Rose Flowers Research Articles

In Vitro Inhibitory Mechanism of Polyphenol Extracts from Multi-Frequency Power Ultrasound-Pretreated Rose Flower Against α-Glucosidase.

This paper explored the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of polyphenol-rich rose extracts (REs) from an edible rose flower against α-glucosidase using multispectral and molecular docking techniques. Results showed that REs had an inhibitory effect on α-Glu activity (IC50 of 1.96 μg/mL); specifically, the samples pretreated by tri-frequency ultrasound (20/40/60 kHz) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) stronger inhibitory effect on α-Glu activity with an IC50 of 1.33 μg/mL. The Lineweaver-Burk assay indicated that REs were mixed-type inhibitors and could statically quench the endogenous fluorescence of α-Glu. REs increased the chance of polypeptide chain misfolding by altering the microenvironment around tryptophan and tyrosine residues and disrupting the natural conformation of the enzyme. Molecular docking results showed that polyhydroxy phenolics had a high fit to the active site of α-Glu, so REs with high polymerization and numerous phenolic hydroxyl groups had a stronger inhibitory effect. Therefore, this study provides new insights into polyphenol-rich REs as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors.

Utilizing Bacterial Isolates from Leaf Apoplast of Cold-Resistant Plants to Enhance the Post-Harvest Longevity of Cut Rose Flowers

Utilizing Bacterial Isolates from Leaf Apoplast of Cold-Resistant Plants to Enhance the Post-Harvest Longevity of Cut Rose Flowers

RhLHY-RhTPPF-Tre6P Inhibits Flowering in Rosa hybrida Under Insufficient Light by Regulating Sugar Distribution.

Light is crucial for flower bud development in plants, serving as both signal and energy source. However, the mechanisms by which daylength and light intensity regulate flowering in modern roses remain unclear. In Rosa hybrida 'Carola', insufficient light delays flowering and reduces the sugar content in terminal buds. RNA sequencing identified the Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase F (RhTPPF) gene as a key responder to insufficient light, modulating Tre6P metabolism. Overexpression of RhTPPF in rose calli enhanced sugar accumulation and suppressed the synthesis of RhCO/FT. In tobacco, overexpression of RhTPPF delayed the transition from vegetative growth to flowering, while silencing RhTPPF in roses accelerated flowering. Silencing RhTPPF in roses elevated trehalose-6-phosphate (Tre6P) levels and decreased trehalose. Transcriptome data showed that the expression level of RhTPPF was highly correlated with the circadian rhythm gene LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (RhLHY). Yeast one-hybrid assays, dual luciferase assays and EMSA revealed that RhLHY directly binds to the RhTPPF promoters. Overexpression of RhLHY suppressed flowering, while silencing RhLHY promoted flowering. Furthermore, altering the expression of RhLHY influenced Tre6P synthesis and the expression of sucrose-related transport genes. These findings suggest a RhLHY-RhTPPF-Tre6P regulatory module that maintains sugar balance and inhibits flower formation under reduced light conditions by modulating sugar distribution.

Improving postharvest quality and vase life of cut rose flowers by pre-harvest foliar co-applications of γ-aminobutyric acid and calcium chloride

Rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L.) are highly perishable and have a limited vase life. This study evaluated the effects of preharvest foliar applications of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2), individually and combined, on antioxidant responses and vase life of cut Jumilia rose flowers. Treatments included foliar sprays of GABA at 0, 20, 40, and 60 mM and CaCl2 at 0, 0.75%, and 1.5%, applied in a factorial design within a completely randomized setup before harvest. Results showed GABA and CaCl2 interaction (especially, 60 mM GABA and 1.5% CaCl2) significantly increased enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants such as flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity in petals compared to control. SOD activity in roses, treated with CaCl2 (1.5%) and GABA (60 mM), peaked at 7.86 units. mg−1 protein min−1, showing a nearly 2.93-fold increase over the control (2.68 units. mg−1 protein min−1). A parallel trend was observed for CAT activity. These treatments also reduced petal malondialdehyde content and polyphenol oxidase activity. Protein content and vase life duration increased in all treatments. Plants treated with a combination of GABA (20 mM) and CaCl2 (0.75%), GABA (60 mM) and CaCl2 (1.5%), or GABA (40 mM) individually exhibited the longest vase life duration. The co-application of GABA and CaCl2 improved the antioxidant activity and postharvest quality of cut roses by reducing PPO activity and MDA contents, increasing protein content and prolonging vase life. This treatment is a potential postharvest strategy to improve antioxidant capacity and delay senescence in cut roses.

Fluorometric Determination of Fe3+ Ions Using Green Synthesized Carbon Quantum Dots from Damask Rose flowers

Background:: Carbon quantum dot synthesis, characterization, and applications have drawn a lot of attention lately. The most effective carbon precursors for creating carbon dots with intriguing chemical and physical characteristics are found in natural materials. Objectives:: In this study, we introduced a new approach using a carbon dot system that possesses both absorption and emission capabilities, allowing for the development of a fluorometric assay to detect Fe3+ metal ions. Method:: Hydrothermally, the Damask rose Carbon Quantum Dots (DRCQDs) were synthesized using Damask rose flower petals and various characterisations were performed, such as UV-Vis, FE-SEM, EDS, and Elemental mapping. The fluorescence intensity of CQDs varies depending on the particular metal ion present in the medium, and the blue fluorescence was selectively quenched. Results:: For the purpose of detecting Fe3+ ions at an excitation of 330 nm, CQDs were employed, which produced an extensive emission spectrum between 280 and 400 nm by varying the excitation wavelengths. More than other heavy metals, Fe3+ ions were observed to have a stronger fluorescence quenching effect for the CQDs. According to spectroscopic measurements, the generated carbon dots have a detection limit of 1.11 μM and could determine Fe3+ ions in the range of concentrations from 0–80 μM. Conclusion:: This new fluorescent carbon dot technology offers a promising method for the quick and effective identification of Fe3+ ions, particularly in real-world samples.

New Garden Rose (Rosa × hybrida) Genotypes with Intensely Colored Flowers as Rich Sources of Bioactive Compounds

Garden roses, known as Rosa × hybrida, hold a prominent position as one of the most important and economically valuable plants in horticulture. Additionally, their products—essential oil, rose water, concrete, and concentrate—find extensive use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food industries, due to their specific fragrances and potential health benefits. Rose flowers are rich in biologically active compounds, such as phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. This study aims to investigate the potential of five new garden rose genotypes with intensely colored flowers to serve as sources of biologically active compounds. Phenolic profile was evaluated by determination of total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and monomeric anthocyanins (TAC) contents and LC-MS/MS analysis of selected compounds. Antioxidant activity was evaluated via DPPH and FRAP assays, neuroprotective potential via acethylcholinesterase inhibition assay, and antidiabetic activity viaα-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays. The flowers of investigated genotypes were rich in phenolics (TPC varied from 148 to 260 mg galic acid eq/g de, TFC from 19.9 to 59.7 mg quercetin eq/g de, and TAC from 2.21 to 13.1 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside eq/g de). Four out of five genotypes had higher TPC than extract of R. damascene, the most famous rose cultivar. The dominant flavonoids in all investigated genotypes were glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity comparable to synthetic antioxidant BHT, very high α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, moderate neuroprotective activity, and low potential to inhibit α-amylase.

The Effect of Different Plant Hormones on the Preservation of Cut Rose Flowers

The Effect of Different Plant Hormones on the Preservation of Cut Rose Flowers

On the Origin of Cultivated Roses: DNA Authentication of the Bourbon Rose Founding Pedigree

Rose flowers have been cultivated for their fragrance and their garden value since ancient times. Very ancient cultivars became famous locally for their specific use, and competitive horticultural activities progressively established, leading, with time, to landraces with limited polymorphism. The most famous examples are the oil-bearing Damask roses from Iran and the Yueyue Fen garden strain from China. In 1817, a new rose, allegedly a hybrid from the two previous lineages, was discovered at Reunion. From this plant, as early as the 1820s, a new founder group, the Bourbon roses, was developed in France, which immediately stirred up deep passions among botanists and skilled enthusiasts. Today, more than 30,000 named cultivars have been raised either as garden and landscape plants for the cut rose market or as indoor pot plants. The market handles billions of euros a year, making the rose the most economically important crop worldwide. Following the inheritance of SSR DNA markers, we here propose a reconstitution of the very early lineage of Bourbon roses, clarifying one of the major steps, if not the major one, that links these very ancient heritage roses to modern roses.

Flowering Phenology of Shrub Roses as a Sensitive Indicator of Meteorological Variability in Central Europe

Abstract Climate change and warming affect the development cycle of ornamental plants and, thus, their quality and ornamental value. The study aimed to investigate the flowering phenology of 37 cultivars of shrub roses in response to meteorological conditions based on eight years of observations. Based on 14,800 field records, we grouped shrub rose cultivars according to their dominant flowering stage as a sensitive indicator of variability in weather conditions. We also selected the rose cultivars that would retain the highest ornamental value even at increasing temperatures. The total flowering duration of the cultivars ranged from 31 to 115 days (mean 90.4 days) and was significantly positively correlated with temperature. Meteorological conditions significantly influenced individual flowering stages (FS) and a trend of changes concerning the long-term gradient was observed: the increase in temperature extended FS10 and shortened FS25, FS50, and FS75 but did not affect FS100. If the warming trend continues, the abundant flowering of roses may be shortened considerably. Rose cultivars with the longest flowering period at FS10 abundance may adapt better to rising temperatures, and, therefore may be more useful in landscape planning and management.

Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-aging Purple Herbal Gel Cream

The aim of this present study is to prepare and formulate a herbal Anti-Aging gel cream. In this study cream were formulated based on the anti-oxidants potential of herbal extracts. The cream was formulated using natural ingredients like butterfly pea flowers and Rose flowers, and Aloe vera. Evaluation of formulation was done on different parameters like PH, Spreadibility, stability, good consistency, homogeneity, appearance. The formulations are safe to use for skin. This herbal gel cream is more stable and safe. It can be concluded that herbal gel cream having anti-oxidants property can be used as provision of a barrier to protect the skin and avoid aging the skin.

Empowering Cihideung Village Farmers in Using Rose Flowers as Pharmaceutical Raw Materials

Roses (Rosa Damascene Mill) are the most prominent crops of the Cihideung Village community. During the COVID-19 pandemic, flower farmers needed help with marketing, so many of the roses were unused. These empowerment activities aim to increase the public's knowledge and capacity to use roses as a pharmaceutical. The activities are carried out offline in the form of workshops. The raw materials are fresh rose flowers, tools, ingredients for making rose water infusions, soap, and oil. Analysis of outcome was assessed using questionnaires before and after the workshop as well as observation of the enthusiasm of participants during the activity. The results showed an improvement in the knowledge and skills of the public regarding the use of roses. The community also provided guides for the improvement of their capacity independently and access to the technical video through YouTube. Activity publications are delivered in digital media as a promotion. The full support of the provincial government and local villages will strengthen the synergy and sustainability of these activities, and hopefully, in the future, this knowledge can improve and become an independent enterprise of the community of Cihideung Villages.

Morphological Characters, Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Novel Garden Roses Edible Cultivars

Modern roses (Rosa × hybrida) are among the most important and economically profitable horticultural plants. Besides their beauty and remarkable fragrance, they are also rich sources of biologically active compounds with potential health benefits. The aim of this study was to valorize the prospective of six new genotypes of edible roses to be utilized as functional foods. Rose flowers were subjected to detailed characterization of morphological traits, fragrance analysis, GC-MS analysis of aroma carriers, determination of phenolic profile and vitamin C content, and evaluation of biological activities. The results showed that all the investigated cultivars have a favorable aroma for human consumption (pear-like, strawberry-like or fruity), high contents of phenolics and vitamin C, strong antioxidant content and moderate neuroprotective activity. They are characterized by large amounts of quercetin 3-O-glycosydes and quinic acid. The genotype ‘Marija Frayla’ stands out from others due to facilitated flower morphology, the highest level of total phenolics (217 mg of galic acid equivalents/g of dry extract) and the strongest antioxidant activity (in the DPPH assay, IC50 = 9.24 µg/mL; and antioxidant potential in the FRAP assay was 220 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g of dry extract), thus represents the most valuable amendment to the development of novel functional food products. The ‘Eveline Wild’ genotype has the highest neuroprotective activity (68.5 ng of eserine equivalents/g of dry extract), thus might be applied in the prevention of dementia. The ‘Pear’ cultivar with the lowest phenolics content and biological activity has a mild, fruity aroma, thus can be used in everyday eating.

Standardization of Rose Flower Propagation by Improving the Climatic Conditions in India

To get the better quality flowers, the agricultural / Horticultural practices have to be applied at proper time and in proper way. In the present investigation the planting time of rose root-stock was standardized alongwith the way of planting in the soil beds. Planting time was taken as January, February and March because plants are very sensitive to the temperature, photo period and the air moisture. Any deviation in then even a week or a fortnight may affect yield and quality of flowers in ease of flowering plants. Another important factor in plant growth is soil, where root established and moride nourishment to the plant. In this experiment, the rose cuttings were planted on ridges, flat beds. and in polythene bags. The observations recorded showed that cuttings when planted on ridges and in flat bed yielded better flower and good plant growth. February was found to be suitable time for the better and quicker growth time.

Influence of Suboptimal Temperature on Flower Quality and Floral Organ Development in Spray-Type Cut Rose ‘Pink Shine’

Low temperatures commonly delay flowering in cut roses but enhance final flower quality, i.e., biomass, petal doubling, and flower size. However, this information remains unclear for spray-type cut roses. This study was conducted to understand the effect of suboptimal temperatures on flower quality in the spray-type cut rose ‘Pink Shine.’ The 6-month-old rooted cuttings were cultivated in environmentally controlled growth chambers at four temperature levels: 25/20 °C (optimal temperature, OT) and 20/20 °C, 20/15 °C, and 15/15 °C (suboptimal temperatures, SOTs). As expected, SOTs significantly delayed the flowering time (11.2–25 days) but enhanced flower quality, with 51% and 160% increases in flower size and biomass, respectively. SOTs did not statistically amplify petal numbers, as expected, compared with OT. Instead, SOTs significantly increased stamen and carpel numbers by 1.3 and 2 times, respectively, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in total floral organ formation. Moreover, SOTs increased the mRNA levels of A-function genes (RhAP1** and RhFUL**) and C-function genes (RhSHP*) but suppressed the B-function gene (RhPI*), which is linked to the development of plant reproductive structures (stamen and carpel) in spray-type cut roses. Conclusively, the growth temperature was more effective for quantity accumulation than for the number of petals but was similar in carpels. These results suggest that SOTs enhance carpel differentiation during flowering, implying that flowers may choose a reproductive strategy through carpels over petals.

Antimicrobial Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed (HOCl) Water on Botrytis cinerea of Cut Rose Flowers

Antimicrobial Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed (HOCl) Water on Botrytis cinerea of Cut Rose Flowers

Supplementary Top LED Lighting Improved Physiological Parameters and the Postharvest Life of Cut Rose Flowers

Supplementary Top LED Lighting Improved Physiological Parameters and the Postharvest Life of Cut Rose Flowers

Recovery of Rose Flower Waste to Formulate Eco-Friendly Biopolymer Packaging Films.

Considering the circular principles of materials and investigating the possibility to use waste materials before their final disposal, in this work, dry rose flower (DRF) and rose flower waste (RFW), after oil extraction, have been considered as suitable materials for the formulation of biopolymer packaging films. Both DRF and RFW particles have been characterized by spectroscopy analysis, and their radical scavenger ability has been investigated. Moreover, DRF and RFW particles have been added by melt mixing to PolyLactic Acid (PLA), and formulated PLA-based films have been studied through rheology analysis, mechanical test, differential scanning calorimetry, and microscopy observations. Finally, the influence of both DRF and RFW particles on the photo-oxidation behavior of PLA has been evaluated by subjecting thin films to UVB exposure, and the progress of degradation has been monitored following the accumulations of oxygen-containing groups in time. Obtained results suggest that both DRF and RFW have a beneficial effect on the photo-oxidation behavior of PLA, and they can slow down PLA degradation upon UVB exposure. Therefore, PLA-based composite materials could be considered a good candidate for applications as packaging films.

Enhancement of body coloration of sword-tail fish (Xiphophorus helleri): Plant-derived bio-resources could be converted into a potential dietary carotenoid supplement

The effects of natural plant-derived carotenoid sources on body coloration and growth performance of Sword-Tail Fish (Xiphophorus helleri) were investigated using four different dietary treatments; Commercial Feed (CF), China Rose Flower (CRF), Marigold Flower (MFF), and Carrot (CAF). CF was used as the control treatment without a natural source of carotenoids. The sources were mixed with feed (15 g/100 g) during the diet preparation. Fish were fed with four treatments twice a day for eight weeks, and then sampling was done weekly. A total of 96 fish were used for the experiment, and the mean initial weights were 3.314 g. MFF-treated fishes showed better growth performance in terms of mean weight, length and Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and carotenoid gain than the other treatments. The lowest Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) was also observed in the MFF-treated fish. The study suggested that marigold flower mixed feed could increase the body coloration and boost the growth performance of sword-tail fish and may be manufactured.

APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS IN GREEN CHEMISTRY TO EDUCATION USING ROSE FLOWER EXTRACT AS ACID-BASE INDICATOR.

Currently, there is increasing awareness in global sustainability. To make sure that prospective generations of chemists are fortified with appropriate knowledge on how to safeguard the earth for future generations, substantial efforts and variations in educational programs/curriculum at our various institutions will be needed. Green Chemistry is considered as significant tool to control the rise of hazardous chemicals, encourages revolution of product that are eco-friendly and economically stable. Synthetic chemical used in the laboratory as indicator for acid- base titrations can be switched to using the natural indicators from various flower extract and as well gives accurate results. This study therefore applied the concept of green chemistry principles and tools into chemistry learning to produce acid-base indicator from Rose flower (Rosa sp.) extract by extraction method, then macerated and extracted again in ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform respectively, It was tested in solution of pH 1-12 and found out that Rosa sp is a good replacement for phenolphthalein, methyl red, etc. indicators for different acid and bases. It is then concluded that natural indicators are substitute to synthetic indicator. This therefore reflects green chemistry principles 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12, respectively. The flower is eco-friendly, simple to prepare, pollution free, harmless to health and inert. It was then recommended that institutions should (1) Create awareness of green chemistry principles and tools to their Chemistry students (2) Enforce their Chemistry lecturers to imbibe the use of natural indicators for their various titrations carried out in the institution laboratory to promote sustainable development.

Eco-Printing: Domestic technique of textile printing using the leaves of Rose Indica

Clothing is one of the basic needs of human being; it has many functions like protection, identification, modesty, status and adornment. Human beings always loved to adorn their body and clothes by various techniques of value addition. Printing their clothes with colours are one of them. There are many printing techniques which can be used to print the clothes at domestic level like block printing, screen printing, stencil printing, hand printing etc. One of the latest techniques is eco printing. It is a technique of printing clothes by putting various parts of plants into the layers of fabric and steaming them for specific time period. Rose Indica (Rose flower) have many medicinal property, petal of rose flower is used in various edible and cosmetic products, but almost in all cases the leaves of this plant is discarded. In this experimental study an effort has been made to develop botanic print of rose leaves on silk and cotton fabric, standardizing the process and testing the colourfastness of the prints. Developed prints were tested for colourfastness to washing, dry cleaning, perspiration, rubbing, and sunlight exposure by following various ISO and AATCC standards, as no harmful chemicals were used, the developed products are also considered as eco-friendly. Results shows that the rose leaves printed cotton fabric develop clear print on fabric with bright colours; it also produces excellent colour fastness to washing, perspiration, dry cleaning and crocking but it exhibit poor colourfastness to exposure to sunlight.