Fluid Monitoring System Research Articles

IoT Intravenous Bag Monitoring and Alert System

The day-to-day monitoring of patients in a hospital is a challenging task under our existing medical care system. During Health Hazard times like Covid 19 physicians or nurses are too busy to keep track of every patient. This leads to numerous issues. Work relating to health should be completed correctly and accurately. Saline or intravenous (IV) fluid injections into patient veins are an example of this kind of activity in our hospitals. Inadequate drip system monitoring can result in issues like blood loss, fluid backflow, and other issues. We present a solution called the IoT Intravenous Bag Monitoring and Alert System in order to lessen the strain and resolve such a dire issue in the domain of an intravenous drip monitoring system. Healthcare workers found themselves overburdened at the height of the Covid-19 Epidemic due to the constant influx of new patients. Frontline staff members cannot directly monitor and care for every patient during such periods. A medical procedure called Intravenous treatment is used to inject nutrients, medicines, and fluids straight into a patient's vein. IV therapy is essential to aid a patient in recovering quickly because it is frequently used to rehydrate and supply nutrients. Nonetheless, IV drips require routine inspection and replacement. Depending on the patient and their condition, the fluid flow must also be measured. The Weight Sensor used by this IoT intravenous fluid monitoring system detects when the fluid level in the IV infusion bottle drops and broadcasts the information over IoT.

Design of Real-Time Monitoring System for Cutting Fluids

The paper describes the design and implementation of a cutting fluid monitoring system, as well as the design and development of an algorithm to increase the life of the cutting fluid in the machine tool reservoir. Cutting fluids are the most common type of coolant in machining. During its use, it becomes contaminated and gradually degrades until it needs to be replaced with fresh fluid. To increase its effective service life, its parameters should be monitored at regular intervals, and corrective measures such as topping up the fluid quantity and adding inhibitors and additives should be taken if necessary. For this purpose, a conceptual design of a monitoring device was developed, and a prototype device was subsequently manufactured. The device is designed as a floating probe in the storage tank. Therefore, its shape had to be designed to accommodate multiple sensors, batteries, and electronic components while remaining floating and watertight. The designed prototype was made by additive manufacturing and placed in a cutting fluid while being measured at regular intervals. In the event of non-compliant parameters, the algorithm generated corrective actions, and the machine operator could take the required steps to significantly increase the lifetime of the cutting fluid.

Radiochemical monitoring of geothermal systems: Case study Bruchsal (Upper Rhine Graben)

The application of inhibitors is an appropriate approach to avoid radionuclide-bearing precipitations within geothermal infrastructures. To select a suitable inhibitor, it is crucial to obtain detailed data sets provided by the fluid monitoring system. The present study offers data on the radiochemical monitoring system installed at the Bruchsal geothermal power plant in Germany. The monitoring program focuses on analyzing naturally occurring Th–U series radionuclides in both the NaCl brine and the mineral scalings precipitating in various plant components. By regular monitoring of the local dose rate all over the surface installation, the plant operator additionally meets its obligation concerning employee safety. The results of the fluid study show a preferred solubility of Ra, Rn and Pb isotopes. Mineralogical and radiochemical investigations reveal barite/celestine solid solutions as typical scale-forming minerals enriched in long-lived Ra isotopes (226Ra, 228Ra) and partly 228Th. Beside sulfate-rich scalings, mixed sulfides, mainly made of Fe, Pb, Sb and As, comprise a significant part of scales containing radioactive 210Pb. Applying 228Ra/226Ra and 228Th/228Ra dating methods expose that the age of these scalings varies between 2.6 and 7.7 years. This range in age reflects the periodic sulfate deposition marked by strong discontinuities in consequence of different operating phases of the geothermal plant.

IoT-based automatic intravenous fluid monitoring system for smart medical environment

Over the last few years, many healthcare centres are adopting advancements done in many sophisticated technologies in order to assure the fast recovery of patients. Almost in all hospitals, a caretaker is responsible for the monitoring of intravenous fluid levels. Usually, most of the caretakers forget to change the bottle at the correct time due to their busy schedule, as a result of which the patient may face problems of reverse flow of blood towards the bottle. To address this issue, an IoT based automatic intravenous fluid monitoring system is proposed. With the installation of proposed device, the constant need of monitoring by the staff will be reduced, especially during night hours, thus decreasing the chance to harm the patient and increase the accuracy of healthcare in hospitals. Also, this system will avoid the fatal risk of air embolisms entering the patient's blood stream which leads to immediate death.

IoT-based automatic intravenous fluid monitoring system for smart medical environment

Over the last few years, many healthcare centres are adopting advancements done in many sophisticated technologies in order to assure the fast recovery of patients. Almost in all hospitals, a caretaker is responsible for the monitoring of intravenous fluid levels. Usually, most of the caretakers forget to change the bottle at the correct time due to their busy schedule, as a result of which the patient may face problems of reverse flow of blood towards the bottle. To address this issue, an IoT based automatic intravenous fluid monitoring system is proposed. With the installation of proposed device, the constant need of monitoring by the staff will be reduced, especially during night hours, thus decreasing the chance to harm the patient and increase the accuracy of healthcare in hospitals. Also, this system will avoid the fatal risk of air embolisms entering the patient's blood stream which leads to immediate death.

The use of the reds noninvasive lung fluid monitoring system to assess readiness for discharge in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure: A pilot study

BackgroundInadequate decongestion is common in hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients and may contribute to readmissions. Our purpose was to use remote dielectric sensing (ReDS) technology to measure lung congestion at discharge in patients admitted with acute HF and to see if a device-targeted intervention could reduce HF readmission rates. MethodsWe conducted a prospective pilot study of patients admitted with acute decompensated HF randomized to receive standard therapy or ReDS-guided therapy to determine the timing of hospital discharge based on the amount of lung congestion present after diuresis. ReDS measurement was performed for all patients once they were deemed ready for discharge. Patients in the treatment arm with residual lung congestion defined by ReDS ≥39% had HF consultation and further diuresis. ResultsOf 108 HF patients (50% male, age 73.6 ± 12.6 years, BMI 29.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2, EF 38.5 ± 15.1%, BNP 1138 ± 987 pg/mL), 32% demonstrated residual lung congestion at the time of proposed hospital discharge. ReDS guided therapy triggered additional diuresis in 30% (18/60) of the patients in the treatment arm (average weight loss 5.6 pounds, p = 0.02). 30-day HF readmission rates were similar in the treatment and the control arms (1.7% vs 4.2%; p = 0.44). Patients discharged as planned with residual lung congestion with ReDS ≥39% had higher 30-day readmission rate compared to patients who were adequately decongested at discharge with ReDS <39% (11.8% vs. 1.4%, p = 0.03). ConclusionIn our single-center cohort, ReDS testing demonstrated that 32% of HF patients deemed ready for discharge have clinically significant residual lung congestion which was associated with a higher risk of readmission. ReDS-guided management was associated with significant decongestion but not a reduction in HF readmissions in this sample.

Distance Control System to Increase Precision And Stability of Glass Cleaning Robot

Glass is a widely used material today. One of them is as a window of a building. As the material is easily broken, glass is very vulnerable in the cleaning process. This causes the process of cleaning the glass cannot be done carelessly. To overcome these problems, one of them is to replace the work done by humans with machines or robots. The glass cleaning robot was created as a glass cleaner replacing the conventional workforce. One of the most important elements in the operation of glass cleaner robots is the robot glass distance control system against glass edges using proximity sensors. At a distance of 35 cm, the proximity sensor will send a signal back to the microcontroller and forwarded to the input dc motor so that the value changes rpm on the motor with pwm value of 205 each for the left motor and 150 for the right motor for 1 second so that The robot will turn clockwise. From the tested, gotten the response of distance control system based on the PWM value vs time. It shows that the system has a good response to listing programs that have been created. It does not have a research value different from the setting point and fast to achieve stable conditions. In the design of cleaning fluid monitoring system on glass cleaning robot used water level sensor. It used Bluetooth as a wireless system to display height of water in container cleaning fluid.

Intravenous Drip Monitoring System

In Medical field, many devices to introduce a drastic change for monitoring the body measures like blood pressure, heart beat rate, diagnosis of heart attack symptoms and much more automatically with interdisciplinary nature. Health care system is becoming more valuable for these days. In this proposed system the IV fluid monitoring system automatically sends a message to the nurse through GSM technology. Our project is aimed to automatically turn off the flow of a liquid from the IV bag by using the solenoid valve. The pulse rate and the blood pressure of the patient is continuously monitored and displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD). This technology reduces the work of the nurse instead of keep on watching of an IV Fluid system. One of the greatest advantages of our project is the ease interface with users which functionally can be managed by means of mobile application.

A Handheld and Textile-Enabled Bioimpedance System for Ubiquitous Body Composition Analysis. An Initial Functional Validation.

In recent years, many efforts have been made to promote a healthcare paradigm shift from the traditional reactive hospital-centered healthcare approach towards a proactive, patient-oriented, and self-managed approach that could improve service quality and help reduce costs while contributing to sustainability. Managing and caring for patients with chronic diseases accounts over 75% of healthcare costs in developed countries. One of the most resource demanding diseases is chronic kidney disease (CKD), which often leads to a gradual and irreparable loss of renal function, with up to 12% of the population showing signs of different stages of this disease. Peritoneal dialysis and home haemodialysis are life-saving home-based renal replacement treatments that, compared to conventional in-center hemodialysis, provide similar long-term patient survival, less restrictions of life-style, such as a more flexible diet, and better flexibility in terms of treatment options and locations. Bioimpedance has been largely used clinically for decades in nutrition for assessing body fluid distributions. Moreover, bioimpedance methods are used to assess the overhydratation state of CKD patients, allowing clinicians to estimate the amount of fluid that should be removed by ultrafiltration. In this work, the initial validation of a handheld bioimpedance system for the assessment of body fluid status that could be used to assist the patient in home-based CKD treatments is presented. The body fluid monitoring system comprises a custom-made handheld tetrapolar bioimpedance spectrometer and a textile-based electrode garment for total body fluid assessment. The system performance was evaluated against the same measurements acquired using a commercial bioimpedance spectrometer for medical use on several voluntary subjects. The analysis of the measurement results and the comparison of the fluid estimations indicated that both devices are equivalent from a measurement performance perspective, allowing for its use on ubiquitous e-healthcare dialysis solutions.

The sedimentation of magneto-rheological fluid monitoring system based on resistivity measuring

The aim of the research was to determine the resistivity of magnetorheological fluid in magnetic field when sedimentation occurs. The resistivity was measured with special created device. Three sections of magnetorheological fluid contained in glass tube were measured: top of the fluid, the middle and the bottom. The resistivity of the fluid was measured when it was conditioning and after constant time intervals. The resistivity changing showed that the results were suitable to the procedure for estimating the sedimentation of magnetorheological fluids. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.22.5.14958

Alteration of fluid properties during the initial operation of a geothermal plant: results from in situ measurements in Groß Schönebeck

Recently, the thermal fluid loop has been established and continuosly operated for 7 days at the geothermal in situ laboratory in Gros Schonebeck (North German Basin). During this initial phase of fluid production, the fluid temperature, measured at the surface, continuously increased until a stable value of about 98 °C was established. Fluid physicochemical properties (pH, redox, density, temperature, and pressure) were measured online and in situ with a newly developed fluid monitoring system (FluMo). Additionally, fluid samples have been collected at various temperatures (in 5–10 °C steps) directly at the production well at about 10 bar pressure. From the pressurized sampling tool, the fluid was directly transferred into a heated autoclave, which allowed filtration (0.2 μm) in the absence of oxygen. Physicochemical parameters [pH, redox, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS)] as well as acid capacity (K S 4.3) of these samples have been measured onsite at atmospheric conditions. Concentrations of anions, total organic carbon, and metals were analyzed later in the laboratory. Both, measurements in collected samples or in situ (FluMo) analysis of most the parameters density, electric conductivity, or TDS indicated relatively constant values over the whole production time (1.17–1.18 g · cm−3, 215–221 mS · cm−1, 241–260 g · L−1, respectively). Good correlation was also found for pH values (pH = 6.6–6.9), whereas the redox values varied between −1 and 46 mV when determined at 25 °C and decreased strongly when measured in situ with increasing temperature (−110 mV at 90 °C). The elemental composition of collected samples remained also relatively constant for most compounds and was clearly higher as compared with samples collected in 2011. Results of this study demonstrate that realistic, comprehensive, and time-resolved physicochemical data can be obtained by FluMo. These detailed data sets can be crucial to understand the complex geochemical processes in a thermal water loop and eventually to take required measures on time.

Monitoring Changes in Fluid Status With a Wireless Multisensor Monitor: Results From the Fluid Removal During Adherent Renal Monitoring (FARM) Study

Body fluid assessment is important for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF). However, accurate detection of fluid retention remains elusive. The Fluid Removal During Adherent Renal Monitoring (FARM) study is a prospective, nonrandomized trial examining the performance of a wireless, noninvasive, multisensor fluid monitoring system, applied to the chest, to determine its performance and reliability during hemodialysis. Patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (n=25) were monitored continuously for 2 consecutive dialysis sessions and the interdialysis period. Physiologic variables, including tissue impedance, were recorded. The volume of fluid removed and weight change during dialysis were measured. An average of 3.4±1.2 L of fluid was removed during dialysis, which was associated with an increase in bioimpedance of 11.3±7.2 Ω. Change in bioimpedance was highly correlated with the amount of fluid removed but less so with weight loss. Normalized bioimpedance change (21.0%±12.1% increase from baseline, P<001) was larger than the normalized weight change (3.6%±1.1%, P<.01), suggesting a higher sensitivity and dynamic range than weight change for detecting fluid removal. The fluid monitoring system accurately tracked fluid and weight loss in patients during hemodialysis, supporting its use as a tool for the management of patient fluid status in disease states.

Intrathoracic Fluid Monitoring System (OptiVol) Proved Useful for Earlier Detection of Heart Failure (HF) and Asymptomatic Electrical Storm of Slow VT: A Case Report

We report a case of 78-year-old man with dilated form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An ICD (Secura, Medtronic Inc.) was implanted for drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia (VT). He received remote home monitoring system (CareLink) including intrathoracic fluid monitoring system (OptiVol). On December 9, 2010, he suffered from general fatigue, but did not have any symptom due to VT. At midnight on December 15, the OptiVol alert due to severe increase of OptiVol fluid index was automatically transmitted. On the next day, we received the alert. In the transmitted data, we found that 85 episodes of sustained VT (mean HR 143 bpm) had occurred and antitachycardia pacing (ATP) was performed 243 times for the VT since December 9. He was diagnosed as HF due to electrical storm of slow VT and admitted emergently on the same day. He received medical treatment for HF and VT. Eventually, he underwent RFCA for VT because of resistance to medication. Finally, we succeeded in terminating the VT by RFCA and improving HF. He had asymptomatic electrical storm of VT, which developed into HF. In this case, the OptiVol alert provided the earlier detection of HF and consequently gave a chance to find out the asymptomatic electrical storm of slow VT resistant to repeated ATP.

산업공정상의 유체 유동 모니터링 시스템 설계 및 구현

본 논문에서는 MFC(Mass Flow Controller) 유닛으로부터 전송된 유체의 압력을 모니터하고 흐름 제어 기능을 수행하는 유체 유동 모니터링 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 MFC 유닛과 채널 디바이스, 모니터 및 관리 소프트웨어로 구성된다. MFC 유닛은 유체 압력 값을 측정하여 채널 디바이스로 전송하고, 채널 디바이스는 MFC 유닛과 모니터 및 관리 소프트웨어간의 입출력 인터페이스를 제공하는 기능을 한다. 모니터 및 관리 소프트웨어는 각 채널의 MFC 유닛에서 실시간으로 측정한 유체 압력 값을 모니터링하여 분석하고 제어한다. 이 소프트웨어는 20개의 채널과 0.1의 모니터링 주기로 구성하여 1초당 200개 즉, 1시간당 72만개의 데이터를 처리한다. 이때 입력 데이터 수의 증가에 따라 저장 공간도 비례하여 증가한다. 이러한 데이터 수의 증가와 저장 공간의 증가는 데이터 조회 성능을 저하시키기 때문에 데이터를 효율적으로 관리할 수 있는 변경값 감지 기법과 변경 범위 감지 기법으로 구현한다. In this paper, we propose an industrial fluid monitoring system which performs the flow control function and monitors fluid pressure transmitted from MFC(Mass Flow Controller) unit. This system consists of MFC unit, channel device, and monitoring management software. MFC unit transmits the measured data of the fluid pressure to the channel device which would provide the input/output interface between management software, monitoring and MFC unit. The monitoring and management software control and analyze by monitoring real time measurements of fluid pressure from each channel of MFC unit. This software can process 20 channels and 0.1 monitoring cycle which gives 200 data measurement per second (i.e., 720,000 data/hour). At this time, the storage space increases in proportion to the rise of input data. This growth of data and storage space makes loss of data access efficiency. Therefore, it demands the implementation by sensing scheme of change scope and data, which can effectively manage the data.

Frühwarnsystem zur Flüssigkeitsüberwachung der Lunge bei terminaler Herzinsuffizienz

A 38-year-old man was admitted for increasing dyspnea, nausea and emesis during the preceding year. Clinically he was in heart failure NYHA stage III. He had not been on any regular medication and had no other medical complaints. Physical examination revealed a pulse of 100/min., hypotension (100/60 mmHg) and jugular vein distension. Bilateral pulmonary rales were noted on auscultation. A slight edema of both lower legs was noted. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed complete left bundle branch block with a QRS duration of 160 ms. Chest x-ray revealed cardiomegaly with pulmonary vascular congestion. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated reduced left ventricular function with an ejection fraction of 10-15%. Left heart catheterization excluded coronary heart disease and confirmed the decreased left ventricular function. Medical treatment for heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy was initiated without significant improvement in clinical status. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was therefore performed with implantation of a biventricular pacer with defibrillator (CRT-D) and a fluid status monitoring system (OptiVol). Subsequently the patient was able to increase his physical activity to NYHA class II and was followed in our outpatient clinic. Since initial treatment the patient has been seen twice for clinical signs of pulmonary edema. Both times the fluid monitoring system of the CRT-D gave an alarm signal early enough to allow cardiac re-compensation by expanding the current medication. Both times hospital admission was avoided. Cardiac resynchronization therapy has been established as an adjunct to optimal pharmacological therapy in eligible patients with severe heart failure. A fluid status monitoring system integrated into the device measures intrathoracic impedance, allowing patients to be alerted before the onset of symptoms of fluid overload. Thus, treatment can be adjusted and hospitalization is avoidable.