Emotional Fluctuations Research Articles

Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Adolescent Girls on Pubertal Changes in a Selected Schools, Mangaluru

Abstract Background Adolescence represents a pivotal stage marked by various physical, psychological-emotional, and social transformations. Among these changes, puberty stands out as a significant characterized by hormonal shifts, physical alterations, and emotional fluctuations. Objectives The present study was aimed to assess perceived stress and coping strategies and find the relationship among adolescent girls on pubertal changes in a selected school in Mangaluru. Materials and Methods The study adopted the descriptive survey design among 205 adolescent girls recruited by using convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using self-developed stress rating scale and standardized brief-COPE. Results The study findings showed that the majority of the adolescent girls attained menarche at the age of 12 to 13 years and 72.7% of the adolescent girls perceived less level of stress, while 98% of the adolescent girls employed ineffective coping strategies on pubertal changes. The study findings also found that there was a moderate positive correlation between perceived stress and coping strategies (r = 0.480) among adolescent girls on pubertal changes. Conclusion The study concluded that adolescent girls have less stress on pubertal changes and employ ineffective coping strategies during pubertal changes.

The Contribution of Musical Terminology in Vocal Works to Performers’ Perception of Emotions

Musical terminology is the most indispensable part of the performer’s interpretation of the work, which promotes the development of the story plot and promotes the emotional fluctuations of the performer. This paper will take the opera excerpt “Les tringles des sistres” as the entry point, and explore the promoting changes of the musical terms appearing in the music to the performers’ emotional perception. Combined with the collected data and my own singing experience, this paper will analyze the music terms, emotional expression, music aesthetics and music emotional perception in multiple aspects. Based on their genres, music noumenon and other aspects, this paper expounds the promoting effect of music terms on performers’ emotional perception, and analyzes the promoting effect of music terms in vocal music works on performers’ emotional perception from the aspects of music aesthetics, stimulating effect of attention, music perception and music emotion perception.

Effectiveness of the re-engineered discharge (RED) care model in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This study aims to investigate whether the re-engineered discharge (RED) model can significantly improve the quality of life, enhance the health status, and reduce the levels of depression and anxiety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during hospitalization. This study selected 108 rheumatoid arthritis patients treated at our facility between February 2023 and February 2024. Based on the different treatment methods, these patients were divided into a control group and an observation group, with 54 patients in each group. During hospitalization, both groups received standardized routine care provided by the hospital. After discharge, the control group continued with regular follow-up visits, while the observation group received a more comprehensive and multidimensional extended care based on the RED model. The intervention period for both groups was set to 3 months. The core observation indicators of this study focused on the emotional fluctuations, symptom improvement, and changes in self-care ability of the patients before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the scores of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale in both groups showed significant decreases, with the scores in the observation group being significantly lower than those in the control group, showing a highly significant statistical difference (P < .01). Additionally, the joint pain scores in both groups were alleviated, reflected by shorter morning stiffness times, reduced joint swelling, and increased grip strength. The observation group had lower joint pain scores, shorter morning stiffness times, fewer swollen joints, and stronger grip strength, all of which were statistically significant (P < .01). Furthermore, the distribution of self-care abilities in the observation group showed a significant difference compared to the control group (P < .05), with the observation group having a higher proportion of self-care abilities, which was also statistically significant (P < .05). For patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the implementation of the RED model nursing strategy can significantly alleviate negative emotions, reduce the distress caused by symptoms, and markedly improve their quality of life, providing a more comfortable and reassuring treatment experience.

Topic modelling and sentiment analysis during COVID-19 revealed emotions changes for public health

Between 2020 and 2022, lockdown and restraining measures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in daily routines and also in language usage. At certain points during the pandemic, populations in some countries were unwilling or unlikely to respond to government messages, either because of the tone and analytic discourse used by leaders, or because they did not understand the messages. Linguistic markers and meanings were therefore linked to low levels of engagement, negative emotions and high levels of analytical thinking, especially in relation to the discourses of influential international leaders. We subjected sixteen speeches by eight country leaders to topic modelling and sentiment analysis in order to understand how the psychological functions of language were affected during two different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this topic analysis we organize 39,073 words collected from sixteen authentic speeches delivered in two different periods of the acute phase of the pandemic. These were encoded in the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count program (LIWC), with the main aim being to identify differences between the periods. We examined the following aspects: (1) the emotional tone, analytical thinking and clout (empathy dimension); (2) the changes in these three dimensions or factors between periods 1 and 2 (February and May 2020). We observed a negative relationship between emotional tone and analytical thinking and a positive relationship between clout and emotional tone. When we considered the changes in pandemic circumstances, the psycholinguistic profiles of eight country leaders demonstrated fluctuations in language and emotions. Further reviews and research should focus on the current language and deficit wording of this population (leaders). We also note that psychologists and schoolteachers can play an important role in supporting language programmes with positive wording and by emphasising the collateral effects of face-to-face classes when teaching children to read and write.

Breast Milk Feeding for Infants Who Required Major Surgery

ObjectiveTo identify barriers or facilitators that influenced mothers to provide mother’s own milk (MOM) for 6 months to their infants who were hospitalized in the NICU after major surgery. DesignDescriptive qualitative. SettingAn 80-bed, Level 4 NICU of a regional pediatric hospital in the western United States. ParticipantsFourteen mothers who provided MOM for their infants who required surgery within 1 week of age. MethodsWe conducted in-person interviews upon admission and discharge of the infant, phone interviews 1 and 2 weeks after discharge, and phone interviews monthly for 6 months or until discontinuance of the provision of MOM. We analyzed interviews using the Brooks thematic template analysis method. ResultsEleven infants received exclusive MOM at discharge, and nine infants remained on exclusive MOM at 6 months. We generated four principal themes from the participants’ comments: Value of Breast Milk, Challenges of Providing MOM, Emotional Fluctuation, and Coping With Reality of Circumstances. ConclusionInternalizing the value of MOM, family support, and coping with barriers were key factors that influenced participants to provide MOM for at least 4 months. Findings of this study suggest that prenatal education with anticipatory guidance and lactation support in the NICU can help mothers achieve the goal of extended provision of MOM to infants with serious conditions that require surgery. Education and support may be especially helpful for young, first-time mothers.

Beyond Empathy: Unveiling the Co-Creation Process of Emotions through a Wearable Device

Emotions fluctuate during the process of social interaction. Although the co-creation of emotions through organizational behavior has been discussed theoretically in existing research, there is no method to demonstrate how emotions are co-created. Instead, previous studies have paid much attention to empathy, in which a person’s emotions are contagious. In contrast to self-report, which is a traditional method that can only assess emotions at a single point in time and adapts to empathy, biometric technology has made it possible to analyze emotional fluctuations over time. However, previous studies have focused only on understanding the emotional fluctuations of individuals separately. In the present study, we developed a system to measure the co-creation of emotions using a wearable device. The pulse rate was converted into valence as a positive–negative emotion, and the fluctuations in valence were analyzed by cross-correlation. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system through triangulation by integrating biometrics with observation and self-report. The proposed system was verified to measure the co-creation of pair and group emotions using real-world data beyond laboratory settings. The present study contributes to business administration by proposing a critical concept for measuring the co-creation of emotions based on a constructionist approach.

Emotion recognition based on a limited number of multimodal physiological signals channels

Emotion constitutes a higher-order cognitive process, moreover, physiological signals can offer a more objective and realistically reflection of human emotional state. Electroencephalograph (EEG) signals, controlled by the central nervous system, are highly sensitive to emotional state fluctuations. Current research primarily focuses on recognizing emotions through feature extraction from multi-channel EEG signals. However, the acquisition of multi-channel EEG signals is hindered by difficulties acquiring from hair occlusion. The objective of this study is to construct a real-time physiological-emotion recognition model based on 2-channel EEG signals from the forehead without hair occlusion combined with 3-channel peripheral physiological (PPS) signals, employing signal preprocessing, feature extraction, feature normalization, and the ensemble learning algorithm Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). In this paper, thirty participants sequentially viewed fourteen virtual reality (VR) scenes, rated for valence and arousal using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scale after each scene. The 2-channel EEG signals and 3-channel PPS signals were recorded synchronously from forehead by VR Head-Mounted Displays (HMD) Bio Pad developed in our research center. Our proposed model achieved median accuracy of 89.68% for valence, 90.11% for arousal in binary classification, and 84.93% for four classification of emotion recognition based on the collected samples. Furthermore, verification result of the proposed method on a public database (DEAP) achieved accuracy of 84.03%, 84.37%, and 72.23% on valence, arousal, and four classification, respectively. The proposed physiological-emotion recognition model, utilizing a limited number of multimodal physiological signals channels from wearable devices, demonstrates higher accuracy compared with the results in some literature, suggesting its potential for real-time implementation due to limited signal channels and low runtime.

The expectation-updating mechanism in gratitude: A predictive coding perspective.

The fluctuations in emotions during constant help are unexplained by traditional emotion theories but may align with the predictive coding theory. This theory suggests that individuals tend to form expectations of others' help during social interactions. When outcomes exceed expectations, positive prediction errors are generated, potentially increasing gratitude. Conversely, constant help may build up expectations that surpass outcomes, resulting in negative prediction errors and reduced gratitude. Nevertheless, there is a lack of studies to examine the relationship between prediction errors and gratitude and its underlying mechanism. Here, we conducted two studies. Study 1 consistently found that higher expectations were associated with lower gratitude, when benefactors refused to help, in both reward-gaining and punishment-avoiding tasks. Moreover, prediction errors were positively and reliably linked to gratitude. Study 2 further identified that gratitude dynamically changed through an expectation-updating mechanism. A computational model incorporating predictive coding outperformed traditional theories in predicting the dynamics of gratitude. The findings support predictive coding theory, providing a temporal perspective and a mechanistic understanding of the fluctuations in gratitude, thus having implications for new interventions to improve mental health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Emotional state dynamics impacts temporal memory

ABSTRACT Emotional fluctuations are ubiquitous in everyday life, but precisely how they sculpt the temporal organisation of memories remains unclear. Here, we designed a novel task – the Emotion Boundary Task – wherein participants viewed sequences of negative and neutral images surrounded by a colour border. We manipulated perceptual context (border colour), emotional-picture valence, as well as the direction of emotional-valence shifts (i.e., shifts from neutral-to-negative and negative-to-neutral events) to create events with a shared perceptual and/or emotional context. We measured memory for temporal order and temporal distances for images processed within and across events. Negative images processed within events were remembered as closer in time compared to neutral ones. In contrast, temporal distances were remembered as longer for images spanning neutral-to-negative shifts – suggesting temporal dilation in memory with the onset of a negative event following a previously-neutral state. The extent of negative-picture induced temporal dilation in memory correlated with dispositional negativity across individuals. Lastly, temporal order memory was enhanced for recently-presented negative (versus neutral) images. These findings suggest that emotional-state dynamics matters when considering emotion-temporal memory interactions: While persistent negative events may compress subjectively remembered time, dynamic shifts from neutral-to-negative events produce temporal dilation in memory, with implications for adaptive emotional functioning.

Barriers to professional psychological help among pregnant women in China: a qualitative study

BackgroundPregnant women face significant physiological and psychological stressors, which can lead to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. Despite the importance of professional psychological assistance, many pregnant women in China do not seek help due to various barriers. This study aims to explore the experiences and challenges of pregnant women in seeking psychological help in China through qualitative methods.MethodsPurposive sampling was employed to select 20 pregnant women from a Class III Type A hospital in Hainan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted from July to August 2023, focusing on psychological states, help-seeking experiences, encountered challenges, and suggestions for improving psychological support. Colaizzi’s 7-step method was used to synthesize the themes.ResultsWe distilled five themes: (1) Psychological conditions during pregnancy, which includes stress and emotional fluctuations and anticipations of postpartum challenges; (2) Barriers to seeking help, underscored by societal misconceptions, limited professional access, and varied familial support; (3) Sources of psychological stress, highlighting physical changes, familial and work pressures, and societal expectations; (4) Expectations for psychological assistance, emphasizing the need for professional understanding and societal awareness; (5) Impact of psychological issues on daily life, such as decreased work efficiency and affected social activities.ConclusionPregnant women in China confront significant psychological stress and face multiple barriers in accessing help. There is an urgent need for personalized and professional psychological services for pregnant women. Addressing barriers such as societal stigma and poor accessibility, along with increasing public awareness and improving mental health services, is crucial. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective psychological support strategies aimed at enhancing the mental health of pregnant women in China.

Adalimumab-induced manic episode in an adolescent with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

BackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease in children, and adalimumab is one of the primary treatment options. Although it is widely used for inflammatory diseases, there is limited research on its safety and efficacy in patients with psychiatric disorders or in those with inflammatory diseases who also have comorbid psychiatric conditions.Case reportWe report a 12-year-old adolescent boy who presented with emotional instability for 1 year, exacerbated leading to hospital admission in the past month. Upon detailed evaluation after admission, it was found that the patient’s emotional fluctuations may be related to the use of Adalimumab. Follow-up after psychiatric inpatient treatment revealed that the patient did not experience emotional excitement again after discontinuing Adalimumab.ConclusionsAlthough tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors have positive effects on the emotional, cognitive, and physical functions of patients with inflammatory diseases, their use may induce mood swings in patients with comorbid mood disorders. This is particularly important for adolescents with rapid mood changes, where greater caution is required. Further research is necessary to clarify the correlation between the adverse effects of these drugs and their impact on patients with bipolar disorder.

Motivation and anxiety in Chinese EFL students’ listening process: An idiodynamic approach

This study pioneers the use of the idiodynamic approach to investigate the dynamic interplay between motivation and anxiety in Chinese learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) during listening tasks. Despite the acknowledged importance of understanding moment-to-moment fluctuations in language learning motivations and emotions, research has yet to explore these dynamics within listening comprehension contexts using this approach. To address this gap, the authors enlisted five Chinese EFL learners to examine how motivation and anxiety fluctuate and interact during two distinct listening activities: a multiple-choice English listening test and a listening practice task. Utilizing the Anion Variable Tester V2 software, we captured real-time changes in participants’ motivation and anxiety levels, offering a novel lens through which to view these psychological dynamics. Quantitative analysis, including Pearson correlation per task, Pearson correlation in segment, and moving correlation analysis, revealed significant variations in the relationship between motivation and anxiety across individuals and tasks and patterns of positive, negative, and non-significant correlations emerging within tasks. Qualitatively, the study identified that the factors interactively influence the fluctuations of motivation and anxiety. These findings contribute to our understanding of motivation and anxiety’s nuanced roles in language learning and underscore the value of the idiodynamic method in capturing these complex psychological processes. The implications of this research extend to developing more responsive and emotionally attuned language teaching practices.

Internship and postgraduate entrance examination: A qualitative study on the psychological experience of undergraduate nursing students under dual pressure in China

BackgroundWith the development of nursing positions and nursing disciplines in China's tertiary hospitals, the number of people applying for the master's degree in nursing is also increasing year by year. Postgraduate examinations are held during internship, so nursing students face the dual pressure of testing and internship, which brings varying degrees of negative experiences and emotional fluctuations. ObjectiveTo explore the psychological experiences and influencing factors of undergraduate nursing students under the dual pressures of clinical nursing internships and postgraduate examination preparations. DesignDescriptive qualitative study. MethodPurposeful sampling was used to recruit 18 participants from eight tertiary hospitals in China between October and December 2023. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, with interview recordings transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was then applied to the data. ResultsFour themes were identified: negative experiences under dual pressures, coping mechanisms for negative experiences, motivational effects under dual pressures, and evaluations of significant individuals. Nursing students improved their overall abilities through internships and exam preparations, gaining a clear understanding of themselves and certain hospital roles. However, at this stage, students also experienced adverse psychological experiences for various reasons. Thus, they employed several methods to alleviate their psychological stress, aiming for a better state to face internships and exam preparations. ConclusionSchools and hospitals should pay more attention to the needs of nursing students under dual pressures, monitoring their emotional states, and providing psychological support to enhance their stress-coping abilities. It is important to ensure the overall well-being of students while strengthening the motivational effects of internships and learning experiences.

Navigating positive and negative emotional feelings as working mothers: A qualitative study

Purpose: This study explores the complex emotional experiences of working mothers as they strive to balance their professional and family commitments. It aims to deeply understand both the positive and negative emotional experiences that characterize the life of a working mother. Method: Utilizing a qualitative approach, this research conducted semi-structured interviews with six working mothers. This method was chosen to capture a comprehensive range of emotional experiences stemming from their dual roles. Result: Findings from the interviews revealed three main themes: (1) identity and role as a working mother, namely the mother's perception and integration of professional and parental roles; (2) their emotional feelings as working mothers, findings detailing the spectrum of emotions they encountered; and (3) strategies for balancing emotional states, exploring methods used to manage and reduce emotional fluctuations and maintain balance. Conclusion: The findings underscore the necessity for enhanced support systems that can better assist working mothers in managing the multifaceted challenges of their dual roles. In the absence of adequate support, these challenges can lead to significant stress and a reduction in overall life satisfaction

Поздневизантийское духовное наставничество в письмах митрополита Халкидонского к монахине Евлогии

In Late Byzantium, spiritual correspondence served as a form of spiritual guidance. One form of imparting guidance was through correspondence between a spiritual father and a spiritual child. The 14 unpublished letters from the Metropolitan of Chalcedon to his spiritual daughter, nun Eulogia, found in the codex Paris, BnF, gr. 1372, ff. 155–170v, constitute the extant segment of spiritual correspondence during the Late Byzantine period. Selected by Eulogia herself and transcribed at her request, these letters evolved into a section of a collection of ascetic treatises designed for a monastic audience. The main theme of these little-studied letters is the exploration of Eulogia’s soul and her experience of monastic life. The Metropolitan serves as a vigilant supervisor meticulously noting even the subtlest emotional fluctuations of his correspondent. Within the epistolary narrative, the metropolitan performs a number of functions: therapeutic as a doctor, educational as a counsellor, prayerful as an intercessor before God, and reconciliatory as a mediator between God and Eulogia. The mentioned aspects are characteristic features in the depiction of a spiritual father in the Eastern Christian tradition. The article illustrates how employing these guiding models the spiritual father endeavors to regulate the emotional and physical experiences of his spiritual daughter. The hierarch emphasizes the necessity of struggle with depressive despair through daily confession before God and discourages the adoption of elevated hesychast practices. Furthermore, the hierarch revises the monastic rules of life advising Eulogia who is grappling with a physical ailment to exercise moderation in the number of prayers and genuflections, while also emphasizing the importance of maintaining a healthy balance in terms of food and sleep. Thus, the spiritual father serves as a regulator of ascetic practices demonstrating his desire to personalize Eulogia’s relationship with the sacred and to shape the most suitable path for her to experience monastic spiritual life. The spiritual letters themselves serve as instruments of influence as their function extends beyond communication and maintaining social connections. These spiritual messages are meant to be reread and comprehended during which the spiritual child was again and again immersed in the discourse of instructions.

Learning trustworthy model from noisy labels based on rough set for surface defect detection

In surface defect detection, some regions remain ambiguous and cannot be distinctly classified as abnormal or normal. This challenge is exacerbated by subjective factors, including workers’ emotional fluctuations and judgment variability, resulting in noisy labels that lead to false positives and missed detections. Current methods depend on additional labels, such as clean and multi-labels, which are both time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this, we utilize Rough Set theory and Bayesian neural networks to learn a trustworthy model from noisy labels for Surface Defect Detection. Our approach features a novel pixel-level representation of suspicious areas using lower and upper approximations, and a novel loss function that emphasizes both precision and recall. The Pluggable Spatially Bayesian Module (PSBM) we developed enhances probabilistic segmentation, effectively capturing uncertainty without requiring extra labels or architectural modifications. Additionally, we have devised a ‘defect discrimination confidence’ metric to better quantify uncertainty and assist in product quality grading. Without the need for extra labeling, our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art techniques across three types of datasets and enhances seven types of classic networks as a pluggable module, without compromising real-time computing performance. For further details and implementation, our code is accessible at https://github.com/ntongzhi/RoughSet-BNNs.

A Semi-Supervised Lie Detection Algorithm Based on Integrating Multiple Speech Emotional Features

When people tell lies, they often exhibit tension and emotional fluctuations, reflecting a complex psychological state. However, the scarcity of labeled data in datasets and the complexity of deception information pose significant challenges in extracting effective lie features, which severely restrict the accuracy of lie detection systems. To address this, this paper proposes a semi-supervised lie detection algorithm based on integrating multiple speech emotional features. Firstly, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Auto Encoder (AE) network process log Mel spectrogram features and acoustic statistical features, respectively, to capture the contextual links between similar features. Secondly, the joint attention model is used to learn the complementary relationship among different features to obtain feature representations with richer details. Lastly, the model combines the unsupervised loss Local Maximum Mean Discrepancy (LMMD) and supervised loss Jefferys multi-loss optimization to enhance the classification performance. Experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves better performance.

Emotions and emotion regulation in L2 classroom speaking tasks: A mixed‐methods study combining the idiodynamic and quantitative perspectives

AbstractThis study used idiodynamic methodology to investigate the dynamics of second language (L2) learners’ foreign language anxiety (FLA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE), and the details of emotion regulation (ER) directed at managing these emotions, in pair‐ and group‐work speaking tasks performed by 10 advanced English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) learners. L2 classroom tasks were video recorded and then while viewing them, participants registered their emotion ratings per second. In stimulated‐recall interviews, they revealed the causes of emotional intensity fluctuations and ER strategies used to manage the emotions. Additionally, the adapted Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from a larger same‐population sample (N = 103). The major high ecological validity results concerned (a) the highly individual patterns of emotional intensity fluctuations, with FLA fluctuating more than FLE, (b) the common triggers and mitigators of FLA and FLE—including specific errors, performance deficits, and message‐conceptualization problems—and FLE triggers and mitigators related to its social aspect, (c) the varying degrees of the relationship between FLE and FLA, which depends on communication dynamics, and (d) a range of ER strategies, including their chains (sequences) and clusters (co‐occurrence), with a special focus on the most common category—namely, cognitive ER, some types of which emerged as automatic ER processes.

Speech emotion recognition method based on time-aware bidirectional multi-scale network

Abstract In response to the difficulty of traditional speech emotion recognition models in capturing long-distance dependencies in speech signals and the impact of changes in speaker pronunciation speed and pause time, this paper proposes a new time emotion modeling method called Time Perceived Bidirectional Multi-scale Network (TIM-Net), which is used to learn Multi-scale contextual emotion expression in different time scales. TIM-Net starts by acquiring temporal emotional representations using time-aware blocks. Subsequently, information from different time points is combined to enhance contextual understanding of emotional expression. Finally, it consolidates various Timescale features to better accommodate emotional fluctuations. The experiment shows that the network can focus useful information on features, and the WAR and UAR of TIM-Net are significantly better than other models on RAVDESS, EMO-DB, and EMOVO datasets.

Exploring the effect of environmental sensitivity on emotional fluctuations among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a three-wave longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the emotional well-being of adolescents worldwide. Some studies suggested that individuals with high Environmental Sensitivity may have been more likely to experience poor psychological adjustment during the pandemic than those with lower sensitivity. However, there is still limited research on how emotional responses varied across different stages of the pandemic and whether Environmental Sensitivity increased adolescents' vulnerability to the psychological impact of prolonged pandemic restrictions. To address this gap, this study used a three-year longitudinal design (2020-2022) with a sample of 453 adolescents. They completed an online survey measuring their positive and negative emotions throughout the pandemic period, with Environmental Sensitivity considered a time-invariant covariate. The results revealed that all participants, regardless of their level of Environmental Sensitivity, experienced a decrease in positive emotionality between the first and second years. However, this trend reversed, showing an increase between the second and third years. Regarding negative emotions, highly sensitive adolescents experienced a significant linear increase over time. In contrast, low-and medium-sensitive adolescents exhibited a quadratic trend, with a notable increase in negative emotions between the first and second years, followed by a slight decrease between the second and third years. These findings provide further evidence of the negative impact of the pandemic on adolescents' emotional well-being. They also support the notion that Environmental Sensitivity is associated with individuals' ability to respond and adjust to adverse life events, with significant implications for future research and practice.