Fluidity Tests Research Articles

Fluidity of Pure Aluminum in a Narrow Channel Die Gap during Die Casting

Fluidity tests of 99.9%Al and 99.7%Al were conducted using a die casting machine equipped with a spiral die with a channel gap of 0.5 mm. The effects of die temperature and plunger speed on the fluidity were investigated. To clarify the flow length for these alloys, ADC12 and Al-X%Fe (X ≤ 1.1) were also cast. A 1.0 mm channel gap was also used to compare the fluidity in a wider gap. The fluidity of 99.9%Al and 99.7%Al at a die temperature of 30 °C and a plunger speed of 0.2 m/s was superior to that at 150 °C and 0.8 m/s when the channel gap was 0.5 mm, and similar results were found for ADC12 and Al-X%Fe. When the die temperature was 30 °C, the fluidity of 99.9%Al and 99.7%Al decreased as the plunger speed increased when the channel gap was 0.5 mm, and similar results were also found for ADC12 and Al-X%Fe. These results did not align with conventional expectations. A discussion of the results based on the peeling and re-melting of the solidified layer was provided.

Nanotechnology enabled casting of aluminum alloy 7075 turbines

Aluminum alloy 7075 is well-known for its high-performance structural systems due to its lightweight and excellent mechanical properties. However, its susceptibility to hot cracking and limited fluidity hinder its casting suitability, posing challenges in manufacturing near-net-shaped structures economically, especially for thin and intricate aerospace components. This paper presents experimental results based on nano-treating, an emerging nanotechnology-enabled manufacturing method by incorporating a low fraction of nanoparticles in liquid aluminum, to allow the casting of complex aluminum alloy 7075 parts. Vacuum fluidity tests demonstrated that nano-treating of aluminum alloy 7075 with only 0.5 vol% TiC nanoparticles increased the fluidity of aluminum alloy 7075 by more than 20%, effectively eliminating hot cracking and enhancing surface quality. Through the Rapid Investment Casting process, nano-treated aluminum alloy 7075 can be successfully cast into turbines with 0.5 mm thick blades. In contrast, aluminum alloy 7075 without nano-treating failed to produce good casting quality due to poor filling and severe cracks. The manufacturing trials highlight the significant improvement in castability achieved through nano-treating, opening a novel pathway for the cost-effective production of complex aluminum alloy 7075 structures for numerous applications.

Study on printability of 3D printing carbon fiber reinforced eco-friendly concrete: Characterized by fluidity and consistency

Carbon fibers have often been added to concrete as reinforcement. Eco-friendly concrete with industrial by-products has been widely studied and applied as green building materials. Studying the workability and printability of eco-friendly concrete with carbon fibers is worthwhile. The workability and printability of eco-friendly concrete are dominating factors that ensure that printing can be carried out smoothly. This study uses a combination of experiments and numerical simulations to study the printing performance of carbon fiber-reinforced eco-friendly concrete (CFREFC). The workability and printability of 9 mixes of 3D printing CFREFC under various combinations of different water-binder (w/b) ratio levels and superplasticizer (SP) dosages were tested. Two methods, namely the consistency and fluidity tests, were used to characterize the printability. After consistency and mortar fluidity tests, the 9 mixtures were printed to get the printing performance. Finally, the relationship between the workability and printability of 3D printing CFREFC was established. The condition numbered M7 (w/b = 0.4, SP = 0.5) in the selected experimental group was used as the source of its simulation parameter. The result shows that it is feasible to characterize printability using workability, i.e., consistency and fluidity, which increase with the increase of w/b and SP dosage. Under the printing parameters of the HC1008 printer were determined, i.e., 20 mm of nozzle size, 50 mm/s of printing speed, 30 rpm of material extrusion speed, and 14 mm layer height, the fresh CFREFC was not suitable for 3DP application when its consistency is less than 48.99 mm and more than 81.96 mm, or when its fluidity is less than 166.72 mm and more than 200.93 mm. When the consistency is from 56.34 to 65.61 mm, and the fluidity is from 172.18 to 183.30 mm, the printability of CFREFC is the best under the same printing parameters. The simulation results indicated that with the increased number of printing layers, the bottom of the printed model would be deformed by the gradual increase in pressure, and a specific height loss would occur, which was consistent with the experimental results.

New data and insights on the secondary glass workshop of Comacchio (Italy): MgO contents, steatite crucibles and alternatives to recycling

This study introduces a collection of 33 glass samples, encompassing production indicators (blocks, fluidity tests, drops, cuts and wastes) and finished products (mainly goblets and probably a lamp) dating to the second half of the 7th century, except for a single more recent specimen (12th-14th). Additionally, a fragment was taken from a crucible bearing a thin layer of glass inside it. This new collection complements the investigation of glass materials from the Comacchio workshop previously analysed by Bertini et al. (2020).Measurements were performed using scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy on all samples and Sr–Nd isotopic analyses on 5 blocks.The results showed how the entire collection can be classified as natron-based silica-soda-lime glass and that the high MgO contents frequently observed are due to contamination with the steatite crucible. Contextually, the hypothesis of using plant ash-based glass mixed with natron-based glass formulated in the previous literature seems to have run out, along with the use of plant ash-based glass itself, further weakened by the very low representativeness of this latter type of glass on the site.The technological investigation further elucidated that recycling may not singularly account for the Comacchio glass technology. Discernible correlations may suggest the introduction of different types of metals, indicating a specialised control over the production process. Notably, the preference for green–blue glass emerges as a distinctive hallmark, underscoring the deliberate pursuit of a specific aesthetic taste.Lastly, the provenance analysis showed that over three-quarters of production was based on semi-finished products from Egypt, while only the remaining quarter came from the Levantine coast.

Investigation of adhesion of loess to shield’s cutting tools considering sand and clay additives

Soils, especially those containing a significant fraction of clay, adhering to shields’ cutting tools or clumping to each other could not only cause a low advance rate in tunnel construction but also difficulty in transporting tunnelling spoils for disposal. Although more than 80% silt is regarded as the major fraction, 10% clay also included in loess which is extensively spread over northwest China may aggravate the said issue. In addition to the mixing and fluidity tests, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis was applied to explore the inherent mechanism that affected their adhesion properties when sand, kaolinite, and montmorillonite were introduced as additives. Results showed that the sand additive reduced not only the potential to trigger clay clogging but also the difficulty in transporting spoils for disposal. By contrast, the kaolinite additive increases the potential to trigger clay clogging and also aggravates the difficulty in transporting spoils for disposal. Despite that, the adhesion force was higher in the sand-loess mixture, most likely due to the non-swelling nature of kaolinite minerals. Therefore, the water rings cannot be developed impeding the formation of capillary phenomenon. The adhesion of the sand-loess mixture is controlled by the intermolecular force and rapidly disappears when submerged. Further, the montmorillonite additive increases further the potential to trigger clay clogging but causes great difficulty in transporting spoils for disposal. Results from the AFM test also indicated that the surface topography showed a small change, with the maximum adhesion force being 52.5 nN. The more the water rings developed, the more significant the capillary phenomenon, and the greater the adhesion force.

Correlation between high temperature performance of gussasphalt mixture for steel bridge decks and rheology of asphalt mastic

Rutting is a prevalent issue in the Gussasphalt (GA) mixture layer of steel bridge deck pavements. This study aims to investigate the correlation between the rheology of GA mastic and the high-temperature performance of the GA mixture. To achieve this objective, GA mastic underwent temperature and frequency sweep tests, along with multiple stress creep and recovery tests employing a dynamic shear rheometer. Additionally, indentation tests, uniaxial penetration tests, and Lueer fluidity tests were conducted on the GA mixture. The Grey Relational Analysis method was employed to evaluate the relationship between asphalt mastic rheology and the high-temperature deformation resistance of the GA mixture. The findings reveal that the addition of mineral filler enhances the deformation resistance of both GA mastic and the mixture. The percent difference in non-recoverable creep compliance (Jnr-diff) was minimized when the weight ratio of filler to asphalt binder (F/B) was 2.5. Furthermore, increasing the F/B ratio from 2.0 to 3.5 resulted in a more than twofold increase in the GA mixture’s shear strength. Asphalt type emerged as a significant factor affecting the indentation parameter of the GA mixture, with an F-value reaching 8.82 based on ANOVA analysis. The rheological properties of GA mastic exhibited a significant correlation with the high-temperature performance of the mixture. The highest Grey Relational Grade of 0.87 was observed between the non-recoverable creep compliance at a 3.2 kPa stress level (Jnr3.2) and indentation. In future research, greater emphasis can be placed on exploring the micromechanical properties of the GA mastic-aggregate interface.

Performance and microstructure of sintered sludge ash-modified cement paste

Sintered sludge ash (SSA) has garnered attention for its potential to mitigate carbon emissions by replacing cement. This study investigates the consequential changes in the macro and micro properties of cement paste following the addition of SSA. Fluidity tests unveiled that the high specific surface area of SSA was the primary factor contributing to the reduction in fluidity and the delayed setting time. In terms of strength, SSA affected the cement paste to a greater extent at 3 days (3 d) than at 28 days (28 d). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that hydration-inert components such as quartz and feldspar in SSA may be responsible for the observed early hydration retardation. For 28 d strength, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) were employed to quantify Ca(OH)2 content and the degree of cement hydration. It was found that the participation of SSA in the pozzolanic reaction could additionally produce calcite, which promoted hydration and improved the strength of cement paste at 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that amorphous hydration products, including C–S–H and Ca(OH)2 crystals covering the SSA surface, formed a robust structure conducive to 28 d strength development. Results from mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were found to be in good contrast with SEM.

Investigation of material composition, design, and performance of open-graded asphalt mixtures for semi-flexible pavement: A comprehensive experimental study

The primary goal of this study is the design and construction of semi-flexible pavement (SFP) mixture in accordance with the engineering and mechanical criteria. This study involves the use of a range of gradation curves, air void contents, cellulose and synthesized fibers, and neat and modified asphalt binders to prepare the open-graded asphalt (OGA) mixtures. To analyze the characteristics of these mixtures, a variety of test, namely binder drainage, semi-circular bending (SCB), Cantabro, wheel tracking, indirect tensile strength (ITS), and permeability tests were conducted. Additionally, to analyze the prepared grouting material, flexural strength, compressive strength, and fluidity tests were conducted. In the final stage, SFP was compared to HMA in terms of engineering characteristics and performance. According to the results, SFP was more resistant to skid, rutting, fire, and moisture damage, while HMA had a better performance in fracture tests, including SCB test. According to the results of the mechanical performance tests conducted on OGA mixtures, the highest and lowest values for air void content to achieve the highest mechanical performance level were 30%–35% and 25%, respectively. Also, based on the laboratory results, it was determined that the required void ratio for constructing OGA mixtures was 24%–26% based on the bitumen type and fibers amount in the mixture. Finally, SFP mixture can be regarded as a viable alternative to common pavements thanks to its high resistance to rutting and moisture damage, long freezing-thawing fatigue life, and adequate fire and skid resistance.

Study of the Bonding Performance and Application of an Epoxy Resin Pavement Sealant

An epoxy resin pavement sealant (ERPS) was prepared to solve the interface bonding failure problem of traditional road sealants. The fluidity, bonding performance, and low temperature performance of sealants repaired struture were studied based on surface energy theory, fluidity tests, tensile tests, beam bending tests, and oblique shear tests. The results show that ERPS has good excellent fluidity and can meet the construction time. Under the most unfavorable condition of water, mineral powder, and low temperature, the tensile bond strength, flexural bond strength, and oblique shear bond strength of ERPS repair specimens were 1.84, 7.21, and 8.02 MPa, respectively, and the strength at each temperature was better than styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified asphalt, silicone sealant, and polyurethane sealant. Under the most unfavorable conditions, the ERPS-repaired cracks recovered 68.1% of the tensile strength, 67.8% of the flexural strength, and 70.5% of the oblique shear strength of the undamaged specimens. The ERPS-repaired pavement crack wall structure has excellent low-temperature bonding performance and good high-temperature shear performance, which shows that ERPS can effectively solve the problem of adhesive failure sealants at low temperatures.

Effects of coupling graft graphene fluid on modifying asphalt binders: Preparation, characterization and performance validation

Inorganic nanomaterials are widely studied to modify asphalt binder. However, the problems caused by poor compatibility and high viscosity have not been well resolved, and hence their further application is still limited. In order to break the limitation, this study proposes a new grafting method to optimize the surface characteristics of graphene oxide (GO), and finds that the upgraded GO when used as a modifier can significantly improve above mentioned problems. Specifically, coupling graft graphene fluid (CG-GF) was successfully synthesized via a two-step grafting method, and then properties of CG-GF were studied through Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), dispersion and fluidity tests. Thirdly, the prepared CG-GF was used to modify the pure asphalt binder (A-90), and the comprehensive performance of CG-GF modified asphalt binder (CMAB) was validated. Results show the modified binder doesn’t see a significant increase in viscosity above 135 °C and compatibility is not weakened. The significance of this paper is to propose a feasible method to modify the performance of inorganic nanomaterials, and this method widens the application of inorganic nanomaterial modified asphalt binders (INMAB) in pavement engineering.

Study on the dispersion performance and mechanism of polycarboxylate superplasticizer by the long side‐chain dicarboxyl terminated

AbstractThe steric hindrance formed by polyether side chains is the key factor determining the dispersion performance of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE). While with the increase of the side chain length, the coiled conformation of side chain will prevent the dispersion ability of PCE from being further improved. In this work, the methallyl polyoxyethylene ether (HPEG) was esterified with tricarballylic acid (TA) to obtain dicarboxyl terminated macromonomer, and further used to synthesize polycarboxylate (PCETA). The fluidity tests show that compared with ordinary PCE‐B2400 with short side chain, the dispersion performance of PCETA‐2400 was slightly improved. While for the PCEs with long side chain, the dispersion ability of PCETA‐4000 was significantly improved than that of ordinary PCE‐B4000. The adsorption layer thickness of PCETA‐4000 adsorbed on the surface of SiO2 sphere measured by dynamic light scattering is 7.93 nm, which is 1.3 times that of PCE‐B4000. Due to electrostatic repulsion between the carboxylic groups, the stretching of long side‐chain forms stronger steric hindrance and enhancing the dispersion of cement particles. In addition, PCETA also shows good slump retention and clay resistance properties, and it is an excellent multi‐functional concrete admixture with great application potential.

Research on the particle characteristics of manufactured sands affecting the flow ability of fresh mortar

This paper combined digital image processing (DIP) and discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the relationship between the particle characteristics of manufactured sand and the flow ability of mortar, and clarified the key characteristics parameters of particle shape influencing the flow ability of mortar. A method for batch calculation of shape characteristic parameters (elongation ne, angularity index na and fullness ratio nf) of aggregates based on DIP was proposed. The fluidity tests and corresponding simulations of mortar at different water-cement ratios were carried out respectively, and the results showed that the errors of simulated fluidity (fm) were around 7%. The simulation results demonstrated that the fm decreased with increasing content of large-size aggregates in the mortar. The augment of both ne and na reduced the flowability of mortar. The magnitude of rolling/sliding friction coefficients of aggregates are the important parameters that determine the flowability of mortar.

Identification Fluidity Method to Determine Suitability of Weathered and River Sand for Constructions Purposes

At present, in order to comply with the development of the “the Belt and Road Initiatives”, the country is accelerating the pace of construction and increasing the demand for construction river sand. However, the quality of construction river sand is uncontrollable, and its shape is very similar to that of weathered sand. Therefore, using inferior weathered sand and mixed sand as inferior substitute sand in the market is prohibited, resulting in an increase in the difficulty coefficient of quality control of concrete fine aggregate in actual projects. This lays hidden dangers for the construction quality of the project. It is urgent to improve the quality control, testing, and detection process of river sand. Due to the long-term weathering of weathered sand, its density is small, and there are many pores, which leads to the material’s water absorption rate is higher than that of standard sand and river sand during fluidity tests. This paper takes this as a breakthrough point, reveals the variation law of fluidity loss under different variables, and explores a method for effectively screening low-quality sand and gravel. Through the silt content test (screening and washing method), the low-quality sand is preliminarily screened out, the mortar ratio is designed, and the fluidity test is carried out to compare the difference in fluidity loss of different types of mortar; determine the loss threshold range (mobility loss ≤ 15 mm) according to the mobility test results of the control group, and determine the qualification standard by comparing the measured mobility loss of the unknown sample with the loss threshold range. When the mobility loss is within the loss threshold range, the sample is qualified river sand. Otherwise, it is weathered sand or chowder sand. This method establishes a complete detection scheme for distinguishing weathered sand and river sand through mud content tests and mobility loss tests, solves the difficult problem of river sand quality control in engineering applications, and effectively eliminates the phenomenon of using low-quality weathered sand as river sand in the sand and gravel material market, thus avoiding congenital defects in concrete homogeneity.

Mechanical behavior and microscopic mechanism of fiber reinforced coarse aggregate cemented backfill

Backfills have traditionally served as artificial stope roofs during the mining of cemented undercut-and-fill, which still has many problems, such as weak tensile strength, brittleness, poor ductility, etc. To improve the stability of the backfill, fluidity tests, mechanical tests, and microscopic characteristics tests were conducted on fiber-reinforced coarse aggregate cemented backfill (FCCB) with different polypropylene fiber (PPF) contents and curing times based on the existing filling parameters of Longshou mine in China. The results showed that the slump and expansion of FCCB slurry presented a slight linear decrease with an increase in PPF content, and the slurry satisfied the requirement of self-flow transport. Additionally, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) of FCCB showed growth to a different extent. When the PPF content was 0.10 %, the enhancement effect was optimal. However, the backfill deteriorated as the content was more than 0.10 %. Moreover, the effects of a single 15 mm PPF on UCS and STS were better than that of hybrid fibers with different scales. The peak strain and the compressive and splitting toughness index (Ti) of FCCB increased at different degrees with an increase in PPF content, which was significantly higher than that of the backfill without fiber. After adding PPF, the backfill appeared characteristic of a crack but not broken. Furthermore, the hydration products, including CSH gel, Ca(OH)2 (CH), and ettringite (AFt), increased and became thicker with curing time, the compactness of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) increased, the pores decreased, and the adhesion of PPF and cement stone increased, enhancing the microscopic mechanical properties of FCCB. This study would improve the safety of mining and have high application value.

Experimental Investigation and Numerical Simulation of the Fluidity of A356 Aluminum Alloy

The fluidity of A356 aluminum alloy was experimentally determined at the melt temperatures and vacuum degrees by a series of suction fluidity tests. In order to achieve different cooling rates during the test, quartz tubes, as well as stainless steel tubes, were employed as the fluidity channels. As the melt temperature increased from 650 to 730 °C, fluidity lengths either linearly increased from 26 to 36 cm or parabolically increased from 13 to 29 cm when quartz tubes or stainless steel tubes were employed, respectively. As the vacuum degree of the fluidity test increased from 0.005 to 0.03 MPa, fluidity increased from 25 to 43 cm in quartz tubes while the smaller increase in fluidity from 20 to 31 cm was observed in stainless steel tubes. Shorter fluidity lengths in stainless steel tubes than those in quartz tubes under the same fluidity measurement condition were due to faster solidification speed confirmed by microstructural analysis. In order to predict the fluidity of the A356 alloy obtained from the suction fluidity tests, a mathematical model was developed based on heat and mass transfer equations coupled with thermodynamic calculations by ChemApp software. The simulation results show good agreement with the fluidity length obtained in the present study. From a series of model calculations, the effects of casting parameters on the fluidity of the A356 melt were discussed.

Synthesis and property of EPEG‐based polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers via RAFT polymerization

AbstractPolycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (PCEs) with comb‐shaped molecular structures have attracted considerable attention in the area of admixtures for construction engineering. However, there are some contradictions in studying the relationship between the molecular structure and property of PCE due to its random structure based on traditional free radical polymerization, which is confused for designing and developing novel PCEs. In this article, a series of reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization‐based polycarboxylate ether superplasticizers (RPCs) were prepared by the copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and ethylene‐glycol monovinyl polyethylene glycol (EPEG). The chemical structure and composition of RPCs were characterized and their adsorption behavior and dispersion properties were conducted. The results demonstrate that the molecular weights of RPCs do not vary significantly with prolonging reaction time, and the actual monomer ratio in RPCs displays a significant change to the feed one due to the monomer reactivity and conversion at higher reaction temperature, which is different from conventional free radical polymerization. The dispersion and adsorption properties of RPCs to cement were evaluated by slurry fluidity tests and total organic carbon (TOC) experiments. The effect of polymerization temperature and time on the dispersion ability has been systematically studied. The results indicate that the dispersion ability and adsorption capacity of RPCs are closely related to their molecular structures. The dispersion ability of RPCs were enhanced with increasing carboxyl group density in a certain range of monomer molar ratios (≤6:1). This study will provide a new platform for designing and developing high‐performance and rational cost‐effective superplasticizers with well‐defined structure and controlled molecular weight.

Study on the polymerization process and monomer reactivity of EPEG‐type polycarboxylate superplasticizer

AbstractIn this study, the binary aqueous free radical copolymerization process of ethylene‐glycol monovinyl polyethylene glycol (EPEG) and acrylic acid (AA) was studied. The influence of monomer type and molar ratio on the conversion ratio of EPEG and the molar ratio of copolymer were investigated via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) by comparing the macromonomer molecular structures, side chain densities, and carboxyl group concentrations. According to the results, the reactivity of EPEG copolymerized with AA was higher than that of isoprenyl oxypoly (ethylene glycol) ether (IPEG, also referred to as TPEG) with AA. The copolymerization reaction between EPEG and AA could be completed within 30 min at 10–20°C. At the initial stage, the copolymer content quickly attained 60% within 15 min, reflecting the short induction period and high chain propagation rate constant. The fluidity tests in cement mortar revealed that polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCEs) with short side chains and high conversion ratio exhibited better dispersion capacity than PCEs with long side chains.

Influences of Multi-Component Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Performance of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer

In this study, the workability and reaction mechanism of metakaolin (MK) based geopolymer blended with rice husk ash (RHA) and silica fume (SF) was investigated. The prepared samples were subjected to tests including compressive strength and fluidity tests. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to explore the phase composition and microstructure of geopolymers. The molecular bonding information of geopolymer was provided by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Meanwhile, the porosity of geopolymer was obtained by Mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) analysis. The high-activity RHA obtained after calcination at 600°C was used as a supplementary cementitious material to prepare geopolymer. The properties of preventing morphology cracking and compressive strength are improved. The addition of RHA and SF changes the working performance of MK based geopolymer and provided a theoretical basis for future practical applications. Meanwhile, the high chemical activity of SF and RHA contributes to the healing of microcracks.

Effect of the Glass Fiber Content of a Polybutylene Terephthalate Reinforced Composite Structure on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics.

This work presents the influences of glass fiber content on the mechanical and physical characteristics of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) reinforced with glass fibers (GF). For the mechanical characterization of the composites depending on the GF reinforcement rate, tensile tests are carried out. The results show that increasing the GF content in the polymer matrix leads to an increase in the stiffness of the composite but also to an increase in its brittleness. Scanning Electron Microscope analysis is performed, highlighting the multi-scale dependency on types of damage and macroscopic behavior of the composites. Furthermore, flammability tests were performed. They permit certifying the flame retardancy capacity of the electrical composite part. Additionally, fluidity tests are carried out to identify the flow behavior of the melted composite during the polymer injection process. Finally, the cracking resistance is assessed by riveting tests performed on the considered electrical parts produced from composites with different GF reinforcement. The riveting test stems directly from the manufacturing process. Therefore, its results accurately reflect the fragility of the material used.

Effect of superplasticizers with different anchor groups on the properties of cementitious systems

We herein reported a series of superplasticizers that were synthesized from the macro-monomer polyethylene glycol methacrylate and the monomers acrylic acid, sodium allyl sulfonate, or vinylphosphonic acid at different molar ratios. In order to explore the influence of COO-, SO32-, and PO32- on the performance of superplasticizers, fluidity tests and plastic viscosity tests were carried out to evaluate the dispersion performance of these polymers. Furthermore, the conformation of these superplasticizers in calcium hydroxide solution was analyzed via dynamic light scattering and Ca2+ concentration tests. The results showed that these superplasticizers exhibited the best dispersion effect when the molar ratio of COO-:SO32- and COO-:PO32- was 3:1. In addition, the calcium complexing capacity of the phosphonate groups was higher than that of the sulfonate ions, leading to the lower plastic viscosity of cement pastes containing the superplasticizer with COO-:PO32- at a ratio of 3:1. This study provides valuable information for the application in practical engineering.