non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Research Articles

Retraction notice: Importance of convective heat transfer in flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid featuring Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions

Retraction notice: Importance of convective heat transfer in flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid featuring Brownian and thermophoretic diffusions

Hydromagnetic Nanofluid Flow Through Stretching Convergent-divergent Conduit with Heat and Mass Transfer

This present study investigates hydromagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid flow past linearly stretching convergent-divergent conduit with variable magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity with skin friction, heat and mass transfer using spectral relaxation numerical technique. The nanofluid considered in this current study is electrically conducting which is subjected to constant pressure gradient and magnetic field considered to be variable applied at an angle. The two walls which are non-parallel are not intersecting so as to allow nanofluid to flow, the angle in between the non-parallel walls is <i>θ</i>. The equations governing the nanofluid flow are continuity, energy, magnetic induction and conservation of momentum equations. After modelling, the specific equations governing the nano-fluid flow are partial differential equations which are highly nonlinear, the specific equations are first transformed through similarity transformation into a systems of ordinary differential equations. The boundary value problem formed is solved numerically using spectral relaxation numerical technique. The results of effects of varying various dimensionless parameters of the model are represented graphically and results discussed at each stage. The knowledge of nanofluids can be used in nuclear power production where it acts as a coolant. In Africa, South Africa is the only country producing nuclear power for commercial use, different governments on the continent are exploring nuclear energy as a climate-friendly for power production to enhance industrialization even in rural areas. In nuclear power production, water is used as a coolant. Using nanofluid instead of water it could increase the thermophyical properties which increases the rate of cooling. The usage of nanofluids as a coolant could also be used in emergency cooling systems, where they could cool down overheat machines quickly leading to an efficient and improved power plant safety.

Darcy-Forchheimer magnetohydrodynamic flow of non-Newtonian Reiner-Rivlin hybrid nanofluid bounded by double-revolving disks

The applications of fluid flow and heat transfer between coaxial double-revolving disks are diverse and can be found in various engineering and scientific domains. In general, the utilization of engine oil ( EO) mixed with hybrid nanoparticles serves various purposes in engine cooling, such as maintaining viscosity-temperature properties, preventing corrosion, and achieving other cooling-related objectives. This investigation focuses on the Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a non-Newtonian Reiner-Rivlin hybrid nanofluid confined between double-revolving disks. The hybrid nanoparticles used include cadmium telluride ( CdTe) and titanium dioxide ( TiO2), combined with the base fluid engine oil. The dimensional flow equations are converted into dimensionless forms using suitable similarity transformations. Subsequently, a semi-analytical methodology known as the homotopy analysis method ( HAM) is utilized to tackle this problem. Graphs are used to determine the effects of the various flow parameters of the hybrid nanofluids on the velocities, temperature, skin friction coefficient, and the Nusselt number. After validating the findings against previous research, an attractive agreement was observed. Some major outcomes from this present problem are that axial, radial, and temperature profiles increase with the rise of the cross-viscosity parameter while the tangential velocity decreases. Radial velocity increased, and tangential velocity diminished with an enhanced magnetic field parameter. Radial velocity is increased for higher values of the dimensionless forced parameter. For higher values of the porosity parameter, the temperature profile improved. Also, the exploration of the Nusselt number and skin friction for the disks, incorporating the effects of a magnetic field and porous medium, reveals that skin friction for both disks increase with the rising Reynolds number and volume fraction of the cadmium telluride nanoparticles.

Joint Effect of Velocity Slip and Joule Heating MHD Casson-Williamson Nanofluid Passes Through the Stretching Porous Medium

The objective of this study is to examine the heat and mass transport characteristics of a non-Newtonian Casson-Williamson nanofluid flow over a porous stretching sheet. The viscoelastic characteristic of a fluid is obtained by combining Casson and Williamson fluids. It is anticipated that the porous media through which the non-Newtonian fluid flows will adhere to Darcy's law. The effects of magnetic and electric fields are taken into account. The mathematical modeling of this physical problem involves a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that are mass, energy and momentum, together with corresponding boundary conditions, these PDEs are transformed into dimensionless ODE by appropriate similarity transformations and solved by R-K method. The numerical analysis is subsequently presented in a visual format to illustrate the influence of different controlling parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration. Moreover, the analysis gives higher values of magnetic, viscous dissipation and joule heating parameters leads the temperature and Nusselt number. Conversely an increasing in mixed convection parameter result in a depreciation in the temperature. The skin-friction coefficient exhibited an upward trend with an increase in the porosity parameter. The rate of heat transfer demonstrated a rise under the Joule heating conditions. These findings are compared to other recorded results for a specific situation, then displayed graphically and analyzed in terms of engineering and industrial implications. Novelty this paper is by adding joule heating to nanofluid control over heat dissipation, thermal stability, or enhanced efficiency in heat exchange applications.

Analysis of Entropy Optimization in MHD Flow of Non-Newtonian Nanofluids with Chemical Reaction and Thermal Energies

Investigation of nanofluid flows under various conditions is becoming fascinating research due to its numerous applications in many science and engineering fields such as solar energy, geothermal energy, water purification, glass blowing, enhanced oil recovery, petroleum production and food processing. For the present requirements in thermal energy applications, this mathematical model is considered to explore the diffusion and heat source effects on the flow of conductive Casson and Maxwell nanofluids in a porous medium on an elongating sheet with a chemical reaction. Further, the effects of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation are also examined. Moreover, the entropy generation is analyzed since this approach is employed in solar energy exchangers. The governing equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are constructed. This system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is changed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the help of a suitable transformation and then solved numerically by the bvp5c MATLAB package. The influences of the physical parameters on the flow phenomena are discussed and presented through figures and tables. This analysis explains that the Casson fluid flow has a higher velocity field than the Maxwell fluid flow. The Nusselt number becomes higher as the Dufour numbers increase. It has also been noticed that increasing the Brinkmann number improves the entropy and, an increase in radiation enriches the temperature profile. The concentration of the fluid is decreased for the increasing values of the higher-order chemical reaction parameter. Furthermore, comparisons of the current results were conducted for limiting examples of the problem and found to be in good agreement with existing results in the literature.

Significance of magnetic field and Darcy–Forchheimer law on dynamics of non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow over a spinning disc with Arrhenius activation energy and shape factor

Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore the three-dimensional heat and mass transport dynamics of the magneto-hydrodynamic non-Newtonian (Casson fluid) hybrid nanofluid flow comprised of − as nanoparticles suspended in base liquid water as it passes through a flexible spinning disc. The influence of a magnetic field, rotation parameter, porosity, Darcy−Forchheimer, Arrhenius’s activation energy, chemical reaction, Schmidt number and nanoparticle shape effects are substantial physical features of the investigation. Furthermore, the influence of hybrid nanofluid on Brownian motion and thermophoresis features has been represented using the Buongiorno model. The novelty of the work is intended to contribute to a better understanding of Casson non-Newtonian fluid boundary layer flow. Design/methodology/approach The governing mathematical equations that explain the flow and heat and mass transport phenomena for fluid domains include the Navier−Stokes equation, the thermal energy equation and the solutal concentration equations. The governing equations are expressed as partial differential equations, which are then converted into a suitable set of non-linear ordinary differential equations by using the necessary similarity variables. The ordinary differential equations are computed by combining the shooting operation with the three-stage Lobatto BVP4c technique. Findings Graphs and tables are used in the process of analysing the characteristics of velocity distributions, temperature profiles and solutal curves at varying values of the parameters, along with friction drag, heat transfer rate and Sherwood number. It has been revealed that the radial and axial velocities decrease when the Casson parameter value increases and that the rate of heat transmission is higher in hybrid nanofluids with nanoparticles in the shape of a blade. The increase in Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters causes a rise in the temperature profile. Also, an increase in the activation energy parameter improves the solutal curve. The use of nanoparticles was shown to improve extrusion properties, the rotary heat process and biofuel generation. Originality/value All results are presented graphically and all physical quantities are computed and tabulated. The current results are compared to previous investigations and found to agree significantly with them.

Radiative Chemically MHD Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Stretching Sheet with Heat Source and Multi-Slip Effects

Radiative Chemically MHD Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Stretching Sheet with Heat Source and Multi-Slip Effects

Electro-magnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Darcy–Forchheimer flow of Sutterby nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity over a stretching sheet: Finite difference approach

This paper examines the enactment of a two-dimensional, steady, non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet. The utilization of magnetic influences acting in the direction normal to the Darcy–Forchheimer boundary layer flow of the Sutterby nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity is taken into consideration. This study takes into account the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The study found that a 15% increase in magnetic field strength resulted in a 10% increase in heat transfer rate. Similarly, a 20% increase in nanoparticle volume percentage causes a 12% increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient. The problem’s model is formulated in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs), transformed via similarity transformation into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Applying the finite difference method yields the solution to reduced equations. EMHD Darcy–Forchheimer flow and nanofluid dynamics are combined in cutting-edge technology. This is important for many industrial and technical applications. Moreover, providing a strong computational framework provides a precise simulation of the flow behavior. By providing insights into the intricate interactions between electromagnetic forces, porous medium effects, and variable thermal conductivity in nanofluids flow across a stretched sheet, this study makes an essential contribution to the science of fluid dynamics. This research is very significant and enlightening for researchers and professionals who are interested in the design and optimization of heat transfer systems. The fluid flow is examined thoroughly and graphically, and the relationship between the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration and other important physical limitations is investigated. The effect of various physical parameters on concentration, velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number and heat flow coefficient is verified and examined using graphs and tables.

Hydromagnetic Non-Newtonian Nanofluid Flow Past Linealy Stretching Convergent-Divergent Conduit with Chemical Reaction

This paper investigates hydromagnetic non-Newtonian nanofluid flow past linearly stretching convergent-divergent conduit with chemical reaction using spectral ralaxation method. The fluid considered here is electrically conducting and is subjected to a constant pressure gradient and variable magnetic field. The two non-parallel walls are assumed not to intersect and the angle between the inclined walls is <i>θ</i>. The governing equations are continuity equation, momentum equation, species concentration, induction equation and energy equation. On modelling, the resulting partial differential equations are non-linear and are first transformed into system of ordinary differential equations through similarity transformation. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically using Spectral Relaxation Method. The results obtained after varying Hartman number, Unsteadiness parameter, Reynolds number, Solutal and Thermal Grashof number on velocity, concentration, temperature and induction profiles are represented in form of graphs. Some of the application of this study are, when extracting the energy from earth crust that varies in length between five to ten kilometres and temperature in between 500° and 1000°, nano-fluids are employed to cool the machinery and equipment working under high friction and high temperature. This present study considers nanofluid acting as a coolant of such equipment as well as acting as a lubricant thus reducing the rate of wear and tear of the equipment. The copper-water increases the thermophysical properties thus increasing heat transfer coefficient and hence increasing cooling rate.

Thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour effects on MHD mixed convective Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow under porous medium: a numerical study

PurposeScientists have been conducting trials to find ways to reduce fuel consumption and enhance heat transfer rates to make heating systems more efficient and cheaper. Adding solid nanoparticles to conventional liquids may greatly improve their thermal conductivity, according to the available evidence. This study aims to examine the influence of external magnetic flux on the flow of a mixed convective Maxwell hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid over a linearly extending porous flat plate. The investigation considers the effects of thermal radiation, Dufour and Soret.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical model is formulated based on the fundamental assumptions of mass, energy and momentum conservation. The implicit models are epitomized by a set of interconnected nonlinear partial differential equations, which include a suitable and comparable adjustment. The numerical solution to these equations is assessed for approximate convergence by the Runge−Kutta−Fehlberg method based on the shooting technique embedded with the MATLAB software.FindingsThe findings are presented through graphical representations, offering a visual exploration of the effects of various dynamic parameters on the flow field. These parameters encompass a wide range of factors, including radiation, thermal and Brownian diffusion parameters, Eckert, Lewis and Soret numbers, magnetic parameters, Maxwell fluid parameters, Darcy numbers, thermal and solutal buoyancy factors, Dufour and Prandtl numbers. Notably, the authors observed that nanoparticles with a spherical shape exerted a significant influence on the stream function, highlighting the importance of nanoparticle geometry in fluid dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that temperature profiles of nanomaterials were notably affected by their shape factor, while concentration profiles exhibited an opposite trend, providing valuable insights into the behavior of nanofluids in porous media.Originality/valueA distinctive aspect of the research lies in its novel exploration of the impact of external magnetic flux on the flow of a mixed convective Maxwell hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid over a linearly extending porous flat plate. By considering variables such as solar radiation, external magnetic flux, thermal and Brownian diffusion parameters and nanoparticle shape factor, the authors ventured into uncharted territory within the realm of fluid dynamics. These variables, despite their significant relevance, have not been extensively studied in previous research, thus underscoring the originality and value of the authors’ contribution to the field.

Entropy generation in newtonian vs non-newtonian nanofluid flow under vibration

Numerical investigation into the effects of vibration on heat transfer and entropy generation in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian nanofluid flows through pipes reveals enhanced heat transfer via intensified fluid agitation and improved particle dispersion. Thermal entropy generation analysis shows reduced irreversibility in vibrated flow, indicating improved flow mixing. Vibration enhances heat transfer by intensifying fluid agitation and promoting particle dispersion near the wall, resulting in a significantly more uniform temperature distribution along the pipe, approximately 100 times more than steady-state flow. This study underscores vibration’s potential to optimize heat transfer and reduce entropy generation in nanofluid systems, emphasizing velocity and rheological impacts. Comparison of vibrated flow to steady-state flow for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids reveals significant improvements under vibration, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers where non-Newtonian fluids exhibit pronounced effects. Future research directions include exploring thermal radiation’s impact on entropy generation, analyzing different nanofluid compositions, and investigating varied boundary conditions and geometries to advance understanding in this field. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay among vibration, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer in nanofluid flows. Its findings have practical implications for optimizing thermal management systems in diverse engineering applications.

Thermal analysis of non-Newtonian ferro nanofluid flow due to stretching surface under buoyancy effects through numerical computation

The extent of buoyancy forces on Tangent Hyperbolic nanofluid flow over a vertically held stretchable plate in the presence of a magnetic field is mathematically modeled in this work. The governing partial differential equations that model the present problem are modified into a system of ordinary differential equations by practicing a set of suitable similarity conversions. This conversion method helps to solve this complex problem through a numerical technique. The outcomes of available research are compared with the existing literature and a reasonable accord is set. Detailed analysis on assisting and opposing flow problems is considered with graphical illustrations of multiple flow parameters. In both cases of assisting and opposing flow problems, a declining impact of buoyancy forces is observed on skin friction owing to temperature deviation. Moreover, higher convection is observed for assisting flow problems as compared to opposing flow under buoyancy impacts. It is further noticed that upon increasing the relaxation time of the fluid, the fluid flow is decelerated and the less cooling effect is generated in this case.

Non-Newtonian blood flow across stenosed elliptical artery: Case study of nanoparticles for brain disabilities with fuzzy logic

This analysis aimed to explore the blood-based non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow in elliptical stenosed artery with single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanoparticles. The Carreau fluid model is incorporated to assess the non-Newtonian rheology of blood-based nanofluid for mild stenosis. In particular, the carotid artery is responsible for delivering blood to the brain. If normal blood circulation is disrupted or in the case of severe stenosis, blockage of the carotid artery can lead to the development of brain disability or stroke, which in turn can lead to death. The idealized mathematical equation is transformed into a nondimensional form and solved analytically via the perturbation method through a novel polynomial technique. These analytical solutions are explored and explained graphically. The system’s disorder and variability are assessed by completing an entropy production analysis. The disruption in blood flow due to the presence of nanoparticles causes uncertainty in the flow nature. This uncertainty is dealt with by fuzzy analysis of temperature distribution by accounting for the nanoparticle volume fractions as triangular fuzzy numbers. It is noticed that stenosis shapes and height greatly impact the flow characteristics. The nanoparticles’ percentage in fluid affected the temperature profile. The non-Newtonian characteristics of blood are found to be more dominant along the minor axis, and an effectively higher disorder is produced in this direction. It is observed that the temperature of nanofluid emerged as a triangular fuzzy number of symmetric shape.

Mathematical analysis of heat and mass transfer efficiency of bioconvective Casson nanofluid flow through conical gap among the rotating surfaces under the influences of thermal radiation and activation energy

In the current proceeding, the flow of incompressible non-Newtonian nanofluid called Casson nanofluid is considered. A conical gap occurred among the rotating disc and the cone filled with the fluid flow. Heat and mass transport through this nanofluid is done by the convection mode of heat transfer. The impacts of microorganisms, chemical processes, thermal radiation, minimal amount of energy, and magnetic field are also considered in the mathematical model of flow problem. The Casson nano-fluid governing equations are interpreted in cylindrical coordinates. By implementing proper similarity transformations, the modeling PDEs of energy, momentum, concentration, and microorganism density are transformed into non-linear ODEs. A set of non-linear ODEs that deals with the distributions of temperature, velocity, concentration, and motile microorganisms produced by this technique. MATLAB in-built ‘bvp4c‘ technique is utilized to solve these equations. Findings are displayed graphically and elaborated theoretically. The primary goal of this work is to examine the effects during the rotation of the disc and cone as well as the impacts of other variables on the rotation. The nano-fluid temperature and radial velocity are found to be negatively impacted by the rotation parameter whereas azimuthal velocity is positively impacted. The parametric values are taken as 0.1<Nb<0.7, 0.1<λ<0.4, 1.0<Pr<2.50.1<M<0.4, 1.0<Rb<4.0, 0.1<Nr<0.4, 0.1<Sc<3.0, 0.1<Nt<0.4 for the purpose of generating modified results. From published and current results noted that rotation parameter effects impacted the transfer rate of the nanofluid.

Explicit computational analysis of unsteady maxwell nanofluid flow on moving plates with stochastic variations

It is imperative to investigate the proposed computational scheme for the resolution of two-dimensional partial differential equations that result from non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over flat and oscillatory sheets, taking into account the effects of the magnetic field and chemical reactions, as it is designed to address stochasticity, unstable flow conditions, and Maxwellian behaviour. Consequently, it offers valuable insights into the dynamics of nanofluids. A stochastic computational scheme is suggested to address the two-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) caused by non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over flat and oscillatory sheets in the presence of a magnetic field and chemical reaction effects. The Taylor series analysis is employed to construct a scheme. The two-stage approach can be employed to discretize the time derivative in the differential equations. The stability study results and the consistency by mean square measure are also included. The continuity equation in the given partial differential equations (PDEs) is discretized using the first-order finite difference approach. The remaining equations, including the energy equation, the nanoparticle volume fraction, and the Navier-Stokes equation, are discretized using the second-order difference in space scheme that is proposed. Three separate figures show how the various parameters affect the nanoparticle volume fractions, velocity, and temperature. Through a focus on a specific computational technique designed to handle the challenges given by stochasticity, unstable flow conditions, and the Maxwellian behaviour shown by these nanofluids, this study introduction serves as a portal into the involved domain of nanofluid dynamics.

Numerical heat transfer analysis of bio convective flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid with Darcy-Forchheimer effect over a curved stretching surface

The main aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of bio-convective flow of 2nd grade micropolar nanofluid with Darcy-Forchheimer law over a curved porous stretching surface. The fluid flow analysis includes novel aspects such as the nonuniform heat source/sink, Joule heating, magnetic field, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation. Furthermore, the boundary of the stretching surface is acquired the stratification conditions. A suitable conversion method is employed to transform the flow model into a collection of ordinary differential equations, characterized by their nonlinearity. The bvp4c technique on the MATLAB is utilized to acquire numerical solutions for this set of nonlinear equations. The characteristics of various influential parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles are observed and discussed. In the present problem, it is observed that by the growth of micropolar parameter enhances the angular fluid velocity. Moreover, larger values of the magnetic parameter, Darcy number, and porosity parameter result in a decrease in the fluid’s linear velocity. The temperature profile exhibits a decreasing pattern with the elevation thermal stratification parameter, while the opposite trend shows by the increment of the radiation parameter and Eckert number. Additionally, the concentration of nanoparticles decreases as the Schmidt number and Brownian motion parameter increases.

Thermo-hydraulic transport characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow through wavy channel: Influence of nanoparticle volume fraction and Prandtl number

The present study numerically investigates the thermal-hydraulic transport characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluid flowing through the trapezoidal wavy channel. Constitutive behavior of non-Newtonian fluid was used to elucidate the power law model. The average Nusselt number, pressure drop, and performance factor are evaluated for varying volume concentration of nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.04) and Prandtl number (Pr = 0.76, 1, 6.39, 20, 50, and 100) at different values of Reynold number (Re = 50 and 500), power index values (n = 0.5, 1, 1.5) and wave phase shift (θ = 0°, 90°and 180°). An increase in average Nusselt number and pressure drop was observed for increasing volume concentration of nanoparticles, Prandtl number, and Reynold number. At the same time, the performance factor decreases with an increase in ϕ, Pr, and Re. The heat transfer rate was observed to be more for shear thinning fluids than shear thickening fluids.

Magnetohydrodynamic Darcy-Forchheimer flow of non-Newtonian second-grade hybrid nanofluid bounded by double-revolving disks with variable thermal conductivity: Entropy generation analysis

The study of hybrid nanofluid flow bounded by double-revolving disks is crucial due to its significant applications in enhancing heat transfer in various industrial processes, including cooling systems, lubrication technologies, and energy storage systems. This manuscript presents an entropy generation analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic Darcy-Forchheimer flow of a non-Newtonian second-grade hybrid nanofluid between double-revolving disks with variable thermal conductivity. The hybrid nanofluid combines titanium dioxide (TiO2) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in a base fluid of engine oil. Appropriate similarity transformations convert the dimensional equations governing the flow phenomena into a non-dimensional form. The resulting non-dimensionalized system of equations is then solved using the homotopy analysis method (HAM), a semi-analytical technique. The results are validated by comparing them with previously published work for a specific case of the present analysis, and they are found to be in very good agreement. A comprehensive parametric analysis is conducted to understand the behavior of flow and heat transfer to various physical parameters involved in the study. It was found that there is an enhanced heat transfer rate at both disks when the Reynolds number and titanium dioxide nanoparticle concentration are higher. It was also found that Bejan number declined with increasing Brinkman number.

Numerical study of electroconductive non-Newtonian hybrid nanofluid flow from a stretching rotating disk with a Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

Motivated by emerging technologies in smart functional nanopolymeric coating systems in pharmaceutical and robotics applications, the convective heat transfer characteristics in swirl coating with a magnetic hybrid power-law rheological nanofluid polymer on a radially stretching rotating disk are examined theoretically. An axial magnetic field is imposed. Copper (Cu) and aluminium alloy (AA7075) nanoparticles with sodium alginate (C6H9NaO7) as a base fluid are considered, and a hybrid volume fraction model is deployed. A non-Fourier (Cattaneo–Christov) heat flux model is deployed to inspire thermal relaxation impacts absent in the classical Fourier heat conduction formulation. Through similarity proxies and the Von Karman transformations, the partial derivative systems of equations with associated boundary constraints are reduced to a system of derivative boundary value problems, which is solved numerically via the weighted residual method with an integral Galerkin scheme, executed in the MAPLE symbolic software. Validation with special cases from articles is captured. The computations revealed that radial, tangential and axial velocity are depleted, whereas temperature is enhanced with increasing magnetic parameter ( M). High thermal transfers are obtained for the hybrid nanofluid relative to the AA7075 alloy nanofluid. A strong increment in temperature is also produced with a greater thermal relaxation effect.

Activation energy, Rotational and Hall current Effects of Magnetohydrodynamic 3D flow of Non-Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid over a Stretched Plate

Nanofluids are of great importance to researchers as they have significant uses industrially due to their high heat transfer rates. Recently, a new class of nanofluid, ‘‘hybrid nanofluid” is being used to further enhance the heat transfer rate. This new model in 3D is employed to examine the impact of activation energy, Rotational and hall current on a Non-newtonian hybrid Fe3O4/Al2O3 nanofluid flow over-stretched plate. Using similarity transformations, the controlling partial differential equations are turned into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. For that system of equations, the shooting method is used to generate numerical solutions. The impact of various entry parameters on transversal and longitudinal velocities, temperature, heat flow and surface shear stress are studied numerically and graphically. A good correlation between the earlier studies is obtained in specific cases showing the convergence criteria of the present procedure. Further, the physical significance of the contributive parameters is presented through graphs and tables. The observation shows that the particle concentration for the hybrid nanofluid augments the fluid velocity. Moreover, the inclusion of dissipative heat favors enhancing the fluid temperature for the involvement of the particle concentration.