Flowchart Techniques Research Articles

Optimization of Human, Technological, Administrative Resources for Decision-Making in Information Security Governance

Problems for decision-making in information security governance are persistent because there are no adequate models. The objective is to generate a model that optimizes human, technological and administrative resources for decision-making in the governance of Information Security. The deductive method and exploratory research were used. A resource optimization model with 95% reliability generated by Cronbach's Alpha resulted; the mathematical justification of the business, information and application architecture with 96.13%, 95.89% and 95.20% confidence respectively generated by the Pearson correlation; an enterprise architecture context diagram; and an algorithm expressed with flowchart techniques with 98.21% degree of association in its elements generated by the multiple correlation coefficient. It was concluded that with the proposed model, a company's resources can be optimized for information security governance; so that managers have adequate support for making decisions with a mathematical basis with simulations in quantities of components within the architectures; so that the function in business management becomes simpler by applying a general model that can be adapted to various types of companies to achieve success for decision making in security governance of information security.

Laboratuvarlar Tarafından Reddedilen Hasta Numunelerinin Kök Neden Analizi: 21 Adım Uygulaması Örneği

Aim: Root cause analysis is widely used in healthcare services to analyze the causes of near misses and adverse events with a systematic approach. This study, it is aimed to determine the root causes of rejected samples, define corrective/preventive actions, and create an action plan that will help the implementation of the suggested remedial actions and evaluate their effectiveness.
 Material and Methods: For the 21-step methodology, observation, interview, document and record review techniques were applied. The steps of the process were visualized with the flowchart technique and the reasons for rejected samples were analyzed with team members. The identified causes were visualized with the Fishbone Diagram technique, and the risk reduction strategies and improvement actions for rejected samples were determined by the Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) method. The Action Hierarchy tool was used to evaluate the power of improvement actions.
 Results: The root causes of rejected samples were identified as inadequate orientation and training practices, lack of applicability of policies and procedures, lack of monitoring and evaluation, inefficient process flow and lack of equipment. A total of 11 improvement actions were determined and planned for these root causes. It was predicted that there will be an approximately 64.5% decrease in risk scores in general with the basic measures presented in the performed FMEA.
 Conclusion: Overall, it was found that the 21-step methodology is suitable for determining root causes by offering detailed guidance.

Analisis Peningkatan Kontrol Warehouse Trucking Melalui Strategi Business Process Mapping Pada PT. Berkah Multi Cargo

The process of trucking at the warehouse at PT Berkah Multi Cargo (BMC) Logistics there is a problem where the trucking data input process in the warehouse is still done manually. This makes the process of distributing information in each division take a long time, therefore there is a need for improvement. The purpose of this study is to analyze to improve control of the trucking process at the warehouse. The type of research used in this study is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. While the data collection techniques used in this study were observation and face to face interviews. Informants / resource persons or subjects in the study were determined by purposive sampling. The results of this study can be used as a reference by companies, especially logistics companies to improve control of the warehouse trucking process by creating systems such as the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) describing a business process diagram based on flow chart techniques. This research is limited to PT Berkah Multi Cargo (BMC) Logistics, to make a system it takes people who are experts in the IT field so that the system can be implemented.

Business Process Analysis and Modeling Using the Business Process Improvement Framework at the Internal Quality Assurance STMIK STIKOM Indonesia

STMIK STIKOM Indonesia is a college that organizes two study programs namely Informatics Engineering and Computer Systems. STIKI Indonesia has set SPMI in accordance with the PPEPP cycle. To ensure that SPMI can run as stipulated, the monitoring process is carried out with an Internal Quality Audit (AMI) facilitated by the STIKI Indonesia Internal Quality Assurance Institute (LPMI). Repeated business processes cause delays in obtaining the results of AMI's recapitulation, even though the results of the recapitulation are urgently needed as a report in the Senate Meeting to be evaluated as an effort to improve quality management at STMIK STIKOM Indonesia.
 Therefore the business process model that runs on the implementation of the Internal Quality Audit of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia will further be identified the existing problems and be analyzed and corrected. Business Process Improvement (BPI) is an approach or method that the writer will use to improve existing business processes at the AMI stage. BPI aims to improve business processes and ensure that issues in an organization's business processes are handled properly. Business process modeling that will be used is Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) which is a tool to describe or model business process diagrams based on flowchart techniques, arranged to create graphical models of business operations where there are activities and flow controls that define work order

THE USE OF MIND MAPPING AND FLOW CHARTING IN TEACHING ENGLISH WRITING SKILL OF INTROVERTED STUDENTS

Introverted student is a type of student who has a personality related to the world in his own mind. Based on some researches results, they showed that the type of introverted students is getting lower in achievement compared to the extroverted type. For this reason, the researchers tried to apply the techniques in order to improve the introverted students’ achievement in learning English. The researchers focused on the writing skill. So, the writing techniques, namely Mind Mapping and Flow Charting are used in this research to improve their writing skill. This study was aimed to know the effectiveness of using Mind Mapping in teaching English writing skill of introverted Students, to know the effectiveness of using Flow Charting in teaching English writing skill of introverted Students, and to determine the better technique between Mind Mapping and Flow Charting in teaching English Writing Skill of Introverted Students. The research technique used was descriptive comparative with a quantitative approach. The results of this study indicated that both techniques are equally effective. The results of the average writing test for the use of Mind Mapping techniques is 56.5, while for the use of Flow Charting techniques is 49.6. From the results of the average score, it can be concluded that flow charting techniques are more effectively used to improve the students writing skills with introverted types.

THE USE OF MIND MAPPING AND FLOW CHARTING IN TEACHING ENGLISH WRITING SKILL OF INTROVERTED STUDENTS

Introverted student is a type of student who has a personality related to the world in his own mind. Based on some researches results, they showed that the type of introverted students is getting lower in achievement compared to the extroverted type. For this reason, the researchers tried to apply the techniques in order to improve the introverted students’ achievement in learning English. The researchers focused on the writing skill. So, the writing techniques, namely Mind Mapping and Flow Charting are used in this research to improve their writing skill. This study was aimed to know the effectiveness of using Mind Mapping in teaching English writing skill of introverted Students, to know the effectiveness of using Flow Charting in teaching English writing skill of introverted Students, and to determine the better technique between Mind Mapping and Flow Charting in teaching English Writing Skill of Introverted Students. The research technique used was descriptive comparative with a quantitative approach. The results of this study indicated that both techniques are equally effective. The results of the average writing test for the use of Mind Mapping techniques is 56.5, while for the use of Flow Charting techniques is 49.6. From the results of the average score, it can be concluded that flow charting techniques are more effectively used to improve the students writing skills with introverted types.

A Blockchain Approach to Mitigate Information Security in a Public Organization for Ecuador

It was analysed in a general way and the security problem of the public organizations of Ecuador was determined. The objective is to generate a prototype in a blockchain diagram, based on an algorithm using flowchart techniques to provide robustness against failures, third-party attacks and mitigate information vulnerabilities. The deductive and exploratory research method was used in order to analyse the information available in the medium and scientific articles. Resulted an algorithm developed through flow diagram techniques to improve the processing of information in a public organization in Ecuador from the use of the Blockchain technology and the use of the SHA 256 algorithm. It was concluded that access to the data to a generic public organization of Ecuador will have an alternative to improve the security of the information with the implementation of the blockchain.

FIDIC General Conditions / Payments Clause FIDIC refers to (Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs Conseils)

For any international construction project, Contract is one of the major documents for construction industry. FIDIC General Conditions are the most common used all over the world. Payments term is very important clause and all the project team members need to be aware completely about it. Thus, this paper is considering illustrated payments clauses by flow chart technique to ensure that all the engineers are handling easily those terms.Without real understanding of those clauses usually the project will get cash flow tribbles.

Fédération Internationale Des Ingénieurs Conseils (FIDIC) Variation Order Clause

To paraphrase the Greek philosopher Heraclitus, change is the only constant in construction projects. Changes in scope occur as projects progress from design through practical completion. FIDIC General Conditions Clause 13 [1] is one of the most important terms and implementing. It is also major factor for project success. Once all project parties understand and fairly use this clause, the impact will be minimising the expected disputes by 50% at least. Thus, this paper is considering illustrated variation order clause by flow chart technique to ensure that all the engineers are handling easily those subclasses.

Development of Energy Management System for Micro-Grid with Photovoltaic and Battery system

Global environmental concerns and the ever increasing need of energy, coupled with steady progress in renewable energy technologies, are opening up new opportunities for utilization of renewable energy resources. Distributed electricity generation is a suitable option for sustainable development thanks to the load management benefits and the opportunity to provide electricity to remote areas. Solar energy being easy to harness, non-polluting and never ending is one of the best renewable energy sources for electricity generation in present and future time. Due to the random and intermittent nature of solar source, PV plants require the adoption of an energy storage and management system to compensate fluctuations and to meet the energy demand during night hours. This paper presents an efficient, economic and technical model for the design of a MPPT based grid connected PV with battery storage and management system. This system satisfies the energy demand through the PV based battery energy storage system. The aim is to present PV-BES system design and management strategy to maximize the system performance and economic profitability. PV-BES (photovoltaic based battery energy storage) system is operated in different modes to verify the system feasibility. In case of excess energy (mode 1), Li-ion batteries are charged using CC-CV mechanism effectively controlled by fuzzy logic based PID control system whereas during the time of insufficient power from PV system (mode 2), batteries are used as backup to compensate the power shortage at load and likewise other modes for different scenarios. This operational mode change in PV-BES system is implemented by State flow chart technique based on SOC, DC bus voltages and solar Irradiance. Performance of the proposed PV-BES system is verified by some simulations study. Simulation results showed that proposed system can overcome the disturbance of external environmental changes, and controls the energy flow in efficient and economical way.

An Intelligent Process Model for Manufacturing System Optimization

The paper aims to develop an intelligent modeling system using Microsoft Excel spreadsheet interface through mathematical language, mathematical reasoning and algorithms flow chart technique for manufacturing system optimization without human involvement. The paper begins to search for a mathematical theorem which is arithmetic series to represent a dynamic manufacturing system in a production floor using production time variable through numerical analysis and is validated using software simulation. The mathematical theorem is modeled with Industrial Engineering (IE) variables into spreadsheet to perform intelligent decision making. The model sets inventory target variable to be achieved with automated computation through the data input from users. Manual analysis from human can be transposed to mathematical language in order automate the system intelligently. The building of intelligent modeling system into spreadsheet using mathematical language sets a new platform for researchers to promote the next generation of modeling technique in the manufacturing field.

Renovation of the cutting stock process

In this paper a new approach to the cutting stock (CS) problem as one of the activities in the CS process is proposed. A thorough critical review of the literature is conducted in order to identify the main limitations of the current state of research. The main finding is that the CS problem is treated too narrowly and that the connection of the CS process with other processes in a company, along with a better transfer of information, should be studied further. The paper presents a methodology for evaluating CS process renovation benefits. A process flowchart technique is used to compare as-was and as-is states, and simulations are conducted to provide an estimate of the benefits and to compare the costs of trim loss with other production costs. A case study of a company involved in non-ferrous metal and iron retail activities is used to analyse the effects of renovation of the whole CS process, which led to a considerable reduction in cutting costs and lead times. A decrease in the variability of the CS process lead time is also noted, which can lead to a more standardised fulfilment of customers’ orders. The measurement and reduction of costs can improve the competitiveness of companies that undertake cutting or similar (e.g. packing) operations in production.

The Effects of Alternative Flowcharting Techniques on Performance on Procedural Tasks

Many individuals tend to have difficulty completing complex procedural tasks that require branching. Neither prose–based nor list–based instructions have been efficient in alleviating this difficulty. Traditional flowcharts have proven more effective in helping individuals to complete complex procedural tasks, but only after several practice sessions. However, it is possible that the use of map–like symbols may eliminate the need for repeated flowchart practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flowcharts utilizing map–like symbols on performer efficiency in completing a complex procedural task. The results of this study indicated no significant difference between the use of map–like symbols and traditional flowcharts in helping performers to complete complex procedural tasks. However, both graphic presentation formats were found to be significantly more efficient than a list–based presentation of information. It was expected than an intuitive map–like presentation would be more efficient than a list–based format. However, the efficiency of the flowchart presentation under unpracticed conditions was unexpected, based on prior research.

Business process modelling using diagrammatic and tabular techniques

PurposeThe paper discusses the problem of business process modelling, various techniques which are used to carry out business process modelling and aims to analyse the use of different techniques to find a better solution.Design/methodology/approachBusiness process modelling techniques could be divided into two groups, the diagrammatic and tabular techniques. As a representative of diagrammatic techniques, a flowchart is chosen and discussed in detail. A process model could also be developed using the activity table as a representative of tabular techniques. A comparative analysis of the two techniques is consequently carried out. The pros and cons of both techniques were analysed on the two case‐studies – the problems of Sales_Claim and Credit_Card are used as examples to test both techniques.FindingsBased on the comparative analysis, several useful remarks are given as a result of this work. First, both techniques are simple and useful for business processes modelling. Drawing a flowchart is easier than developing an activity table. Second, it was found that the flowchart technique is too flexible and does not possess any mechanism to control gaps which could exist in the process model. On the other hand, the vertical linkage mechanism imposes a strict order on the development of the activity table, which enable the analyst to discover gaps existing in the table. Third, it was found that the visibility of a flowchart is good when the model is relatively small, but it becomes unclear in large models. The activity table is more visible even when the table contains hundreds of activities. The visibility depends on the analyst and his/her experience; many analysts prefer a diagrammatic presentation of processes, whereas other analysts are more tabular‐oriented. Fourth, concerning user involvement, the structure of the activity table requires an active user involvement, because every user (internal entity) occupies a certain column in the table, where the entity's activities are indicated. For this reason, the user is interested in cooperating in defining his/her activities correctly. On the other hand, the user's role in creating a flowchart does not go beyond observation. Business process modelling is a complex and difficult task. Using one technique may result in a model that does not reflect the original business process. For this reason, using a combination of both techniques could produce a process model which represents a true reflection of reality. Thus, it is suggested that because of the strict role imposed by vertical linkage, the analyst starts process modelling by developing the activity table and then continues by transforming the table into a flowchart. Having such a flowchart, which represents a good transformation of the original business process, is essential for successful continuation of business process simulation or other methods for business process improvement or reengineering.Originality/valueThe paper summarises and suggests several useful remarks as a result of this work, which also recommends the possibility of linking the two techniques to develop better business process models.

′Win‐win′ opportunity

Describes the use of flow chart techniques or ′clinical pathways′ by health care organizations who aim to use TQM to increase patient satisfaction. Acknowledges the fact that measurement of clinical processes is a complex task, involving input from many areas. Gives a case example of continuous improvement in one process of health care, with the result that quality of medical care improved.

IMPROVING QUALITY ASSURANCE TECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCING AND HANDLING AGRICULTURAL CROPS

ABSTRACTThe delivery of high quality agricultural products is more essential than ever before due to increasing consciousness of quality by consumers. The best way for successful marketing is to offer products of superior quality and consistency. Quality is defined as conformance to a customer's price limited anticipated needs. The needs of customers are dynamic, so strategies must involve continuous improvement and decreasing variability. Agricultural production and marketing can be considered an industry, so appropriate industrial engineering (IE) techniques can be practiced for improving quality. It is necessary to control principal stages by following a systematic approach which includes: clearly defining specifications, providing measurement methods, and recording and analyzing data for decreasing variability through Statistical Process Control (SPC) technique.The prime method for controlling the quality of agricultural products as they flow through the marketing system is with statistically valid sampling at changeover points to determine if processes are in control and for identifying corrective actions. Flow chart techniques are very useful for selecting the best sampling points in the flow of fresh fruits and vegetables to market. Use of other SPC techniques may be considered such as: sampling plans, frequency distributions and histograms, graphs, Pareto analysis, cause and effect analysis, scatter diagrams, and charts. Results may be used for improving processes, corrective actions, or pricing decisions according to quality evaluation.

Flowcharting by stepwise refinement

This paper describes a flowchart technique, which supports the method of program development by stepwise refinement.Flowcharts made by this technique have a tree structure, which simplifies program test and coding the chart into a programming language. For design of the overall control structure the basic forms concatenation, selection, repetition and restricted GOTO statements are available.

Use of structured flowcharts in the undergraduate Computer Science curriculum

Over the last four years a new Computer Science major program has been introduced into the curriculum of the School of Engineering at Oakland University. During this period computer science educators throughout the country have debated the best way to introduce structured programming into the curriculum. There is now a widespread belief that beginning FORTRAN courses cannot be taught using structured programming in a form that is palatable to freshmen students without the aid of a structured FORTRAN preprocessor. Our experience in teaching structured programming using FORTRAN to large numbers of freshmen students has indicated that this widespread belief is false. We will illustrate the use of structured flowcharts with FORTRAN in Section 2 by showing one of the actual programming assignments that was given to our freshman introductory computer course this term. The same structured flowcharting techniques are used throughout the curriculum. An example that uses ALGOL and is taken from our junior level data structures class is given in Section 3. The use of the structured flowcharts forces all programs to be well-structured and encourages a top-down approach to programming. It is a very useful vehicle for describing any language-independent structured algorithm. An example of using structured flowcharts to describe a simple precedence parser in a senior course on compilers is given in Section 4.

Flowchart techniques for structured programming

With the advent of structured programming and GOTO-less programming a method is needed to model computation in simply ordered structures, each representing a complete thought possibly defined in terms of other thoughts as yet undefined. A model is needed which prevents unrestricted transfers of control and has a control structure closer to languages amenable to structured programming. We present an attempt at such a model.