With the progress of society, the market economic system continues to develop and improve, the market environment is becoming more and more complex, and the market competition is becoming more and fiercer. Human resource management plays an increasingly prominent role in public management and enterprise management. As an important part of human resource management, incentive mechanism affects the flow of talents, work efficiency, enthusiasm, work quality and other aspects. How to improve the incentive mechanism to promote the healthy development of employees and achieve the organizational goals has become a practical problem that public organizations and enterprises must solve. This paper will focus on analyzing the differences and commonalities between the incentive mechanisms of public management and enterprise management, and then propose feasible innovation strategies and implementation paths for the incentive mechanisms of public management and enterprise management according to China's actual situation and combined with international advanced experience The purpose of this paper is to improve the two internal structure management and work efficiency and quality to meet the new requirements of future social and economic development.