Fluctuations Of Physicochemical Parameters Research Articles

Fluctuations of Physicochemical Parameters in the Waters of the Chattogram Coastal Area, Bangladesh

Fluctuations in seasonal features of physicochemical factors in the coastal zone are expressively related to the development of aquaculture. The research examined some common physicochemical characteristics of water such as temperature, salinity, light penetration, pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), and nutrients like nitrite and phosphate for the Chattogram coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, for a period about one year (December 2020 to November 2021) during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. The analyzed physic-chemical parameters’ spatio-temporal variability was discovered to be as follows: average temperature 28.20±2.28°C, light penetration 9.95±1.75 cm, pH 7.38±0.17, salinity 20.11±1.44 ppt, DO 7.41±0.91 mg/l, BOD5 8.28±1.15 mg/l, TSS 2.61±0.43 g/l, and TDS 21.99±2.06 g/l. The concentration of nutrients indicates significant variations, and their levels in the water increased during the monsoon period. Total nitrate-nitrogen ranged between 0.867 µg/l and 1.472 µg/l and total phosphate-phosphorus ranged between 0.221 µg/l and 0.844 µg/l. Shipbreaking activities near the study area possess adverse impacts on native geomorphology, freshwater inputs, rainfall, and the aquatic ecosystem as well. This research proposes the value of regular supervision to assess the status of water quality and the next prospect of aquaculture in the Chattogram coastal area. Seasonally, without DO, all values showed a significant difference, whereas p<0.05.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS ON PLANKTON ASSEMBLAGE IN AJIWA RESERVOIR, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

The effect of environmental (Physicochemical) and biological (plankton) parameters of Ajiwa reservoir were studied for a period of eight months (March–October 2018). Field and laboratory activities were carried out using standard protocols. Mean monthly values of Temperature ranged between 25.87±3.57°C–29.46±0.66°C, Electrical conductivity was between 32.00±3.46µs/cm–210.00±95.39µs/cm. Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolved Solid and Biological Oxygen Demand Means of monthly values ranges between 5.53±0.39mg/l–9.35±0.62mg/l, 33.087±0.06mg/l–84.01±4.37mg/l, and 2.69±0.34mg/l–7.27±1.88mg/l. While phosphate and nitrate means of monthly values ranges between 0.04±0.02mg/l–0.09±0.03mg/l, 0.03±0.01mg/l–0.09±0.02mg/l. Four Phytoplankton phyla dominated by Chlorophyta (387org/L), Euglenophyta (160 org/L), Cyanophyta (83 org/L) and Bacillariophyta (63 org/L) were recorded in the reservoir. The Zooplanktons fauna comprises of Rotifers (180 org/L), Cladocerans (149 org/L) and Copepods (78 org/L). Correlation matrix showed that there were significant correlation between Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Physicochemical parameters. The composition of planktons in the reservoir were affected by seasonal variations and fluctuation of physicochemical parameters

Seasonal Variation of Water Quality Parameters and Their Impact on Fish Biodiversity Indices of Hasadanga Beel: A Case Study

Fish diversity indices and their correlation with seasonal fluctuation of physicochemical parameters of Hasadanga beel was aimed to be studied. A three-year study on the relationship between the seasonal fluctuation of water quality parameters and fish biodiversity indices was conducted in Hasadanga Beel, a floodplain lake of Nadia district, West Bengal to measure the ecological health of the lake. Samples of water and fish species were collected at pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period from 2015-2017 to estimate physicochemical parameters of water and fish biodiversity indices i.e. Shannon-Weaver species diversity index, Margalef’s Species richness index, Pielou’s Species evenness index and Simpson’s index of dominance. Total of 34 different fish species belonging to 8 Orders were found during the study period which varies seasonally. Water temperature (20.0-31.4 °C), pH (7.70-8.75), dissolved oxygen (3.9-5.0 mg/l), Free CO2 (0.0-15.0 mg/l), total alkalinity (156-193 mg/l), hardness (113-145 mg/l), and BOD (1.03-1.94 mg/l) values varied significantly (p<0.05) between three seasons. Shannon-Weaver species diversity index (Hꞌ) is ranged between 1.2911-1.3502, Margalef’s species richness index (D) is measured between 12.72-14.15, Pielou’s species evenness index (Jꞌ) is recorded between 0.8829-0.9140 and Simpson’s index of dominance (ID) is ranged between 0.05346-0.07139. Hꞌ has positive correlation with pH, alkalinity and hardness whereas negative correlation with temperature, free CO2, DO and BOD. D has positive correlation with pH, free CO2, DO and hardness whereas negative correlation with temperature, alkalinity and BOD. Jꞌ has positive correlation with temperature, pH, alkalinity and hardness and whereas negative correlation with free CO2, DO and BOD. ID has positive correlation with temperature, free CO2, DO and BOD whereas negative correlation with pH, alkalinity and hardness. The obtained result suggests that various water quality parameters specially temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH are the key factors to regulate the fish biodiversity indices and should be taken into consideration for making policies for sustainable use of floodplain lakes.

Variations of surface water quality in selected tidal creeks of Sagar Island, Indian Sundarban eco-region: a multivariate approach

Sagar Island in Indian Sundarbans is bestowed with numerous tidal creeks providing a suitable home to its inherent aquatic biota. The present study investigated the variation in the surface water quality in selected tidal creeks of Sagar Island, Indian Sundarbans to understand the present status of water quality for wildlife propagation and fisheries. Ten water parameters were taken into consideration for analysis on monthly basis from four stations (tidal creeks) from September 2015 to August 2016. One-way ANOVA showed five parameters (water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand) varied significantly between seasons (p ≤ 0.05). Factor analysis exhibited four factors explaining 53.21% total variance in the observed data. Salinity and turbidity showed a maximum annual range of variations followed by dissolved oxygen. The fluctuations of physicochemical parameters throughout the year hinted toward the ever-changing nature of the estuarine ecosystem with possible human-induced impacts. Pronounced variation in turbidity seemed to be the effect of ferrying/transportation, monsoonal runoff and other human-induced activities. In the present study, water parameters viz., water temperature, dissolved oxygen and turbidity were the deterministic parameters influencing the variables in the system. The other important parameters were found to be COD, BOD3 and nitrate concentrations during the study period. The study shall provide baseline information in formulating the management measures in terms of water quality in wildlife propagation and fisheries.

Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton composition and abundance in Thomas Dam Dambatta, Kano, Nigeria

Seasonal dynamics of zooplankton composition and abundance as influenced by physicochemical parameters of Thomas Dam were studied between January and October, 2016. Zooplankton and water samples for physicochemical parameters were collected and analyzed fortnightly between 8:00 – 10:00 am using standard methods. Four sampling sites (A, B, C and D) were chosen on the Dam based on the vegetation pattern and impact of human activities. The mean range of physicochemical parameters studied were temperature (18.5 – 28.9 °C), pH (7.5 – 8.9), DO (4.8 – 9.1mg/L), BOD (2.2 – 4.9mg/L), turbidity (16.3 – 37.1 NTU), electrical conductivity (131.8 – 335.7µS/cm), TDS (140 - 386.6 mg/L), phosphate (0.15-1.13mg/L) and nitrate (0.14 - 4.78mg/L). Total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity and nitrate recorded significant difference between wet and dry season ( P <0.05). While no significant difference was observed between DO, BOD, phosphate, temperature and pH. Thirty two (32) species of zooplankton were identified belonging to Protozoa (4.3%), Cladocera (42.0%), Rotifera (29.6%) and Copepoda (24.1%) which accounted for 268.5org/L of the total faunal composition. Site A had the highest zooplankton density of 80.9org/L while site C recorded the least with 69.7org/L. Daphnia pulex had the highest species composition of 9.33org/L and Pleuronema sp. recorded the least with 0.07org/L. Seasonal variation indicated a strong positive relationship between physicochemical and zooplankton densities ( P <0.05). Biotic Indices analyses of Shannon-wiener Index, Evenness Index and Margalef’s Index showed that zooplankton composition and abundance were highest during wet season than in dry season. However, Pearson Correlation Coefficient between zooplankton abundance and physicochemical parameters indicated strong positive relationship at p <0.01(2- tailed). The composition and abundance of zooplankton in Thomas Dam were affected by seasonal variation and fluctuation of physicochemical parameters during the study period. It is therefore recommended that uncontrolled discharge of agrochemicals around the Dam through irrigation and other human activities should be controlled in order to curtail degradation of the aquatic biota over a period of time. Key words: Seasonal dynamics, Physico-chemical parameters, Zooplankton composition, Diversity, Thomas Dam

Comparison of hydrochemistry and organic compound transport in two non-glaciated high Arctic catchments with a permafrost regime (Bellsund Fjord, Spitsbergen)

An increase in air temperature related to climate change results in the retreat of glaciers, the degradation of permafrost, and the expansion of glacier-free areas in the polar regions. All these processes lead to changes in the Arctic landscape. They influence the hydrochemistry of streams and rivers fed by glaciers and thawing permafrost. In this study, we examine eighty two water samples from two non-glaciated catchments with snow-permafrost regime: the Tyvjobekken Creek and the Reindeer Creek (NW Wedel-Jarlsberg Land, Spitsbergen). We cover hydrometeorological measurements, fluctuations of physicochemical parameters (pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC)), and the presence of selected organic compounds (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), formaldehyde (HCHO), ∑phenols). The obtained levels of DOC (0.061–0.569mgCL−1) and HCHO (<LOD-0.140mgL−1) in water samples of these two high Arctic creeks confirm the role of the melting permafrost as a rich source of terrestrial organic carbon and organic pollutants, as well as the impact of rainfall on surface water chemistry. It was found that fluctuations of physicochemical indices (pH, SEC, DOC) were related to changes in mean daily discharge of Reindeer Creek (0.012–0.034m3s−1) and Tyvjobekken Creek (0.011–0.015m3s−1) (r>0.40). The Tyvjobekken Creek catchment, in contrast to Reindeer Creek catchment, turned out to be resistant to rapid changes in meteorological conditions (r<0.10) and surface runoff. The processes of permafrost thawing, calcium carbonate dissolution, and biogeochemical “breathing” of soils proved to be crucial for the development of water chemistry. In conclusion, the surface water chemistry of the Reindeer Creek was found to result from the mutual influence of hydrometeorological indices and the biogeochemical environment of the catchment.

Metabolic responses to temperature stress under elevated pCO2 in Crepidula fornicata

In the current context of environmental change, ocean acidification is predicted to affect the cellular processes, physiology and behaviour of all marine organisms, impacting survival, growth and reproduction. In relation to thermal tolerance limits, the effects of elevated pCO2 could be expected to be more pronounced at the upper limits of the thermal tolerance window. Our study focused on Crepidula fornicata, an invasive gastropod which colonized shallow waters around European coasts during the 20th century. We investigated the effects of 10 weeks' exposure to current (380 µatm) and elevated (550, 750, 1,000 µatm) pCO2 on this engineer species using an acute temperature increase (1 °C 12 h−1) as the test. Respiration rates were measured on both males (small individuals) and females (large individuals). Mortality increased suddenly from 34 °C, particularly in females. Respiration rate in C. fornicata increased linearly with temperature between 18 and 34 °C, but no differences were detected between the different pCO2 conditions either in the regressions between respiration rate and temperature or in Q10 values. In the same way, condition indices were similar in all the pCO2 treatments at the end of the experiment, but decreased from the beginning of the experiment. This species was highly resistant to acute exposure to high temperature regardless of pCO2 levels, even though food was limited during the experiment. Crepidula fornicata appears to have either developed resistance mechanisms or a strong phenotypic plasticity to deal with fluctuations of physicochemical parameters in its habitat. This suggests that invasive species may be more resistant to future environmental changes than its native competitors.

Importance of Main Stream/Tributary Interface for Nutrient Dynamics and Microbial Communities in Upper River Subcatchment

Aims: A significance of tributary confluence for dynamics of nutrients and microbial communities in main river channel was studied in the Iskar River upper subcatchment (Bulgaria). Methodology: The fluctuations of physicochemical parameters, nutrients, abundance of total bacteria, oligotrophes and coliforms in main stream and tributary were estimated seasonally by standard methods in small spatial scale (<2 km). Results: The P-PO4 concentrations in river and tributary waters were higher in cold seasons (between 0.14÷0.53 mg/L) compared to values observed in the other seasons. The quantity of nitrate nitrogen in tributary waters showed a statistically significant difference in comparison with the concentration in site upstream from the inflow but not in the site downstream from the inflow. Similar differences were observed in the nitrite dynamics even though this nitrogen form was less abundant. Ammonium nitrogen concentrations were generally in the range 0.03-0.6 mg/L in main stream waters and 0.151 mg/L in tributary waters. There were not statistically significant differences among sites but the seasonal profiles indicated the difference in ammonium concentrations during the autumn. Conclusion: The results showed that tributary effect is more significant during the autumn Original Research Article Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(2): 399-411, 2014 400 and winter. The water quality of study area was disturbed in these seasons and the content of total suspended solids, phosphorus, ammonium and bacterial indicators for fecal contamination might be increased to a critical significance in sites with higher anthropogenic impact.

Local Fluctuations of Physicochemical Parameters in Condensed System Combustion

Using the 3Zr + 2WO3 system as an example, it is shown that fluctuations of physicochemical parameters in the combustion wave of a condensed system in both loose and pressed forms can be recorded by means of two parallel wires placed in the burning system. It is established that changes in the initial density of the system and its burning rate results in corresponding changes in the fluctuation frequency. The relationship between these three parameters can be expressed, as a first approximation, by a fairly simple analytical relation.

Recording local fluctuations of physicochemical parameters in a combustion wave in condensed systems

A method for recording fluctuations of physicochemical parameters in a combustion wave in condensed systems is proposed that makes it possible to estimate the frequency of these fluctuations experimentally. Experiments with a Zr+WO3 pyrotechnic mixture using this method show that in the combustion wave there are fluctuation modes with frequencies ≈200 and ≈20 Hz corresponding to characteristic dimensions of heterogeneities of the system of order 0.1 and 1 mm, respectively.