Flowers Of Trollius Chinensis Research Articles

Acylated flavone 8-C-glucosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis

Ten new flavone 8-C-glucosides, trollichinensides A–J, with the substitution of various acyls at C-2″, C-3″, or C-6″ of the glucose moiety, together with thirteen known ones were isolated from the flowers of Trollius chinensis. Spectroscopic analyses including NMR and HRESIMS resulted in the establishment of the structures of these constituents and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiment was employed for the determination of the absolute configuration of the glucose residue in these molecules.

Optimization of ionic liquid-based homogenate extraction of orientin and vitexin from the flowers of Trollius chinensis and its application on a pilot scale

In this present work, orientin and vitexin were effectively extracted from Trollius chinensis flowers using ionic liquid-based homogenate extraction (ILHE) method. 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4mim]BF4) was selected as the extraction solvent. The optimum conditions of 1.10 M ionic liquid concentration, 4 min homogenate time, 23 mL/g liquid-solid ratio and one extraction cycle for the ILHE process were obtained after investigating by single factor experiments, extraction kinetics and Box-Benhnken design. Under the optimum conditions, satisfactory extraction yields of orientin (5.66 ± 0.18 mg/g) and vitexin (0.85 ± 0.03 mg/g) were obtained by the pilot-scale homogenate equipment. The kinetic curves of orientin and vitexin were studied, and the phenomenon was explained in detail on the base of visual photograph and percentages of different particle sizes of T. chinensis flowers after ILHE for different times. Relative to other methods, not only the time consumption was shortened to only 4 min for the proposed approach, but also the extraction yields were improved greatly. Meanwhile, effective separation of the target analytes from [C4mim]BF4 ionic liquid extraction solution was realized after the adsorption and desorption on HPD100B macroporous resin in a pilot scale, with the recovery yield of 82.86% for orientin and 84.71% for vitexin, respectively. The total recovery yield of [C4mim]BF4 ionic liquid was 97.48% in the whole process. Therefore, the environmentally friendly ILHE method proposed in this work is a convenient, effective and rapid technique, and has superiority in extraction of active ingredients from plant materials.

Pharmacokinetics of tecomin in rats after intragastric and intravenous administration.

The pharmacokinetics of tecomin, which is a potential bioactive compound from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, was studied. The results showed that this compound was easily absorbed and rapidly metabolized into veratric acid in vivo, and then the latter was eliminated slowly. In addition, the simulant in vitro gastrointestinal transformation experiments demonstrated that the basic enteral environment and intestinal bacterial flora also contributed to the metabolism of tecomin to veratric acid.

Characterization of the intestinal absorption of seven flavonoids from the flowers of Trollius chinensis using the Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

The human Caco-2 cell monolayer model was used to investigate the absorption property, mechanism, and structure-property relationship of seven representative flavonoids, namely, orientin, vitexin, 2”-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin, 2”-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin, isoswertisin, isoswertiajaponin, and 2”-O-(2”‘-methylbutanoyl)isoswertisin from the flowers of Trollius chinensis. The results showed that these flavonoids were hardly transported through the Caco-2 cell monolayer. The compounds with 7-OCH3 including isoswertisin, isoswertiajaponin and 2”-O-(2”‘-methylbutanoyl)isoswertisin were absorbed in a passive diffusion manner, and their absorbability was increased in the same order as their polarity. The absorption of the remaining compounds with 7-OH including orientin, vitexin, 2”-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin, and 2”-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin involved transporter mediated efflux in addition to passive diffusion. Among the four compounds with 7-OH, those with a free hydroxyl group at C-2” such as orientin and vitexin were the substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and that with a free hydroxyl group at C-2’ such as 2”-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin was the substrate of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2). The results of this study also implied that the absorbability of the flavonoids should be taken into account when estimating the effective components of T. chinensis.

Antimicrobial constituents from the flowers of Trollius chinensis

A new 1-aryl-isochroman, trolliusol A (1), was isolated from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, along with seven known phenolic compounds in an antimicrobial activity-directed phytochemical investigation. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and their inhibitory activities against one fungus and four bacterial strains were measured.

Contribution evaluation of the floral parts to orientin and vitexin concentrations in the flowers of Trollius chinensis

Contribution evaluation of the floral parts to orientin and vitexin concentrations in the flowers of Trollius chinensis

Contribution evaluation of the floral parts to orientin and vitexin concentrations in the flowers of Trollius chinensis

AimTo provide a comprehensive procedure to evaluate the contribution of the floral parts to the yield of the major components from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, to underlay the selective breeding, cultivation, development, and utilization of the flowers. MethodsFive floral parts from eleven batches of the flowers of T. chinensis were examined by HPLC analysis for the content of orientin and vitexin, and by gravimetric analysis for their respective mass fraction. The contribution of each floral part was calculated using mathematical methods based on the results of the content and mass fraction. Variance analysis was carried out by Kruskal-Wallis H test and PCA method. ResultsThe calculated mean contributions of calyx, corolla, stamens and pistils, stalk, and ovary to the yield of both orientin and vitexin were 76.99% and 71.93%, 9.60% and 8.33%, 9.21% and 8.10%, 2.17% and 6.62%, and 2.03% and 5.02%, respectively. ConclusionThe floral parts contribute unequally to the yield of orientin and vitexin, and the calyx contributes the highest and makes a significant difference compared with any other part.

Distribution of Two Bioactive Compounds in Flowers of Trollius chinensis

A comprehensive procedure was established, which combined a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for the simultaneous quantification of 2″-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin (OGA) and veratric acid and a gravimetric analysis for the determination of the mass fraction of the floral parts (calyx, corolla, stalk, stamens and pistils and ovary) of Trollius chinensis, to investigate the distribution and identify the enriched floral part(s) of these two compounds in the flowers. The calculated mean distributions of OGA in calyx, corolla, stamens and pistils, stalk and ovary were 83.62, 7.76, 4.35, 2.92 and 1.35%, respectively, whereas those of veratric acid in the corresponding floral parts were 46.41, 9.01, 18.41, 4.11 and 22.06%, respectively, indicating the uneven and noncorresponding distribution of these two compounds. This study extends the application of the HPLC assay and favors the production of OGA and veratric acid from the flowers of T. chinensis in addition to the benefits of breeding, cultivation and utilization of these flowers.

Flavone C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis and their anti-complementary activity

Phytochemical investigation of ethanol extract from the flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge resulted in the isolation of two new flavone C-glycosides (1–2), along with 10 known compounds (3–12). The structures of the new compounds were established as 6‴-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)-2″-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl orientin (1) and 6‴-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)-2″-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl vitexin (2) on the basis of various spectroscopic analysis (including different 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) and chemical evidences. Bioassay showed that eight flavonoids inhibited complement activation on the classic pathway in vitro, with their IC50 values ranging from 0.88 to 4.02 mM, which may contribute to the applications of the herb in treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, etc.

Determination of trolline in flowers of Trollius chinensis by HPLC

An HPLC method was developed for determinantion of trolline in the flowers of Trollius chinensis commercially available in China. The HPLC analysis was conducted on an Agilent C18 ODS column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution (gradient: 0-30 min, 2:98-100:0) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detecting wavelength was at 258 nm. Linearity of trolline was good in the range of 0.1380-1.2410 microg and the content of trolline in nine batches of the flowers of T. chinensis commercially available in China was ranged from 0.05% to 0.11%. This method is good in terms of precision, accuracy and repeatability and can be used for the quantitative determination of trolline.

Three new acylated flavone C-glycosides from the flowers of Trollius chinensis

Three new flavone C-glycosides with the substitution of the unusual acyl, 2″-O-veratroylisoswertisin (1), 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertiajaponin (2), and 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylvitexin (3), together with the known compounds of 2″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (4), 3″-O-2-methylbutyrylisoswertisin (5), and trollisin I (6) were isolated from the antibacterial fraction of the aqueous extract of the flowers of Trollius chinensis. The structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out by a detailed analysis of the NMR and MS spectra.

A Bioactive Alkaloid from the Flowers of Trollius chinensis.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Trollioside, a new compound from the flowers of Trollius chinensis

A new compound, named trollioside, together with nine known compounds, proglobeflowery acid, isoswertisin, isoswertiajaponin, cirsimaritin, veratric acid, vitexin, orientin, β-sitosterol and daucosterol, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the dried flowers of Trollius chinensis Bunge. The isolation and structural determination of these compounds are discussed.