doping, which have the color tunable wide gamut light covering the yellow–green, greenish-yellow, yellow, yellow orange, orange, reddish orange and red chromaticity region. In particular, SrWO4:0.01Sm3+,0.12Eu3+ phosphors excited at 404 and 480 nm have higher color saturation than commercially available Y2O2S:Eu3+ red phosphor. These phosphors can be excited efficiently using commercial ultraviolet, blue laser diodes and LEDs, and can be used for developing new color light sources, fluorescent display devices, ultraviolet-sensors and tunable visible lasers.

Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of YNbO4:A (A = Eu3+ and/or Tb3+) Nanocrystalline Phosphors via a Sol–Gel Process

Rare-earth (Eu3+ and/or Tb3+) ions doped YNbO4 phosphors were prepared though a Pechini-type sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, and cathodoluminescence spectra were utilized to characterize the synthesized phosphors. XRD reveal that the samples begin to crystallize at 800 °C and pure YNbO4 phase can be obtained at 1000 °C. FE-SEM images indicate that the YNbO4:A (A = Eu3+ and/or Tb3+) samples consist of fine and spherical grains of around 40–80 nm. Under the ultraviolet light (around 255 nm) and low-voltage electron beams, the prepared YNbO4:A (A = Eu3+ and/or Tb3+) phosphors show the characteristic blue broadband emission (from 300 to 500 nm with a maximum around 403 nm) of the YNbO4 host lattice, the characteristic red emission of Eu3+ (5DJ → 7FJ′, J, J′ = 0,1,2,3 transitions) and the characteristic green emission of Tb3+ (5D4 → 7F6,5,4,3 transitions). There exists an energy transfer from the YNbO4 host lattices to Eu3+ (Tb3+) ions. By tuning the relative doping concentration of Eu3+ and Tb3+, a single-composition white-light-emitting has been realized in YNbO4:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphor. The obtained YNbO4:Eu3+, YNbO4:Tb3+, and YNbO4:Eu3+,Tb3+ phosphors have potential application in the areas of UV white-light-emitting diodes, field emission display devices, and vacuum fluorescent display devices, etc.

Structural and luminescence properties of Mn2+ ions doped calcium zinc borophosphate glasses

Calcium zinc borophosphate glasses (CaZnBP) doped with various concentrations of Mn2+ ions and borate and phosphate as variable were prepared using conventional melt quenching technique. The structure of obtained glasses were examined by means of use: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). XRD analysis confirmed amorphous nature of glass samples. The FT-IR spectra reveals the presence of both borate and phosphate vibrational modes in the prepared glasses. The doping of Mn2+ ions (2–10mol%) shows no significant changes in the main IR vibrational bands. Optical properties were studied by measuring the near infrared photoluminescence (PL) spectra. CaZnBP glasses exhibited intense green emission peak (582nm) (tetrahedral symmetry), which is assigned to a transition from the upper 4T1g→6A1g ground state of Mn2+ ions. As the concentration of Mn2+ ions increases, the emission band increases from 582nm to 650nm and exhibited a red light emission (octahedral symmetry). The decay curves of 4T1g level were examined for all concentrations and the measured lifetimes are found to depend strongly on Mn2+ concentrations. From the emission characteristic parameters of 6A1g (S) level, it shows that the CaZnBP glasses could have potential applications as luminescent optical materials, visible lasers and fluorescent display devices.

Spectroscopic and laser properties of Sm3+ ions doped lithium fluoroborate glasses for efficient visible lasers

The Sm3+-doped lead barium zinc lithium fluoroborate (LBZLFB) glasses of composition 20PbO+5BaO+5ZnO+10LiF+(60−x) B2O3+xSm2O3, (where x=0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0mol%) have been prepared by conventional melt quenching technique and their structural and spectroscopic behavior were studied and reported. The amorphous nature of these glass samples was confirmed with XRD studies. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra reveal that, the glasses contain BO3, BO4, non-bridging oxygen and strong OH bonds. The bonding parameters and the oscillator strengths were determined from the absorption spectra. These parameters have been used to obtain the Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters. Using these intensity parameters various radiative and laser properties were predicted. The values of J–O intensity parameters suggested an increase in the degree of symmetry of the local ligand field at Sm3+ sites. The decay rates for the 4G5/2 level of Sm3+ ions have been measured and are found to be single exponential at lower concentrations (<1.0mol%) and turn into non-exponential at higher concentrations (⩾1.0mol%), due to energy transfer through cross-relaxation. From the emission characteristic parameters of 4G5/2 level, it is concluded that the LBZLFB glasses could be useful for photonic devices like visible lasers, fluorescent display devices and optical amplifiers, operated in the visible region.

Absorption and emission spectral studies of Sm 3+-doped lead tungstate tellurite glasses

The present work reports the effect of concentration on photoluminescence properties of Sm 3+ ions doped lead tungstate tellurite (LTTSm) glasses by using the absorption, emission and decay measurements. The Judd–Ofelt theory has been used to evaluate the three Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters ( Ω 2,4,6) and calculated oscillator strengths ( f c). LTTSm glasses exhibited intense reddish–orange emission when excited with 477 nm wavelength. Concentration quenching has been noticed beyond 1.0 mol% of Sm 3+ ion concentration. The decay curves of 4G 5/2 level exhibited single exponential behavior for all the concentrations and the measured lifetimes are found to depend strongly on Sm 3+ concentration. From the emission characteristic parameters of 4G 5/2 level, it is concluded that the LTTSm glasses could be useful for photonic devices like visible lasers, fluorescent display devices and optical amplifiers.

Photoluminescence Characterization of Sm 3+ -Doped Fluoroborate Ceramics

Sm 3+ -doped fluoroborate ceramics (BaO-ZnO-Al 2O 3-B 2O 3-NaF) were fabricated as a potential material in illumination and display. The density, surface modality, microstructure and fluorescence were measured and characterized. The ceramics were well densified without pores and they were proved to be amorphous. Under blue and UV light excitations, the opaque fluoroborate ceramics doped with Sm 3+ absorbed the most of excitation radiation and emited intense reddish orange light. The emission spectrum of Sm 3+ -doped fluoroborate ceramics under 404 nm excitation consisted of four intense emission bands peaking at 564, 600, 645 and 708 nm, respectively, and the 600 nm reddish-orange emission band was the most intense. Excitation and emission spectra indicated that commercial UV and blue laser diodes, blue and bluish-green LEDs and Ar + optical laser were powerful pumping sources for the fluoroborate ceramics. The rare earth doped ceramics with various visible emissions were useful for developing new color light sources, fluorescent display devices and UV sensors.

Optical absorption and photoluminescence in Sm 3+- and Eu 3+-doped rare-earth borate glasses

Sm 3+- and Eu 3+-doped rare-earth borate glasses (Li 2O–BaO–La 2O 3–B 2O 3) have been fabricated and characterized optically. The density, refractive index, optical absorption, Judd-Ofelt parameters, and spontaneous transition probabilities have been measured, calculated and analyzed. Sm 3+ and Eu 3+ emit intense reddish-orange and red lights under blue and UV light excitations, respectively. In Sm 3+ and Eu 3+ co-doped glasses, the excitation wavelength range of Eu 3+ emission is broadened owing to the energy transfer from Sm 3+ to Eu 3+. This broadening makes the Ar + 488 nm wavelength laser a powerful excitation source for Eu 3+ fluorescence. The rare-earth doped glasses with various visible emissions are useful for developing new color light sources, fluorescent display devices, UV-sensor and tunable visible lasers.

Phosphor Converted Three-Band White LED

The development of wide band gap III-V nitride compound semiconductors has led to the commercial production of high-efficiency LEDs. The recent advent of blue InGaN technology has made it possible to produce a conventional white LED in which white light is obtained by coating a Y3Al5O12:Ce (or Sr3SiO5:Eu) phosphor onto a blue LED chip. In this device, known as a two-band white LED, white light is generated by additive color mixing of the blue light emitted by the blue LED and the yellow light emitted by the Y3Al5O12:Ce phosphor. The development of a white LED is important because it opens the way for LED applications such as light bulbs and fluorescent lamps with high durability and low energy consumption. However, the spectral composition of the light produced by the conventional two-band white LED differs from that of natural white light, particularly in the red region. The color properties of conventional two-band white LEDs can potentially be improved by adding another component to create a white LED based on three emission bands (a three-band white LED). Full-color fluorescent display devices have been developed by using a combination of ZnS:Ag (blue), ZnS:Cu,Al (green), and ZnCdS:Ag (red) phosphors excited by a nearUV LED. In addition, a white light source has been obtained by intergrating ZnS:Ag (blue), ZnS:Cu,Al (green), and Y2O2S:Eu (red) phosphors, and a UV-LED (350 nm). White light has also been achieved by combining a blue LED (460 nm) with SrGa2S4:Eu (green) and SrS:Eu (red) phosphors. Previously, we constructed a three-band white LED by combining a blue LED (465 nm) with SrGa2S4:Eu (green) and ZnCdS:Ag,Cl (red) phosphors. In the present work, we investigated the optical properties of a white LED which was obtained by using a blue LED (465 nm) in conjunction with SrGa2S4:Eu (green) and SrY2S4:Eu (red) phosphors. The SrY2S4:Eu phosphor was chosen over the ZnCdS:Ag,Cl phosphor used in our previous work in order to improve the red color characteristics of the white LED.

Intense visible fluorescence and energy transfer in Dy 3+, Tb 3+, Sm 3+ and Eu 3+ doped rare-earth borate glasses

Tb 3+/Dy 3+ and Eu 3+/Sm 3+ doped rare-earth borate glasses have been synthesized and characterized. Under UV excitation, Dy 3+, Tb 3+, Sm 3+ and Eu 3+ emit intense yellowish white, green, reddish orange and red lights, respectively. In Tb 3+/Dy 3+ co-doped glasses, the enhancement of Tb 3+ green emission is observed, and the sensitization is related to the efficient energy transfer from Dy 3+ to Tb 3+. In Eu 3+/Sm 3+ co-doped glasses, the excitation wavelength range of Eu 3+ emission is broadened owing to the energy transfer from Sm 3+ to Eu 3+. This broadening makes the Ar + 488 nm wavelength laser a powerful excitation source for Eu 3+ fluorescence. The rare-earth doped glasses with various visible emissions are useful for developing new color light sources, fluorescent display devices, UV-sensor and tunable visible lasers.

Chromophore‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

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