Fluid State Research Articles

Emergent biaxiality in chiral hybrid liquid crystals.

Biaxial nematic liquid crystals are fascinating systems sometimes referred to as the Higgs boson of soft matter because of experimental observation challenges. Here we describe unexpected states of matter that feature biaxial orientational order of colloidal supercritical fluids and gases formed by sparse rodlike particles. Colloidal rods with perpendicular surface boundary conditions exhibit a strong biaxial symmetry breaking when doped into conventional chiral nematic fluids. Minimization of free energy prompts these particles to orient perpendicular to the local molecular director and the helical axis, thereby imparting biaxiality on the hybrid molecular-colloidal system. The ensuing phase diagram features colloidal gas and liquid and supercritical colloidal fluid states with long-range biaxial orientational symmetry, as supported by analytical and numerical modeling at all hierarchical levels of ordering. Unlike for nonchiral hybrid systems, dispersions in chiral nematic hosts display biaxial orientational order at vanishing colloid volume fractions, promising both technological and fundamental research utility.

Military Leadership in a VUCA Environment and BANI Scenario: A Systematic Literature review

The World has been subjected to successive and rapid changes that modified its order and given rise to a constant state of certainty of uncertainties, as a fluid state of accelerated change and vagueness in the global scenario. For some authors we are living in an environment of Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity (VUCA), as for others in a Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear and Incomprehensible (BANI) scenario that affects organizations, with serious implications for their leadership and management. In the case of countries' military organizations, this affects the operations’ design, the type of equipment used and fundamentally their training, from which we highlight leadership. So, how is military leadership characterized in a VUCA world and BANI scenario? According to this research question we carried out a systematic literature review with a qualitative approach doing an update of a previous similar study carried out by the authors, looking for new publications that could enrich the comprehension of the topic. Thus, studies were searched in different databases, according to the selected criteria. Guided by the review question we adopt the PRISMA protocol for screening process divided into three phases: identification, screening and inclusion of studies. So, eleven studies were added . Data collected point out that as traditional leadership models are unable to faithfully reflect the modelling of new challenges and realities and military leadership in a VUCA world and BANI scenario is characterized by a complex combination of competencies in a personal, relational and organizational level. Among them the capacity to think out of the box, to be creative, innovative, intuitive, resilient, flexible and adaptative, based on a state of constant awareness and mindfulness to see the global situation and make the best decisions. No other study was found addressing the same research question. So, it seems to be the first study to systematically analyze military leadership in a VUCA environment. This way, it can be a contribution to understanding this topic and to frame future empirical studies.

CO2 transport in supercritical state: Nikiski, Alaska pipeline study

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) in the supercritical state, being denser yet less viscous, is suitable for long‐distance transportation. Despite this well‐known principle, implementing an operational scheme with appropriate inlet pressure and mass flow rate for supercritical CO2 (srCO2) transportation is challenging due to the complex interplay among state variables, fluid properties, pipeline dimensions and materials, and the intricate boundary and ambient conditions surrounding the pipeline. This paper utilizes PIPESIM software to conduct a feasibility study of srCO2 transportation over a 10‐mile‐long model pipeline in the Cook Inlet region of Alaska, USA. The study aims to understand the limitations of operational parameters and develop a scheme for selecting feasible parameters for srCO2 transportation. Considering geographic location, elevation profiles, and ambient conditions, the simulations calculated pressure and temperature profiles, erosion kinetics, and fluid states for various conditions derived from a combinatorial set of pipeline diameters ranging from 11 to 16 in, inlet pressures between 1,400 and 1,900 psia, and mass flow rates from 10 to 275 lbm/s, with an inlet temperature of 200 °F. The major findings indicate that larger pressure losses are expected in smaller pipelines that are well‐insulated and/or operated at lower inlet pressures. Turbulent flow is more likely to occur in smaller pipelines and at higher mass flow rates, potentially altering the state of the transported fluid. The parametric modeling results provide a scenario‐driven approach to determining a feasible range of mass flow rates, pipeline inner diameters, and inlet pressures for srCO2 transportation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying morphology transition in two-component DNA-protein cophase separation.

Nucleic acid and protein co-condensates exhibit diverse morphologies crucial for fundamental cellular processes. Despite many previous studies that advanced our understanding of this topic, several interesting biophysical questions regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms remain. We investigated DNA and human transcription factor p53 co-condensates-a scenario where neither dsDNA nor the protein demonstrates phase-separation behavior individually. Through a combination of experimental assays and theoretical approaches, we elucidated: (1) the phase diagram of DNA-protein co-condensates at a certain observation time, identifying a phase transition between viscoelastic fluid and viscoelastic solid states, and a morphology transition from droplet-like to "pearl chain"-like co-condensates; (2) the growth dynamics of co-condensates. Droplet-like and "pearl chain"-like co-condensates share a common initial critical microscopic cluster size at the nanometer scale during the early stage of phase separation. These findings provide important insights into the biophysical mechanisms underlying multi-component phase separation within cellular environments.

Spectral location for the universal scaling regime in Martian atmospheric turbulence

Atmospheric turbulence, irregular fluctuations of the fluid state, is studied on Mars. Universality of the turbulence spectrum underpins atmospheric models where computational requirements preclude full fidelity simulations of the smallest scales. However, there are discrepancies among reports on the existence and spectral location of universal scaling in Martian atmospheric data. Here, results indicate the smallest resolvable structures from Martian wind speed data are still associated with the energetic regime, which may ultimately explain why multiple reports have not found a consistent Kolmogorov-like spectral regime on Mars. Universal spectral scaling of wind data from Perseverance’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is used to estimate the thresholds that separate three turbulence regimes: energetic, inertial, and molecular dissipation. Wind measurements at 2-Hz, the fastest sampling rate for direct wind sensor measurements on Mars, resolves turbulence in the energetic regime and approaches the inertial regime, which is consistent with reported Martian dust devil sizes.

Modified F(R,T2)-Gravity Coupled with Perfect Fluid Admitting Hyperbolic Ricci Soliton Type Symmetry

In the present research note, we discuss the energy–momentum squared gravity model F(R,T2) coupled with perfect fluid. We obtain the equation of state for the perfect fluid in the F(R,T2)-gravity model. Furthermore, we deal with the energy–momentum squared gravity model F(R,T2) coupled with perfect fluid, which admits the hyperbolic Ricci solitons with a conformal vector field. We provide a clue in this series to determine the density and pressure in the radiation and phantom barrier periods, respectively. Also, we investigate the rate of change in hyperbolic Ricci solitons within the same vector field. In addition, we determine the different energy conditions, black holes and singularity conditions for perfect fluid attached to F(R,T2)-gravity in terms of hyperbolic Ricci solitons. Lastly, we deduce the Schrödinger equation for the potential Un with hyperbolic Ricci solitons in the F(R,T2)-gravity model coupled with perfect fluid and a phantom barrier.

Fluctuation Phenomena in Single Injection Solid State Spherical Devices under Amorphous Regime

Fluctuation effects in single injection solid-state sphere devices working in the amorphous regime are an interesting area of study that has effects on the stability and performance of electronic devices. This study looks into how changes in these devices' working features affect them, focused on how they act when they are in a fluid state. Solid-state sphere devices have unique electrical and structure properties. These properties are more noticeable in amorphous materials, where the disorder of the atoms affects how charges move and how reliable the device is. We look at the fluctuation effects that happen during single injection processes, in which carriers are brought into the device from a single source. It is called an amorphous phase because there is no long-range order. The inserted charge carriers and the disordered atomic lattice respond in a complicated way. The device's efficiency measures, like charge build up, current-voltage traits, and noise levels, change a lot because of this interaction. In order to describe these changes, our research uses both practical and theoretical methods. We use advanced measurement methods to find out about electrical reactions and noise bands, and we're also making theoretical models to figure out how the things we see happen. The results show that changes are affected by things like carrier trapping, limited states, and dynamic disorder in the amorphous material. The results of this study help us learn more about how stable and reliable single-injection solid-state sphere devices are in amorphous environments. These results could help improve the performance of amorphous materials used in many electronic and optical systems by making device designs more efficient.

Electro-osmotic flow instability of viscoelastic fluids in a nanochannel

The study of the complex rheological properties of viscoelastic fluids in nanochannels will facilitate the application of nanofluidics in biomedical and other fields. However, the flow of viscoelastic fluids in nanochannels has significant instabilities, and numerical simulation failures are prone to occur at high Weissenberg numbers (Wi). In this study, the simplified Phan-Thien-Tanner viscoelastic fluid model is solved using the log-conformation tensor approach, and the effects of rheological parameters of the viscoelastic fluid, such as the Weissenberg number (Wi), extensibility parameter (ε), and viscosity ratio (β), on the flow characteristics and flow instability within the nanochannel are investigated. The results indicate that the variation of rheological parameters of viscoelastic fluids has a significant effect on the flow state and flow instability of fluids in nanochannels. When the rheological parameters are in a specific range, the flow velocity and outlet current in the nanochannel exhibit relatively regular periodic fluctuations. As the flow transitions from an up-and-down moving single-vortex state to a symmetric double-vortex state, the average velocity of the central axis in the nanochannel is increased by about 15%. Furthermore, when Wi increases from 150 to 400, the length and height of the vortex increase by 50% and 100%, respectively.

Cold-subduction biogeodynamics boosts deep energy delivery to the forearc

Metamorphic fluids in subduction zones carry C–H–N–O–P–S species, which are crucial for sustaining subsurface microbial life at shallower crustal depths in the forearc region. Upwards migration of deeply released fluids to shallower levels, where temperatures permit the persistence of microbial life, is recorded by metasomatic rocks formed along the plate interface. Variations in the redox state and component speciation of metamorphic fluids – from local to secular, and highly dependent on thermal gradients and redox state of subduction inputs – may strongly control microbial pathways or even the possibility for metamorphic fluids to sustain microbial communities in the subsurface biosphere at convergent plate margins. We show that metamorphic fluids containing reduced energy sources for microbial life – e.g., CH4, H2 – are common in Phanerozoic, high-pressure/low-temperature plate-interface metasomatic rocks such as jadeitites and albitites worldwide. Based on the stability fields of minerals hosting CH4, H2 and graphite inclusions, we pinpoint the protracted, probably episodic migration of energy sources in the mantle wedge via fluid circulation being mediated by jadeitites from > ca. 35 km depth, and by their retrogressed counterparts forming from between 35–15 km depth. These fluids can cross the so-called biotic fringe – whose limit is the depth corresponding to ca. 122–135 °C (as deep as ca. 13 km depth depending on geothermal gradients) – as suggested by previous documentation of slab-derived fluids reaching subsurface microbial communities. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that cool thermal gradients, possibly combined with increased inputs of organic matter-rich sediments into subduction, favor the abundance of reduced energy sources relative to more oxidized species (e.g., CO2), thus promoting the proliferation of subsurface microbial life at convergent margins.

Investigation the Impact of Different Injection Agents on Tight Oil Reservoirs of Recovery Performance

Abstract Objectives/Scope: Due to strong water sensitivity and extremely low permeability, conventional water flooding method is not suitable for the Mahu Conglomerate reservoir. In response to the complex reservoir physical properties, different injection agents such as CO2, N2, water and air huff and puff injection were carried out in order to optimize injection parameters for enhanced oil recovery in tight conglomerate reservoirs. Methods, Procedures, Process: By means of NMR, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum, pore fluids state in different media after different agents displacement were studied. Displacement and CT testing on different media and post fracturing state were conducted. Through experiments on on-site cores from two different layers, three different injection media (H2O, N2, CO2 and air with different O2 concentration) were tested for enhanced oil recovery. Then, the injection process was performed under different injection pressures. Finally, multiple cycles of enhanced oil recovery tests were conducted corresponding optimal injection pressures. Results, Observations, Conclusions: The remaining oil in the pores is mainly in free and bound states, with a free state of approximately 58% and a bound state of approximately 42%. Four pressures were selected for this test based on the minimum miscibility pressure of CO2 with crude oil: 15MPa, 20MPa, 23MPa, and 25MPa. The recovery factor under different pressures is 6.44%, 8.14%, 10.31%, and 10.38%, respectively. As the huff and puff pressure increases, the recovery of CO2 huff and puff gradually increases, and the increase of recovery is insignificant when the mixture pressure is reached. The gas flooding process involves oil production from large and submicron pores first. As the displacement pressure difference increases, oil production from large pores decreases, with medium pores becoming the main force of oil production, while oil production from nanoscale micropores shows an increasing trend. The increase in oxygen content results in significant development of sub-micron micron scale pores. The gas breakthrough time is long, the capillary force decreases, and air can undergo low-temperature oxidation with crude oil, resulting in an overall oil displacement efficiency of 65.81%. Novel/Additive Information: At present, there is few research on the pore fluid flow and status of oil displacement in tight conglomerate reservoirs with different injection media. This study provides a good understanding of the submicron to nanoscale pore throat structure characteristics of tight oil reservoirs, revealing the state of pore fluids in gravel after displacement by different injection media, and providing support for on-site application of CO2 enhanced oil recovery in tight conglomerate oil reservoirs.

Pore-Scale Mechanism Analysis of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Horizontal Well, Dissolver, Nitrogen, and Steam Combined Flooding in Reducer Systems with Different Viscosities for Heavy Oil Thermal Recovery

Horizontal well, dissolver, nitrogen, and steam (HDNS) combined flooding is mainly applied to shallow and thin heavy oil reservoirs to enhance oil recovery. Due to the lack of pore-scale mechanism studies, it is impossible to clarify the oil displacement mechanism of each slug in the process combination and the influence of their interaction on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Therefore, in this study, HDNS combined flooding technology was simulated in a two-dimensional visualization microscopic model, and three viscosity reducer systems and multi-cycle combined flooding processes were considered. In combination with an emulsification and viscosity reduction experiment, two-dimensional microscopic multiphase seepage experiments were carried out to compare the dynamic seepage law and microscopic occurrence state of multiphase fluids in different systems. The results showed that the ability of three viscosity reducers to improve viscosity reduction efficiency in HDNS combined flooding was A > B > C, and their contributions to the recovery reached 65%, 41%, and 30%, respectively. In the system where a high viscosity reduction efficiency was shown by the viscosity reducer, the enhancements of both sweeping efficiency and displacement efficiency were primarily influenced by the viscosity reducer flooding. Steam flooding collaborated to improve displacement efficiency. The thermal insulation characteristics of N2 flooding may not provide a gain effect. In the system where a low viscosity reduction efficiency was shown by the viscosity reducer, the steam flooding was more important, contributing to 57% of the sweeping efficiency. Nitrogen was helpful for expanding the sweep area of the subsequent steam and viscosity reducer, and the gain effect of the thermal insulation steam chamber significantly improved the displacement efficiency of the subsequent steam flooding by 25%. The interaction of each slug in HDNS combined flooding resulted in the additive effect of increasing production. In actual production, it is necessary to optimize the process and screen the viscosity reducer according to the actual conditions of the reservoir and the characteristics of different viscosity reducers.

The logic of ambitious legislators in fluid party systems

AbstractClassic theories of political ambition assume relatively stable and programmatic party systems. However, in many parts of the world, ‘fluid’ or ‘inchoate’ party systems do not provide ambitious legislators with the electoral benefits associated with stable party brands. In this paper, we examine ambition in fluid party systems: What is the frequency of party switching for legislators who seek re‐election, and what are their characteristics? What incentives do parties create to push away or retain legislators? And which parties do ambitious legislators seek out? Using a systems approach, we argue that in fluid party systems, legislators' office‐seeking behavior is driven by their attitudes towards parties and their constituents, their prospective evaluation of party performance, and ideology. Incentives for politicians to switch parties act as negative feedback mechanisms which keep the party system stuck in a fluid state. We test the determinants of party switching using two data sources from Ecuador: a public records dataset of every legislator who earned re‐election from 1979 to 2021, and the Parliamentary Elites in Latin America (PELA) surveys of all legislators from 1994 to 2017. Both sources distinguish between switchers and non‐switchers. The results support the conclusion that ambitious legislators in fluid party systems are strategic actors that seek or keep parties to maximize their probability of re‐election—and thereby further exacerbate the party system's fluidity.

Detection of topology freezing transition temperature of vitrimers based on photonic coatings from photonic crystals and vitrimers

There are a few methods to measure topology freezing transition temperature (Tv) of vitrimers while the samples are needed to be under external force or additional substances. The novel photonic coatings from the lower photonic crystals (PCs) and the upper vitrimers are fabricated and used to detect Tv of vitrimers. The photonic coatings have photonic stopbands (or structural colors) because of PCs. When photonic coatings are heated, PCs from SiO2 spheres are stable, vitrimers are transformed from solid state to fluid state, light would be easily pierced through vitrimers and reflect off PCs, the intensities of reflection peaks of photonic coatings increase slowly, increase sharply and keep unchanged at three stages. So Tv of vitrimers are directly observed and obtained according to these great changes. The values of Tv of the vitrimers from different synthesis conditions are different. The novel method is simple, intuitive and without external force and additional substances. The photonic coatings also have good toluene-resistance and self-healing property. They have potential applications in detection of Tv of other vitrimers, displays, anti-counterfeiting and automotive coatings.

Tracing the Oxidizing State and Element‐Mobilizing Fluids in Continental Subduction Zones: Insights From the Granitic Melt‐Eclogite Interface

AbstractFluids in subduction zones significantly influence element mobility, isotope fractionation, and mass transfer. However, unraveling the source, composition, and redox state of fluids in continental subduction zones poses a significant challenge. This study focuses on a granitic melt‐eclogite contact interface, along with adjacent granite and eclogite from the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt in East China. The interface exhibits complex mineral assemblages, enriched rare earth elements (REEs), and high field strength elements (HFSEs). Zircon grains from the interface show an age of ∼217 ± 9 Ma, slightly later than peak metamorphism, along with the presence of coesite inclusions. These findings suggest that the interfacial fluid likely formed from the mixing of granitic anatectic melt and aqueous fluid from the eclogite during the initial exhumation of the Sulu terrane. The interaction resulted in the eclogite acquiring substantial REEs and HFSEs, suggesting the interfacial fluid's effective element‐transporting capability and potential supercritical fluid properties. Zircon Ce anomaly and Fe3+/Fe2+ oxybarometer data indicate a highly oxidizing interfacial fluid, analogous to arc magmas in oxygen fugacity. This led to the preferential loss of isotopically heavier Cr from the eclogite during fluid‐eclogite interaction, evidenced by heavier Cr isotopic compositions in the interface (δ53Cr = −0.04 to −0.05‰) compared to adjacent eclogite (δ53Cr as low as −0.11‰). In summary, our results highlight the presence of strong oxidizing and element‐mobilizing fluids in continental subduction zones, offering insights into supercritical fluid recognition and the genesis of oxidizing arc magmas in subduction zones.

Numerical simulation to influence of fluid distribution on acoustic attenuation coefficient in gas water two-phase fractured media

Abstract The equivalent fluid model simplifies the actual distribution state of fluid, and the relationship between rock elastic properties and pore fluid parameters established by the equivalent fluid model usually deviates greatly from the experimental results. A random discrete fracture model is established, and the gas-water two-phase distribution in fracture pores is described in detail. Based on the acoustic wave theory, the finite difference numerical simulation of the acoustic wave field of the rock sample model is carried out. The variation law of acoustic attenuation coefficient with saturation under the different pore fluid distribution modes is analyzed. It is of great significance to the prediction of rock pore structure and the identification of reservoir fluid.

Molecular dynamics of quantitative evaluation of confined fluid behavior in nanopores media and the influencing mechanism: Pore size and pore geometry

Understanding the potential mechanisms of reservoir fluid storage, transport, and oil recovery in shale matrices requires an accurate and quantitative evaluation of the fluid behavior and phase state characteristics of the confined fluid in nanopores as well as the elucidation of the mechanisms within complex pore structures. The research to date has preliminary focused on the fluid behavior and its influencing factors within a single nanopore morphology, with limited attention of the role of pore structures in controlling fluid behavior and a lack of quantitative methods for characterizing the phase state of fluids. To address this gap, we utilize molecular dynamics simulations to examine the phase state characteristics of confined fluids across various pore sizes and geometries, revealing the mechanisms by which wall boundary conditions influence fluid behavior. We use the simulation results to validate the accuracy and applicability of the quantitative characterization model for fluid phase state properties. Our findings show that the phase state features of fluids differ significantly between slit-like and cylindrical pores, with lower absorption limits in pore sizes of 2.8 and 7 nm, respectively. Based on pore sizes, we identified three regions of confined fluid phases and determined that the influence of the adsorbed state fraction on fluid phase state cannot be ignored for pores smaller than approximately 85 nm. Additionally, cylindrical pores interact with the internal fluids about 1.8 times stronger than slit-like pores.

Factors influencing residual air saturation during consecutive imbibition processes in an air-water two-phase fine sandy medium – A laboratory-scale experimental study

The residual air saturation plays a crucial role in modeling hydrological processes of groundwater and the migration and distribution of contaminants in subsurface environments. However, the influence of factors such as media properties, displacement history, and hydrodynamic conditions on the residual air saturation is not consistent across different displacement scenarios. We conducted consecutive drainage-imbibition cycles in sand-packed columns under hydraulic conditions resembling natural subsurface environments, to investigate the impact of wetting flow rate, initial fluid state, and number of imbibition rounds (NIR) on residual air saturation. The results indicate that residual air saturation changes throughout the imbibition process, with variations separated into three distinct stages, namely, unstable residual air saturation (Sgr-u), momentary residual air saturation (Sgr-m), and stable residual air saturation (Sgr). The results also suggest that the transition from Sgr-u to Sgr is driven by changes in hydraulic pressure and gradient; the calculated values followed the following trend: Sgr > Sgr-u > Sgr-m. An increase in capillary number, which ranged from 1.46 × 10−7 to 3.07 × 10−6, increased Sgr-u and Sgr-m in some columns. The increase in Sgr ranged from 0.034 to 0.117 across all the experimental columns; this consistent increase can be explained by water film expansion at the primary wetting front along with a strengthening of the hydraulic gradient during water injection. Both the pre-covered water film on the sand grain surface and a pore-to-throat aspect ratio of up to 4.42 were identified as important factors for the increased residual air saturation observed during the imbibition process. Initial air saturation (Sai) positively influenced all three types of residual air saturation, while initial capillary pressure (Pci) exhibited a more pronounced inhibitory effect on residual air saturation, as it can partly characterized the initial connectivity of the air phase generated under different drying flow rates. Under identical wetting flow rate conditions, Sgr was higher during the second imbibition than during the first imbibition due to variations in initial fluid state, involving both fluid distribution and the concentration of dissolved air in the pore water. In contrast, NIR did not have an obvious effect on the three types of residual air saturation. This work aims to provide empirical evidences and offer further insights into the capture of non-wetting phases in groundwater environments, as well as to put forward some potential suggestion for future investigations on the retention and migration of contaminants that involves multiphase interface interactions in subsurface environments.

Xenon fluid state model and evaluation of working medium in satellite electric propulsion system

Xenon, the working medium of satellite electric propulsion system, is easy to enter the supercritical state, and does not follow the ideal gas equation of state in filling and in-orbit application. The error of fluid state and parameter evaluation of xenon is large. In view of this difficulty, the working fluid state test system and test method of xenon were established. The saturation vapor pressure, gas phase PVT and supercritical PVT characteristics of xenon were tested. A new saturation vapor pressure equation of xenon was established. The relative deviation between the saturated vapor pressure test results and the NIST equation is less than 0.2 %. The Helmholtz equation established on the basis of xenon experimental data has a high accuracy, and the deviation from the experimental data is less than 0.5 % within 273 K–358 K. In 358 K–373 K, the deviation from the test data is better than 0.05 %, and the second dimension coefficient is used to prove the accuracy and reliability of the model, which provides a state model for satellite xenon filling and in-orbit application.

Control of colloidal cohesive states in active chiral fluids

Ensembles of suspended spinning particles in liquids form a distinct category of active matter systems known as chiral fluids. Recent experimental instances of dense chiral fluids have comprised of spinning colloidal magnets powered by an external rotating magnetic field. These particles interact through both magnetic and hydrodynamic forces, organizing collectively into circulating clusters characterized by unidirectional edge flows. Here, we externally drive the collective behavior of spinning colloids by leveraging diffusiophoretic interactions among the geometrically anisotropic particles. We show that these nanoscale interfacial flows lead to the formation of bound states between spinning colloids that are stabilized through near-field hydrodynamic and chemical interactions. At a collective level, we demonstrate that added diffusiophoretic interactions cause a loss in structural cohesion of the circulating clusters and promote expansion, while preserving global cluster inter-connectivity. The expanded cluster state is characterized by the formation of a dynamic interconnected network promoted by axi-asymmetric interactions around particles with attractive dipolar interactions dominating along the direction of the magnetic moment. This process is observed to be entirely reversible, offering external control over the emergent dynamics in dense chiral fluids, paving the way for new self-organization routes in chiral fluids and broader forms of active matter.

Significance of nanoparticle aggregation for thermal transport over magnetized sensor surface

Abstract This article explores the dynamics of nanofluids consisting of copper (TiO2) nanoparticles suspended in water, as they interact with sensor surfaces between two parallel squeezing plates with porous characteristics. This research specifically targets applications involving enhanced heat transfer and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control in nanofluid systems. The primary aim is to analyze the effects of nanoparticle aggregation and non-aggregation on sensor surfaces, considering MHD formations and heat transfer in the energy and momentum equations. The research adopts a steady-state fluid condition and utilizes similarity transformations to convert partial differential equations into more manageable ordinary differential equations. The methodology involves shooting methods for solving these nonlinear ordinary differential equations and employs graphical analyses to study the impacts of various parameters such as permeability, magnetic influence, squeeze flow, and radiation on the temperature and velocity profiles of the nanofluid. The results reveal significant dependencies of temperature and velocity profiles on the studied parameters, illustrating varied behaviors in scenarios of both aggregation and non-aggregation of nanoparticles. The findings emphasize how each parameter distinctively influences the heat and flow characteristics of the nanofluid, offering insights into optimizing conditions for better performance and control in practical applications. Future research could focus on extending the model to include transient fluid states and exploring the effects of other nanoparticle materials and shapes. There is also potential to investigate the interactions under different environmental conditions and to incorporate more complex boundary conditions to simulate real-world applications more accurately. Further experimental validation of the theoretical predictions would be beneficial to enhance the reliability and applicability of the findings.