Fluid Carbon Dioxide Extraction Research Articles

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT AND OIL SILYBUM MARIANUM, GROWING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

The object of the study were the fruits of milk thistle spotted (Silybum marianum L.) and fatty oil obtained from them by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide.
 The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of fruits and fatty oil of milk thistle, growing in the Republic of Dagestan; to determine the quality and content of fatty acids in milk Thistle oil by gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection. It is established that the fruits of Silybum marianum: contains 26±1% fatty oil and 3.4% of flavolignans; characterized by a low content of potassium, magnesium and calcium and a high content of microelements: iron, copper, zinc, chromium, strontium, manganese. The content of cadmium and lead in fruits does not exceed the MPC for medicinal plant raw materials. The indicators of oil quality from Thistle fruits are determined: the number of saponification is 187, the essential number is 183, the acid number is 4, the iodine number is 115 and the peroxide number is 2.7.
 It was found that the main components of the oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide are: linoleic (omega-6) 64±2%; oleic (omega-9) 23±1%; palmitic 7.7±0.4%; stearic 3.0±0.2%; arachinic 1.5±0.7% and myristic acid 0.17±0.06%. In the oil from the fruit of Silybum marianum discovered: potassium 13; calcium 0.5; iron 0.2; chromium 0.2; magnesium and sodium at 0.1 mg/kg.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Selected Herbal Leaves: An Overview

Supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is one of new alternative extraction method that has been widely used to isolate bioactive components from variety of plant materials. The method was proved to be clean and safe, compatible for the extraction of edible products such as spices, food additives, medicines and nutritional supplement products compared to traditional extraction techniques such as solvent extraction, hydro distillation and steam distillation. The SC-CO2 extraction was known as highly influenced by its process parameter such as temperature and pressure for obtaining maximum yield. Therefore, a clear review on the optimum range of temperature and pressure for herbal leaves extraction using SC-CO2 is necessary for future reference. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of temperature and pressure of SC-CO2 process without modifier on extraction yield of some selected herbal leaves i.e clubmoss, drumstick leaves, kratom leaves, mallee and myrtle leaves. The values of investigated parameters were; pressure from 8.9 to 50 MPa and temperature from 35 to 80°C. The results showed that the highest extraction yields were obtained when the pressure and temperature were above 30 MPa and 40°C. The interaction between pressure and temperature for SC-CO2 extraction of plant leaves are crucial since the values cannot be very high or very low in order to preserve the quality of the extracts.

Cost of Uranium Complexes Obtaining by Supercritical Carbon Dioxed

A review of the uranium content in ores from different deposits of the world and contains the estimated cost of its production in Ukraine is presented. The quantitative characteristics of the uranium content in the tailings materials of the former uraniumprocessing plant - Production Association Pridneprovskiy Chemical Plant (PA "PCP") Dneprodzerzhinsk (since 2016 Kamensk city) is discussed. The method of supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) complexes of uranium-containing compounds for the extraction of uranium from tailings is proposed to use. The list of materials and reagents for SFE - CO2 from complexes of uranium-containing compounds is defined. The describing of procedures and their sequence for the sample preparation are done. The calculation of the cost of uranium extraction by SFE-CO2 from tailings PCP Dneprodzerzhinsk is presented. It is found that the production cost of uranium complexes may amount of 344.32 UAH/kg (13,77 USD/kg) to 457.08 UAH/kg (18,28 USD/kg) (at the rate of the NBU as of 28.01.2016 25,0054 UAH/USD).

Characterization of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol (MCT)-Enriched Seed Oil from Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Its Oxidative Stability

Medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT)-enriched oil was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide (SFE-CO(2)) from Cinnamomum camphora seeds. The SFE-CO(2) process was optimized using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). The maximum oil yield (42.82%) was obtained under the optimal SFE-CO(2) conditions: extraction pressure, 21.16 MPa; extraction temperature, 45.67 °C; and extraction time, 2.38 h. Subsequently, the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, tocopherol content, and DSC profile as well as oxidative stabilities of C. camphora seed oil (CCSO) were studied. Results showed that CCSO contained two major medium-chain fatty acids, capric acid (53.27%) and lauric acid (39.93%). The predominant TAG species in CCSO was LaCC/CLaC (ECN 32, 79.29%). Meanwhile, it can be found that CCSO had much higher oxidative stabilities than coconut oil due to the higher content of tocopherols in CCSO (α-tocopherol, 8.67 ± 0.51 mg/100 g; γ-tocopherol, 22.6 ± 1.02 mg/100 g; δ-tocopherol, 8.38 ± 0.47 mg/100 g). Conclusively, CCSO with such a high level of MCTs and high oxidative stabilities could be potentially applied in special food for specific persons such as weak patients and overweight persons because oils enriched in MCTs can be rapidly absorbed into body to provide energy without fat accumulation.

Extraction of tocopherol-enriched oils from Kalahari melon and roselle seeds by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2)

Tocopherol-enriched oil was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) from Kalahari melon and roselle seeds. The SFE-CO2 process was optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). Three SFE-CO2 parameters namely extracting pressure, extracting temperature, and flow rate of carbon dioxide were examined. The optimal SFE-CO2 conditions were determined and the quadratic response surfaces were drawn from the mathematical models. The optimal SFE-CO2 conditions for the extraction tocopherol-enriched oil from Kalahari melon seeds were: extracting pressure 290 bar, extracting temperature 58 °C, and flow rate of carbon dioxide 20 ml/min. The optimum conditions for roselle seeds were extracting pressure 200 bar, extracting temperature 80 °C, and flow rate of carbon dioxide 20 ml/min. These optimum conditions yielded tocopherol concentration of 274.74 and 89.75 mg/100 g oil from Kalahari seed and roselle seed, respectively. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were obtained between the experimental and predicted values.

Optimization of the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Natural Vitamin E from Wheat Germ Using Response Surface Methodology

ABSTRACT: Natural vitamin E was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide (SFE‐CO2) from wheat germ. Several SFE‐CO2 parameters, such as extracting pressure, extracting temperature, and flow rate of carbon dioxide were examined as the independent variables of central composite rotate design (CCRD). Through the response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal processing conditions were determined and the quadratic response surfaces were drawn from the mathematical models. The results demonstrated that the extracting pressure, temperature, pressure × temperature interaction, and flow rate of CO2 significantly affected the yield of the natural Vitamin E's extraction, while two interactions containing the flow rate of CO2 had no significant effect on the yield of natural vitamin E. The optimal processing conditions of the extraction of natural vitamin E in wheat germ by SFE‐CO2 were: extracting pressure 5000 PSI, extracting temperature 316 K, and flow rate of carbon dioxide 1.7 ml/min. Optimum value predicted by RSM for the concentration of natural vitamin E was 2307 mg/100g. Close agreement between experimental and predicted values was obtained.