Flower-like Bi2S3 Research Articles

Bi2S3 for aqueous copper ion battery based intercalation chemistry

Aqueous multivalent ion batteries have attracted increasing attention due to their high capacity, long cycle life, and impressive output energy. Considering that intercalation electrodes are more suitable for long cycle battery compared to the conversion ones, Cu2+ with appropriate ion radii has been chosen as intercalation carriers and bismuth sulfide with the matched lattice spacing as cathode to achieve long cycle life aqueous battery. We have synthesized the micrometer-scale flower-like Bi2S3 by regulating temperature and it is proved to be a perennial phase during Cu2+ intercalation/deintercalation of the Bi2S3 host when charge/discharge with a capacity of 104.5 mAh g–1 retention at 0.5 A g–1 after 1000 cycles. Lastly, build a hybrid ion battery with Zn and ZnSO4 electrolyte, the Bi2S3 cathode for Cu2+ intercalation can reach a maximum energy of 427.5 Wh Kg–1. The study provides a new intercalation cathode for aqueous multivalent ion batteries and will broaden the energy storage system.

Hybridization Chain Reaction-Enhanced Biocatalytic Precipitation on Flower-like Bi2S3: Toward Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor Aptasensing with High Transconductance.

Organic photoelectrochemical transistor (OPECT) bioanalysis has recently emerged as a promising avenue for biomolecular sensing, providing insight into the next-generation of photoelectrochemical biosensing and organic bioelectronics. Herein, this work validates the direct enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation (BCP) modulation on a flower-like Bi2S3 photosensitive gate for high-efficacy OPECT operation with high transconductance (gm), which is exemplified by a prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-dependent hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and subsequent alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-enabled BCP reaction toward PSA aptasensing. It has been shown that light illumination could ideally achieve the maximized gm at zero gate bias, and BCP could efficiently modulate the device's interfacial capacitance and charge-transfer resistance, resulting in a significantly changed channel current (IDS). The as-developed OPECT aptasensor realizes good analysis performance for PSA with a detection limit of 10 fg mL-1. This work features direct BCP modulation of organic transistors and is expected to stimulate further interest in exploring advanced BCP-interfaced bioelectronics with unknown possibilities.

Effectively compound the heterojunction formed by flower-like Bi2S3 and g-C3N4 to enhance photocatalytic activity.

In this study, the flower-shaped Bi2S3/g-C3N4-2.6 heterojunction obtained by solvothermal method and its photocatalytic degradation efficiency of rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solution within 40min is as high as 98.8% and 94.6%. For RhB degradation, the photocatalytic reaction rate constant (k) of Bi2S3/g-C3N4-2.6 is approximately 1.8 and 45.5 times that of Bi2S3 and g-C3N4. For TC, k is 3.1 and 2.4 times that of Bi2S3 and g-C3N4, respectively. The key to determining the high catalytic activity of Bi2S3/g-C3N4 lies in the formation of a good heterojunction between Bi2S3 and g-C3N4, which accelerates the electron transfer rate between the heterojunction interface and effectively avoids electron-hole recombination. The effects of catalyst dosage, different pH values, inorganic anions, and capture agents on the photodegradation performance of RhB were investigated. The results show that the catalyst dosage is 1.33g/L, and the solution pH is in the range of 5-9, which has the best removal effect on pollutants, and the isolation of holes (h+) with strong oxidizing ability promotes the collapse of pollutant molecules. Combined with electrochemical tests, a possible degradation mechanism was advised.

Flower-like Bi2S3/rGO modified separator for lithium-sulfur batteries

A shuttle effect of polysulfide is one of the crucial barriers for Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Herein, a flower-like Bi2S3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified separator was fabricated by simple solvothermal and filtration processes. Benefiting from the strong chemical capturing ability of flower-like Bi2S3 and conductive pathway derived from rGO, the modified separator obviously alleviated the polysulfide shuttling. The cell with the flower-like Bi2S3/rGO modified separator exhibits a reversible capacity of 600 mAh g−1 at 0.5C after 300 cycles and a rate capacity of 500 mAh g−1 at 2C.

Indium-doped mesoporous Bi2S3-based electrochemical interface for highly sensitive detection of Pb(II)

As a global toxic pollutant, lead (Pb(II)) causes serious risks for living organism and the environment, it is thus of critical importance to explore a facile and efficient sensing protocol for the detection of Pb(II). Herein, we proposed the flower-like In-doped Bi2S3 (IDB) with mesoporous nanostructure as an electrochemical sensing interface for the Pb(II) detection, which was synthesized via a facile solvothermal method. The fabricated IDB/GCE exhibited a high sensitivity of 78.1 μA·μM−1 and a satisfied detection limit (LOD) as 0.017 μΜ with robust stability and remarkable anti-interference capability. Plausible mechanism of electrochemical sensing of Pb(II) was proposed based on electrochemical and characterization results, where the mesoporous IDB could provide numerous electrocatalytic active sites, and efficiently accumulate target Pb(II) onto the electrode surface, leading to the improved electrochemical performance. Besides, the complex state of Pb(II) was analyzed with IDB/GCE, and a tentative reference on the detection of complex state of Pb(II) was achieved with the favorable results. Furthermore, the fabricated IDB/GCE could be applied for the analysis of Pb(II) in real water sample with high reliability.

Flower-like Bi2S3–In2S3 heterojunction for efficient solar light induced photoreduction of Cr(VI)

To develop Bi2S3-based heterojunction for efficient solar light induced photoreduction of Cr(VI), flower-like Bi2S3–In2S3 composites consisted of nanorods were prepared via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal route. In contrast with pure Bi2S3, Bi2S3–In2S3 composites exhibited the enhanced photoreduction activity while the decreased adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) removal. The best removal efficiency of 70 mg L−1 Cr(VI) solution (99.86%) was achieved by the optimal 3-Bi2S3–In2S3 with a Bi/In molar ratio of 4:1 within 140 min. It’s ascribed to the narrow band gap for strengthened visible-light response, the tight interface between Bi2S3 and In2S3 for rapid transfer and separation of charge carriers, and the enough S vacancies for highly-efficient active sites of adsorption-photoreduction. However, the long-term photo-corrosion resulted in the slightly inferior reusability of 3-Bi2S3–In2S3 under solar light irradiation after five cycles.

Structural and catalytic properties of Fe3O4 doped Bi2S3 novel magnetic nanocomposites: p-Nitrophenol case

Abstract Catalytic properties of Bi2S3 nanostructures, Fe3O4 nanoparticles and novel Bi2S3@Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposites were investigated. Flower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures were produced using hydrothermal synthesis. Bi2S3 nanostructures were doped with Fe3O4 nanoparticles where Bi2S3@Fe3O4 novel magnetic nanocomposites was obtained. Structural characterization of the nanoflowers were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Microscopic characterization of the nanoflowers was performed using electron microscopy where scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used in the characterization which confirms the flower like structures. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) confirmed the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic characteristics of the magnetic nanocomposites. Optic properties of the nanoparticles were assessed using Ultraviolet - visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. Band gap energies of the Bi2S3, Fe3O4 and Bi2S3@Fe3O4 were found to be 1.80 eV, 2.0 eV and 2.72 eV, respectively. Catalytic properties of the Bi2S3@Fe3O4 nanoparticles were confirmed using UV spectroscopy where reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol was assessed in the presence of NaBH4. It was concluded that Bi2S3 nanostructures and Bi2S3@Fe3O4 nanocomposites showed better catalytic performance than that of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Such a case was attributed to increased surface area - volume ratio. Results indicate that nanocomposites have the potential to be used in the wastewater treatment.

Facile synthesis of novel three-dimensional Bi2S3 nanocrystals capped by polyvinyl pyrrolidone to enhance photocatalytic properties under visible light

Exploitation of novel photocatalysts for highly efficient degradation of organic dyes and reduction of hexavalent chromium is of significance to reduce environmental pollution. Herein, a novel three-dimensional flower-like Bi2S3 nanocrystals composed of two-dimensional Bi2S3 nanosheets were prepared by one-pot hydrothermal method with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (Mw = 1300000) as a capping agent. The experimental results show that polyvinyl pyrrolidone has evident enhanced effect on the photocatalytic performance of Bi2S3, and the polyvinyl pyrrolidone modified three-dimensional Bi2S3 (Bi2S3-1) displays extraordinary catalytic activity for photodegradation of rhodamine B and photoreduction of Cr(VI) under visible light. The rates of photodegradating rhodamine B and photoreducing Cr(VI) with Bi2S3-1 can reach 93.9% in 30 min (k = 0.07675 min−1) and 95.2% in 5 min (k = 0.47351 min−1), respectively. The photocatalytic performance of polyvinyl pyrrolidone modified three-dimensional Bi2S3 is much better than those of previously reported bismuth-based nanostructures. This work provides a new insight into the development of inorganic photocatalysts for both degradation of organic dyes and reduction of heavy metal ions.

Flower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures grown on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide

This paper reports a facile solvothermal method for the synthesis of Bi2S3 flower-like nanostructures grown in situ on a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Bi2S3@N-G) surface. Thiourea was used as the nitrogen source and reducing agent for graphene oxide. The surface morphology of the as-prepared Bi2S3@N-G composites was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The crystalline structure and surface chemical states were examined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The as-prepared Bi2S3@N-G composite was deposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and the modified electrode was employed for the electrocatalytic detection of H2O2. The calculated diffusion coefficient and catalytic rate constant of the Bi2S3@N-G modified electrode were 4.9 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 and 5671 M−1 s−1, respectively. The Bi2S3@N-G/GC electrode demonstrated a wide concentration range for H2O2, from 10 to 42,960 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.1535 μA μM−1 and an obtained limit of detection of 1.9 μM.

Layer-controlled growth of MoS2 on self-assembled flower-like Bi2S3 for enhanced photocatalysis under visible light irradiation

Metal sulfide semiconductors, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and bismuth trisulphide (Bi2S3), are of considerable interest for their excellent applications in photocatalysis and in many other fields. However, the controllable synthesis of MoS2/Bi2S3 hybrid nanostructures remains a challenge. In this study, we report a unique sacrificial templating strategy for preparing layer-controlled MoS2 on three-dimensional (3D) Bi2S3 micro-flowers. For this approach, Bi2S3 was utilized as a sacrificial template to regulate the ion exchange, and the dosage of molybdenum was adjusted to tune the dynamic formation, thus converting the MoS2 nanosheets on the Bi2S3 micro-flowers from monolayer to multilayer. Such a 3D flower-like hybrid nanostructure enables MoS2/Bi2S3 to exhibit adsorption-promoted photocatalysis under visible light irradiation, especially for the excellent photodegradation of low-concentration organic pollutants, for example, azo dye and atrazine. The observed superiority of the 3D MoS2/Bi2S3 was mainly attributed to the increased mass transfer, robust light-harvesting capacity, improved charge separation, lower oxygen-activation barrier and enhanced active oxygen yield. Our findings are of interest for the development of novel S-based photocatalysts and provide a new opportunity to efficiently remove low-concentration refractory pollutants. Researchers have combined inorganic ‘microflowers’ and metallic nanosheets to help remove persistent organic pollutants with sunlight. Bismuth trisulphide (Bi2S3) is a promising environmental photocatalyst because of its low toxicity and direct bandgap, but suffers from lower-than-expected chemical activity due to charge recombination. To better separate photogenerated charges, Han-Qing Yu and co-workers from the University of Science and Technology of China developed a one-pot, hydrothermal synthesis that transforms bismuth precursors into three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with petal-like shapes. The Bi2S3 microflowers then act as a template, growing multilayers of MoS2 onto the hybrid framework. The large, charge-stabilizing surface area of 3D MoS2/Bi2S3 had promising photocatalytic activity. For example, concentrations of atrazine — a common weed-killer difficult to remove from water runoff streams — were 89% lower after 4 hours of exposure to light and 3D MoS2/Bi2S3. A sacrificial strategy is developed for preparing layer-controlled MoS2 on three-dimensional Bi2S3 micro-flowers using a facile method. The nanostructured hybrid enables adsorption-promoted photocatalysis under visible light irradiation for excellent degradation of low-concentration organic pollutants, because of the increased mass transfer, robust light-harvesting capacity, improved charge separation, reduced oxygen-activation barrier and enhanced active oxygen yield.

23327Enhanced photoelectric conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by the incorporation of flower-like Bi2S3:Eu3+ sub-microspheres.

In this paper, TiO2-Bi2S3 and TiO2-Bi2S3:Eu3+ composite photoanodes were successfully designed, which can not only fully absorb visible light but also transfer the electron from Bi2S3 to TiO2 conduction band due to the narrow band gap and high conduction band of Bi2S3. Compared to pure TiO2 cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of TiO2-Bi2S3 and TiO2-Bi2S3:Eu3+ composite cells were increased significantly. In addition, the efficiency of TiO2-Bi2S3:Eu3+ composite cells were higher than that of TiO2-Bi2S3 cell which could be attributed to the larger BET surface area of Bi2S3:Eu3+. The electron transport and interfacial recombination kinetics were investigated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy. The results indicated that the interfacial resistance of the TiO2-dye|I3−/I− electrolyte interface of TiO2-Bi2S3:Eu3+ composite cell was much bigger than that of pure TiO2 cell. In addition, the TiO2-Bi2S3:Eu3+ cell has longer electron recombination time and longer electron transport time than pure TiO2 cell. The charge collection efficiency of TiO2-Bi2S3:Eu3+ composite cell was higher than that of pure TiO2 cell.

Bi2S3 microflowers assembled from one-dimensional nanorods with a high photoresponse

In this paper, Bi2S3 microflowers have been successfully synthesized via a facile one-pot hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then the Bi2S3 microflowers were deposited on patterned ITO glass substrates by dip-coating to fabricate photodetectors. The photoresponse properties using Bi2S3 microflowers as a representative system show a significantly enhanced conductivity and the current–voltage characteristic exhibit ca. 1.7 orders of magnitude larger than the dark current. The response and decay times are estimated to be ~227 and 880 ms, respectively, indicating that flower-like Bi2S3 may be an excellent candidate for high-speed and high-sensitivity photoelectrical switches and light-sensitive devices.

Flowerlike Bi2S3microspheres: facile synthesis and application in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitroaniline

Flowerlike Bi2S3 microspheres have been successfully synthesized via a facile wet chemical route in air at 110 °C for 10 min, employing bismuth nitrate and thiourea in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 as the starting reactants, ethylene glycol as the reaction medium and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the structure-directing reagent. Electron microscopy observations showed that the as-obtained product looked like an Asteraceae plant called Echinops Sphaerocephalus Linn in nature. The N2 sorption–desorption experiments showed that the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) area of the flowerlike microspheres was 32.4 m2 g−1. Some factors influencing the formation of flowerlike Bi2S3 microspheres were investigated, including the reaction temperature, and the sort and amount of the surfactant. The experiments showed that the Bi2S3 micro/nanostructures prepared in the present work could be used as new-type catalysts for the reduction of some aromatic nitro compounds, such as 4-nitroaniline, 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. It was found that the as-obtained flowerlike Bi2S3 microspheres contributed to the best catalytic activity.

A Facile Route to Flowerlike Bi2S3 Constructed by Polycrystalline Nanoplates with Enhanced Electrochemical Properties

AbstractIn this work, hierarchical flowerlike Bi2S3 structures constructed by polycrystalline nanoplates combined with urchinlike and wirelike Bi2S3 were synthesized by using a thioglycolic acid assisted solvothermal method. On the basis of the time‐dependent experimental results, an anion exchange process and a self‐assembly mechanism were proposed to account for the growth mechanism of the synthesized flowerlike Bi2S3. In addition, the morphology and the crystalline nature of the products can be easily tuned by changing the reaction temperature. Moreover, the electrochemical properties (electrochemical hydrogen‐storage and lithium‐intercalation performance) of the products were studied. The flowerlike Bi2S3 possesses both higher electrochemical properties and better cycle stabilities compared to urchinlike and wirelike Bi2S3.

D-penicillamine assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Bi2S3 nanoflowers and their electrochemical application

Single crystalline flower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a simple, facile and green hydrothermal method, with the assistance of D-penicillamine. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and found their morphologies mainly depend on the ratios of Bi3+ to D-penicillamine, as well as the reaction temperature and time. And the possible growth mechanism has been discussed in some detail. In addition, the as-prepared Bi2S3 nanoflowers show good hydrogen storage ability. This strategy can be potentially expanded to prepare other metal chalcogenides materials.

Urchin-like Bi(OH)SO4 ⋅ H2O fabricated by anodization and its conversion into flower-like Bi2S3 via anion exchange

We report here the first artificial fabrication of riomarinaite (Bi(OH)SO4⋅H2O), a new mineral found in 2000 in Italy. Urchin-like Bi(OH)SO4⋅H2O lump-assembled films were obtained by potentiostatic anodization of bismuth electrodes in H2SO4 solution. The dissolution–precipitation mechanism can account for the formation of Bi(OH)SO4⋅H2O. The urchin-like Bi(OH)SO4⋅H2O served as precursor to prepare flower-like Bi2S3 by anion exchange. Photoelectrochemical property and wettability of the prepared urchin-like Bi(OH)SO4⋅H2O and flower-like Bi2S3 films have also been investigated.

Facet-dependent activity of bismuth sulfide as low-cost counter-electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells

Via density functional theory computation and experimental validation, we have compared the catalytic activities of different facets within Bi2S3, as counter-electrode (CE) materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The (130) facet has the largest surface energy, the best electronic conductivity, and the highest position of conduction band minima, indicating the most effective electron transfer from CEs to I−3 and the highest catalytic activities of Bi2S3 with (130) facets. To testify the computations, we also synthesized flower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures with dominantly exposed (130) and (211) facets, respectively, and investigated their catalytic activities through impedance spectra, I–V curves and conversion efficiency tests. DSSCs with (130) and (211) faceted Bi2S3 CEs exhibited conversion efficiencies of 3.5% and 1.9%, respectively, which further confirmed the superiority of (130) facets within Bi2S3. The findings provide some clues for designing and applying low-cost Pt-free DSSC CE materials from inorganic nanostructures.

Hydrothermal synthesis of flower-likeBi2S3 with nanorods in the diameter region of 30 nm

Flower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures consisting of nanorods with a lateral size of about 30 nm have been prepared via a thioglycolicacid (HSCH2COOH,TGA) assisted hydrothermal method. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the obtainedflower-like Bi2S3 nanostructures are of orthorhombic phase. High-resolution transmissionelectron microscopy (HRTEM) identifies that the flower-likeBi2S3 nanostructures are single crystalline in nature. It is believed that the sodiumthiosulfate (STS) as the sulfur source could facilitate the formation offlower-like embryos and the TGA could enhance the anisotropic growth ofBi2S3 nanorods initiated from the embryos. STS and TGA play the key roles in the formation of flower-likeBi2S3 nanostructures during the hydrothermal process.