Flower Oil Research Articles

Sacred eyes: Formulation and evaluation of Ficus religiosa herbal kajal

In India, kohl has been used for cosmetic purposes for centuries it is use as cosmetic and treats the eye problems. Kajal is mainly used for eye makeup. Herbal kohl is a product used as a medicine because a cosmetic was a new prescribing method. The aim of the preparing formulation that is medicated herbal kajal is to treat eye inflammation and eliminate redness of the eye. Stability and patient-friendly nature are the main advantages of these products. The medicinal products Ficus Religiosa, Rose oil, Almond oil, Camphor and Ghee are used to formulate the herbal kajal. Evaluation of the medicated herbal kajal is carried out by using the different parameter like pH, Spreadability, Physical evaluation etc., the black soot (kajal powder) is prepared by using copper plate and evaluated.

In Vitro Inhibitory Mechanism of Polyphenol Extracts from Multi-Frequency Power Ultrasound-Pretreated Rose Flower Against α-Glucosidase

This paper explored the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of polyphenol-rich rose extracts (REs) from an edible rose flower against α-glucosidase using multispectral and molecular docking techniques. Results showed that REs had an inhibitory effect on α-Glu activity (IC50 of 1.96 μg/mL); specifically, the samples pretreated by tri-frequency ultrasound (20/40/60 kHz) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) stronger inhibitory effect on α-Glu activity with an IC50 of 1.33 μg/mL. The Lineweaver–Burk assay indicated that REs were mixed-type inhibitors and could statically quench the endogenous fluorescence of α-Glu. REs increased the chance of polypeptide chain misfolding by altering the microenvironment around tryptophan and tyrosine residues and disrupting the natural conformation of the enzyme. Molecular docking results showed that polyhydroxy phenolics had a high fit to the active site of α-Glu, so REs with high polymerization and numerous phenolic hydroxyl groups had a stronger inhibitory effect. Therefore, this study provides new insights into polyphenol-rich REs as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors.

ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ESSENTIAL OILS EXTRACTED FROM Viola odorata L. CULTIVATED IN IRAQ

This study was aimed to determine the composition of essential oil contained in Viola odorata flowers and leaves. As well as assessing the cytotoxic effects of this oil on cancer cells and its antioxidant properties. A GC-Mass analysis was conducted to reveal essential oil components in flowers and leaves. For testing the antioxidant capacity of flowers and leaves oil, DPPH (1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), resazurin dye, and hydroxyl were used. An in vitro study was conducted using lung cancer (A549) and breast normal (MCF-10) cell lines with concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 µl/ml of V. odorata L. essential oil. According to the results, essential oils derived from flowers and leaves contain different components in terms of quality and quantity. At a concentration of 300 µl/ml, the results showed that flowers' essential oil was highly antioxidant (98.16 %, 92.47%, 94.00 %) when combined with DPPH, resazurin dye, and hydroxyl, respectively. There was variation in cytotoxic effects on cancer cells based on oil concentrations and sources (flowers and leaves). In conclusion, the A549 cell line was significantly affected by flower oil than by leaves oil. The highest effect of flower oil was observed at a concentration of 300 µl/ml.

New insights from the integration of dapsone, flutamide, tea tree oil, and rose oil as a topical combined microemulsion for the management of Acne Vulgaris: Design, development, and in vitro/in vivo characterization

Acne vulgaris (AV) is a multifactorial sebaceous glands disorder resulting from androgen receptor activation associated with follicular colonization by bacteria. Oral administration of the androgenic antagonist flutamide (FLU) and the antibacterial dapsone (DAP) may cause several side effects. Hence, this study aimed to design a topical microemulsion (ME) combining these drugs to manage AV. Drugs solubility was examined in different oils, surfactants and cosurfactants. Pre-formulation and compatibility studies were performed. The selected MEs were characterized to determine one ME to be investigated regarding stability, and skin irritation as well as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-acne activities. Based on the in vitro characterization of the selected MEs, o/w ME (F1) based on 15 % w/w oils (tea tree oil (TTO)/rose oil (RO)) and 40%w/w of tween 20 as surfactant together with transcutol p as co-surfactant was chosen as the optimized ME. The results revealed that F1 showed acceptable pH, viscosity, conductivity, and droplet size (172.6 ± 9.7 nm). The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation of DAP and FLU were efficiently enhanced by their combination in F1. Moreover, F1 exhibited considerable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Topical application of F1 resulted in low expression levels of interleukin 1β associated with a reduction in the number of androgenic receptors (AR). In conclusion, F1 could be suggested as a combination topical therapy to control AV via its anti-inflammatory, anti-acne, and antimicrobial activities.

Cosmeceuticals are the product of cosmetics that are biologically active ingredient that impersonates to medical or drug benefits. But the daily use of synthetic results in many side effects and need of organic lip balms is roaring in the society. In the

Cosmeceuticals are the product of cosmetics that are biologically active ingredient that impersonates to medical or drug benefits. But the daily use of synthetic results in many side effects and need of organic lip balms is roaring in the society. In the present study we, aimed to formulate organic lip balm using natural ingredients. Lip balm has been formulated using Golden shower flower, red cabbage, honey, ghee, beeswax, vitamin E and coconut oil. Various parameters such as stability, melting point, spreadability, pH, were evaluated for the evaluation of lip balm. pH was found to be 6 and melting point was 60°C 65°C for cassia lip balm and red cabbage lip balm respectively. On preforming skin irritation test the formulation was found to be not irritant, and formulation was observed to be stable. Lip balm from above ingredients could be a better option for daily use to a small extend for minor lip issues.

Comparative evaluation of anticancer potential of Spilanthes paniculata leaf and flower essential oil using annexin V and orosphere formation in oral cancer cell line.

Spilanthes paniculata, a member of the Asteraceae family, is predominantly used as a traditional remedy in addressing oral ailments, particularly gum infections and sore throat. The flowers are chewed to alleviate toothache immediately. This study evaluated a comparison between the essential oils of leaf and flower derived from Spilanthes paniculata targeting the SCC9 oral cell lines using in vitro and in silico approaches. The anticancer activity was performed through an MTT assay, apoptosis assays using annexin V and orospheres formation assays. Molecular docking was performed between five selected phytocompounds against the p53 protein by using AutoDock 4.2.6 software. The results confirmed that the flower essential oil significantly reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 113.95µg/mL. The apoptosis assays showed that the flower essential oil was approximately 2.5 times more effective in inducing early apoptosis at 50µg/mL compared to the essential oil of the leaf. The orosphere formation assays further confirmed the anticancer potential of the flower essential oil. Spathulenol exhibited strong hydrogen bonding with the p53 protein. The ADMET prediction tools were used to predict the in silico pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties of the phytoconstituents. The results suggested that Spathulenol and Nerolidol have high gastrointestinal absorption (GIA), with estimated solubility (ESOL) values of -3.17 and -3.22, respectively, falling within the optimal range. These findings suggest that the flower's essential oil efficiently prevented the proliferation of oral cancer and observed a notable degree of cell death, inducing apoptosis and suggesting its significant antiproliferative activity against cancerous cell line which could be explored further for therapeutic applications.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from Alyssoides utriculata (L.) Medik

The chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils acquired from the separated parts of air-dried flowers, leaves, and stems of Alyssoides utriculata L. plant growing in Turkiye were determined. Three volatile oil components were acquired via hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by the Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Flame Ionization Detection (GC-MS/FID) analysis. A total of 75, 67, and 76 compounds in the volatile oils of flower, leaves, and stem of A. utriculata were identified, respectively. The highest percentage of chemical compounds in the essential oils of A. utriculata were determined to be monoterpenes in flowers and leaves, (72.4% and 66.5%) and hydrocarbons (29.2%) in stems. While α-pinene (62.5% and 46.7%) was defined as the major compound in the flowers and leaves, nonane (21.2%) was determined to be so in the stem essential oil. The antioxidant activity of the obtained essential oils was determined according to free radical scavenging and total phenolic content (TPC), and antimicrobial activity against 12 bacteria and 5 fungi, using the agar dilution method. The amount of TPC and scavenging activity of the flower oil were found to be 440.61 ± 6.26 mg GAE/L and 46.00 ± 1.28%, respectively. Based on the antimicrobial activity results, all the essential oils of A. utriculata were determined to have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Use of Carrot Oil, Olive Oil, Pine Oil, Rose Oil in Comparison to Xylene as Clearing Agent During Tissue Processing: an in Vitro Study

ABSTRACT: Background: Clearing plays a vital role in histological section preparation. Xylene has long been valued for its ability to efficiently deparaffinize and clear tissue samples. However, its hazardous properties have raised health and environmental concerns, leading researchers to seek alternative solvents for tissue processing. This study utilized safer substitutes to address these concerns. Aim: To assess the clearing ability of four different oils i.e., Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, and Rose oil in comparison with that of xylene. Materials and Methods: Thirty different formalin-fixed tissue samples were cut into five parts and cleared using Carrot oil, Olive oil, Pine oil, Rose oil, and xylene followed by routine processing, sectioning, and staining steps. Presence or absence of shrinkage, ease of cutting, nucleus, cytoplasm details and staining quality were assesed and comparison was done between each of them cleared with the 4 different oils with that cleared using xylene. Results: The results showed that all four oils cleared tissues as effectively as xylene, with Pine oil superior in nucleus and cytoplasm details, as well as staining quality insignificant number of samples. Conclusion: These oils not only more affordable and eco-friendly than xylene but can also serve as effective clearing agents.

Chemical composition of γ-irradiated German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) flower essential oils, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and effects on growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans

Radiation-induced mutations have been the most commonly used technique for the development of mutant varieties. The primary aim has been to upgrade the existing plant varieties by varying a few major traits responsible for limiting metabolite productivity. The increasing regulations on protected plant varieties and germplasms have restricted their use. The induced mutants have played a vital role in strengthening the plant breeding program. The medicinal and aromatic plants have been poorly explored for mutation breeding. CSIR-CIMAP has initiated a mutation breeding program on some of the high-value plants, like Matricaria. As a result, we could develop gamma-rays-induced stable accessions. Genus Matricaria is well known for the biosynthesis of diverse bioactive plant secondary metabolites as well as for its traditional and healthcare benefits documented in Ph. Eur. In the present work, gamma-irradiated stable accessions of German chamomile, Matricaria recutita L., have been investigated for their essential oil composition and biological assessment. After a thorough investigation for a two-year cropping period, we have observed that some accessions contain the highest α-bisabolol oxide B proportions (24.3–55.3%), while quite a few showed chamazulene (2.9–5.8%), α-bisabolone oxide A (6.5–38%), and α-bisabolol oxide A (30.1–55.3%). A few accessions were marked by the presence of lavandulol, an irregular monoterpenoid of high fragrance value. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory properties of these gamma-irradiated accessions were also evaluated. The accessions G6-R5-5 and G2-R1-6 exhibited maximum inhibition against S. aureus whereas G2-R1-1 arrested the growth of C. albicans. Furthermore, G2R1-3 composition is responsible for reducing AChE and inflammation in cell lines. These results may open up ways to develop plant-derived consumer products from Matricaria recutita L.

Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flower

Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oil of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Flower

Chemical Analysis of Pomegranate Flower Essential Oil in Türkiye

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) grows naturally in a wide area from northwest Türkiye to western and northern Pakistan and is also cultivated throughout subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Pomegranate is in the form of a spiny shrub or a small tree. The barks, fruit peels, flowers, and seeds of the plant are used in traditional medicine due to their ellagitannin and polyphenol content and are used to treat circulatory system disorders. In this study, essential oil (EO) of P. granatum flowers was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. As a result, the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained was elucidated. As a result, nine compounds representing 99.9% of the essential oil of P. granatum flowers were characterized, with hexadecanoic acid (52.4%), linoleic acid (15.2%), heptacosane (10.1%), and pentacosane (10.1%) as the major components. Notably, this research marks the first comprehensive examination of the essential oil of pomegranate flowers in Türkiye.

Insight into anti-corrosion behavior of Cladanthus mixtus (L.) flower extracts as a biodegradable inhibitor for carbon steel in acid medium: Experimental and theoretical studies

This study conducted a comprehensive investigation into the corrosion inhibition potency of the essential oil of flowers (EOF) and the aqueous extract of flowers (AQEF), a by-product liquid waste derived from the extraction process of Clandanthus mixtus (L.), towards carbon steel in 1 M HCl. Phytochemical screening, gas chromatography (GC), and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to explore the chemical composition of the extracts. Flavonoids, tannins, and coumarins were identified as chemical families present in the extracts, while palmitic acid (10 %) and arcurcumene (39.1 %) were found to be the most important constituents, comprising 49.1 % of the total composition of the essential oil. Electrochemical techniques, including Tafel extrapolation methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of the extracts. The inhibition efficiencies reached a maximum of 80 % following a mixed-type inhibition mechanism. The temperature effect was evaluated, revealing a physisorption process followed by desorption at higher temperatures. The synergistic effect between the extract and potassium iodide was assessed at different doses, demonstrating their cooperative role in reducing steel surface deterioration. Surface micrographs were acquired through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) method in the presence of AQEF, confirming the establishment of a protective barrier that mitigates the corrosive effects of hydrochloric acid. Additionally, this study employed Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the behavior of AQEF compounds against corrosion.

Insight into sensory characteristics and volatile differences of freeze-dried Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. flower essential oil-casein phospholipid nanocomposites sustained-release scented tea by combining GC-E-nose and SBSE-GC-MS

Scented tea is popular for its attractive flavor and health benefits, but cumbersome processing limits its production. In this study, freeze-dried optimized casein nano-embedded Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. flower essential oil combined with phospholipids (CAVAO-CPNs) sustained-release aroma was used to efficiently process high-quality scented tea. Sensory evaluation and GC-E-Nose analysis indicated that new the newly processed scented tea (NST) had higher floral quality than the traditional scented tea (TST). SBSE-GC-MS identified 76 volatile compounds. Further analysis indicated that the levels of 21 key compounds increased significantly in scented tea, accounting for 94.4% and 69.3% of the total NST and TST, respectively. The total aroma content of NST was 9.08 times higher than that of TST. Relative odor activity values revealed six aroma characteristics dominated by floral aromas such as linalool, geranyl acetate etc. Correlation analysis indicated that NST has advantages over TST in terms of sensory intensity and the odor contribution of aroma compounds.

Scientific application in the Islamic World: Advent of agriculture in Saudi Arabia

Abstract – The paper explores a survey of texts as well as physical surveys in Saudi Arabia to establish the importance that the Islamic culture places on scientific and technological development, along with preserving traditions and culture. This has led them to become reasonably large producers of food grains, fruits, vegetables as well as horticultural plants. Also, industries around these produce have also been encouraged. The political turmoils of the region notwithstanding, the Islamic people are part of the great human endeavour of life. Key words: Islamic Agronomy, Nomadic Pastoralists, Rose Oils.

Preparation And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Scented Candle Using Volatile Oils Extracted By Enfleurage Method

Background: Medicinal plants serve dual roles, offering remedies for various diseases and income-generation opportunities. Ancient Indian texts, including Ayurveda, extensively document plant use in healthcare. Globally, medicinal plants are vital resources in the fight against severe diseases. Essential oils in plants provide distinct aromas, flavors, and pathogen protection. Tithonia erecta flower oil boasts a complex composition with diverse beneficial properties. Exocarp extract from Citrus sinensis differs from juice or leaf extracts, containing more lipophilic compounds but fewer glycosylated compounds and lacking cyanidins and sterols. Eucalyptus globulus oil acts as an antiseptic and anti-spasmodic stimulant for respiratory issues. Scented candles are a popular relaxation method, promoting well-being through ambient lighting. This study aims to create practical scented candles using natural materials like soy wax, beeswax, and essential oils. Methods: The desired candle should offer a long burn time, be cost-effective, and pose no health risks to users. The candle composition includes gel wax, vegetable or animal fat, eucalyptus leaves, marigold petals, and orange peels. This study involves preparing and evaluating polyherbal scented candles using volatile oils extracted through the enfleurage method. Results: The phytochemical analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of volatile oils, alkaloids and proteins. The FTIR analysis reveals the presence of OH group in these extracts. Conclusion: This research successfully developed a natural polyherbal scented candle with extended burn time, cost-effectiveness, and user safety. Antioxidants prevent undesired changes during production and use. The candle contains gel wax, vegetable or animal fat, eucalyptus leaves, marigold petals, and orange peels. Evaluation tests confirmed safety and effectiveness. Among formulations, F1 is fragrance-minimal and allergy-free, while others may cause counter-irritation. This eco-friendly product provides a fresh herbal fragrance for stress relief and is competitively priced.

Determination of the Biochemical and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Rose Oil (Rosa damascena Mill.) Collected in Different Time Periods

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activities of oil of rose petals collected at different time intervals during the day. The results of the present study revealed that significant changes occurred in the biochemical content of the oil of rose petals due to collecting at various intervals in a day. The total phenolic content exhibited a statistically significant increase over the day, reaching a 151.57% increment by 14.00 p.m. compared to the initial level. Similarly, total flavonoid content and total antioxidant activity progressively increased. Proline, known for its versatile roles, including antioxidant defense, increased from 7.43 mg g-1 in the morning to 24.96 mg g-1. Significant temporal changes were observed in antioxidant enzyme activities as well. Catalase (CAT) activity, for instance, increased by 588.22% from 6.00 a.m. to 14.00 p.m., with similar alterations noted in superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) activities. The results highlight a correlation between flower collection time and biochemical activities, with a noticeable increase in antioxidant enzyme activities as the day progresses. The findings emphasize the importance of considering plant physiology and environmental factors when determining optimal flower collection times. In conclusion, it can be said that the collection time of flowers influences the quality of rose oil and early morning collection may be more suitable.

Dynamics of flower production and flower oil components from two accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata) in dry season

Dynamics of flower production and flower oil components from two accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata) in dry season

Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Gels using Essential Oils

Herbal Formulation has been accepted as a therapeutic agent for several diseases, due to its efficiency AND fewer side effect. This present research has been undertaken with the aim to formulate & evaluate herbal antimicrobial gels using essential oils (Rose Oil, Almond oil, Lemon Oil, Citronella Oil) gel formulations were prepared using Carbopol 940, ethanol, PEG 400 and required amount of distilled water. The physical parameters of formulated gels like colour, homogeneity, pH, viscosity and spreadability were evaluated. The gels were evaluated for antibacterial efficiency by the agar diffusion method against S. Aureus, E. coli. The herbal gels showed that formulations containing Essential oils have better antibacterial activity.

Prevalence of cannabis use and the frequency, types, and sources of cannabis products used in northern remote territories of the Canadian legal cannabis market.

The Cannabis Policy Study in the Territories (CPST) is an annual repeat cross-sectional study aiming to evaluate the impacts of cannabis legalization in the Canadian territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut), where there is a paucity of data on cannabis use. This current study's objective was to describe the 2022 CPST, including methods, population prevalence estimates of cannabis use, and legal cannabis sources and perceptions in the territories. The 2022 CPST includes 2462 respondents (aged 16 +) residing in the territories who either use or do not use cannabis. Respondents were recruited through mail-push-to-web invitations sent via licensed mailing lists, sampling from a near census of households in the territories. Population-weighted indicators of cannabis use are described. Past 12-month cannabis use was self-reported by 46.1%, and 21.8% self-reported daily/almost daily use. The most commonly used product types among past 12-month consumers were dried flower (73.4%), edibles (59.0%), and vape oils (35.7%). On average, 74.8% of cannabis products used in the past 12months were from legal sources, though legal sourcing varied by product type (54.4‒92.2%). Cannabis consumers reported favourable perceptions of legal compared to illegal cannabis products regarding quality, convenience, and safety, but a lesser extent for price. Cannabis use is highly prevalent in the territories, particularly daily/almost daily use, and legal market penetration is high despite region remoteness. Following cannabis legalization, monitoring cannabis use prevalence and patterns in remote regions is important for informing the development of harm reduction and prevention initiatives that consider the unique needs of these regions.

Essential oil of Lippia multiflora Moldenke Flowers Quenches Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Biofilm Formation and Motilities

Bacteria use different types of motilities in order to colonize and adapt to new environments. These motilities also play an important role in the formation of biofilm, allowing bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics and host’s immune systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of essential oils of Lippia multiflora flowers to inhibit biofilm formation and motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The capacity of essential oil of Lippia multiflora flowers to inhibit biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated spectrophotometrically by using the crystal violet method. The property of the essential oil to inhibit different types of motilities such as swimming, swarming and twitching was further evaluated by measuring the diameters of bacterial migration on liquid or semi-liquid Luria Bertani agar medium. The essential oil exhibited good anti-biofilm activity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At a concentration of 1%, essential oil presented a degree of biofilm inhibition similar to that of salicylic acid used as a reference (P > 0.05). In addition, the essential oil significantly inhibited swarming, twitching and swimming in Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to the control (P < 0.001). The inhibition of biofilm formation as well as that of bacterial motility increases with the concentration of the essential oil. The essential oil of Lippia multiflora flowers possesses an anti-bacterial potential to fight against multi-resistant bacteria.