Flow Injection Chemiluminescence Research Articles

“Green” one-pot synthesis of hemin complex with excellent peroxidase activity: Efficient enhanced chemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A

Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have the advantages of easy preparation, low cost and high stability. With the booming development of nanozymes, scientists have further defined them as “nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties”. Here, on the one hand, ZIF-L has the characteristics of simple preparation, good stability and large specific surface area. Meanwhile, the array structure of Zn2+ and imidazole in the ZIF-L can replace the amino acids precisely located in the natural enzymes, thus mimicking the microenvironment of the natural peroxidase. On the other hand, based on the chemical similarity of hemin to natural heme, we encapsulated hemin into the ZIF-L backbone by a straightforward “green” one-pot technique. According to the symbiotic stability-enhancing effect, the encapsulated biomolecules can make the ZIF-L matrix more stable while the ZIF-L backbone protects the enzyme from denaturation. Based on this, ZIF-L-Hemin composites with excellent peroxidase properties was successfully prepared. Using ZIF-L-Hemin composites, we constructed a flow-injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for the quick and ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. The experimental results showed that the detection range of OTA was 0.0015 ∼ 1500 ng mL−1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.47 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). The OTA analysis of wheat, corn and feed samples showed that the recoveries ranged from 80.83 % to 115.54 %, which successfully demonstrated the usability and potential applications of immunosensor.

Development of a flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on DES-mediated CuCo2O4 nanoenzyme for ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone in foods.

Nanoenzymes have been widely used to construct biosensors because of their cost-effectiveness, high stability, and easy modification. At the same time, the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DES) wasa great breakthrough in green chemistry, and their combination with different materials can improve the sensing performance of biosensors. In this work, we report an immunosensor using CuCo2O4 nanoenzyme combined with flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for the automated detection of zearalenone (ZEN). The immunosensor exhibited excellent sensing performance. Under the optimal conditions, the detection range of ZEN was 0.0001-100 ng mL-1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.076 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). In addition, the immunosensor showed excellent stability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.65% for 15 repetitive injections. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of real samples with satisfactory recovery results, and canhenceprovide a reference for the detection of small molecules in food and feed.

Field Quantification of Hydroxyl Radicals by Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Analysis with a Portable Device.

Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is a powerful oxidant abundantly found in nature and plays a central role in numerous environmental processes. On-site detection of •OH is highly desirable for real-time assessments of •OH-centered processes and yet is restrained by a lack of an analysis system suitable for field applications. Here, we report the development of a flow-injection chemiluminescence analysis (FIA-CL) system for the continuous field detection of •OH. The system is based on the reaction of •OH with phthalhydrazide to generate 5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione, which emits chemiluminescence (CL) when oxidatively activated by H2O2 and Cu3+. The FIA-CL system was successfully validated using the Fenton reaction as a standard •OH source. Unlike traditional absorbance- or fluorescence-based methods, CL detection could minimize interference from an environmental medium (e.g., organic matter), therefore attaining highly sensitive •OH detection (limits of detection and quantification = 0.035 and 0.12 nM, respectively). The broad applications of FIA-CL were illustrated for on-site 24 h detection of •OH produced from photochemical processes in lake water and air, where the temporal variations on •OH productions (1.0-12.2 nM in water and 1.5-37.1 × 107 cm-3 in air) agreed well with sunlight photon flux. Further, the FIA-CL system enabled field 24 h field analysis of •OH productions from the oxidation of reduced substances triggered by tidal fluctuations in coastal soils. The superior analytical capability of the FIA-CL system opens new opportunities for monitoring •OH dynamics under field conditions.

Synergistic enhancement of potassium permanganate-induced chemiluminescence by nitrogen and silver carbon dots and formaldehyde for selective detection of tannin

In this study, nitrogen and silver doped carbon dots (NAg-CDs) were synthesized via a simple and environmentally friendly hydrothermal one-pot method and were utilized in combination with formaldehyde to enhance potassium permanganate-induced chemiluminescence (CL). Remarkably, a chemiluminescent enhancement of approximately 448-fold was observed in the NAg-CDs-KMnO4-HCHO system than in the KMnO4-HCHO system. The enhanced CL intensity of the NAg-CDs-KMnO4-HCHO system can be significantly quenched by tannin. On this basis, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective flow injection CL method for the detection of tannin, featuring a linear range of 0.4–10.0 μM and a detection limit of 43.0 nM. Furthermore, we effectively applied this method to the detection of tannin in red wine and tea samples, and the standard recoveries were 98.6 %104.9 %.

Ultra-sensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on Fenton-like effect of single atom Co nanozyme

Single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) are considered as the most hopeful candidates for replacing natural enzymes. In this work, a flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassay (FI-CLIA) based on a Fenton-like activity single atom cobalt nanozyme (Co SAzyme) was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in serum for the first time. Co SAzyme was prepared by an in-situ etching method at room temperature using ZIF-8 metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8 MOFs). With excellent chemical stability and ultra-high porosity of ZIF-8 MOFs as the core, Co SAzyme presents high Fenton-like activity which can catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 to produce large amounts of superoxide radical anions, thus effectively amplifying the chemiluminescence of the Luminol-H2O2 system. In addition, carboxyl-modified resin beads were used as the substrate to load more antigens due to its advantages of good biocompatibility and large specific surface area. Under optimal conditions, the detection range of 5-Fu was 0.001–1000 ng mL−1 with a limit of detection of 0.29 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). Furthermore, the immunosensor was successfully applied for the detection of 5-Fu in human serum samples with satisfactory results, displaying the potential application of this strategy for bioanalysis and clinical diagnosis.

Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of acetochlor and cartap-HCl in freshwater samples using an acidic KMnO4 -rhodamine-B reaction system.

A flow injection (FI) methodology using the acidic potassium permanganate (KMnO4 )-rhodamine-B (Rh-B) reaction with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was established to determine acetochlor and cartap-HCl pesticides in freshwater samples. Experimental parameters were optimized, and Chelex-100 cationic exchanger mini column and solid-phase extraction (SPE) were used as phase separation techniques. Linear calibration curves were observed for the standard solutions of acetochlor and cartap-HCl over the ranges 0.005-2.0mg L-1 [y= 1155.8x+ 57.551, R2 =0.9999 (n= 8)] and 0.005-1.0mg L-1 [y= 979.76x+ 14.491, R2 =0.9998 (n= 8)] with LODs and LOQs of 7.5×10-4 and 8.0×10-4 mg L-1 (3σ blank) and 2.5×10-3 and 2.7×10-3 mg L-1 (10σ blank), respectively, with an injection throughput of 140 h-1 . These methods were used to estimate acetochlor and cartap-HCl with or without the SPE procedure, respectively, in spiked freshwater samples. Results obtained were not significantly different at a 95% confidence level to those of other reported methods. Recoveries for acetochlor and cartap-HCl were obtained over the ranges 93-112% (RSD = 1.9-3.6%) and 98-109% (RSD = 1.7-3.8%), respectively. The most probable CL reaction mechanism was explored.

Online column preconcentration for speciation and selective determination of Cr(III) in natural water samples using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection.

A simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive approach is described in this work based on a combination of solid-phase extraction of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), for speciation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in river water, and the direct determination of these species using a flow injection system with chemiluminescence detection (FI-CL) and a 4-diethylamino phenyl hydrazine (DEAPH)-hydrogen peroxide system. At different pH, the two forms of chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] have different exchange capacities for 8HQ, therefore two columns were constructed; the pH of column 1 was adjusted to pH3 for retaining Cr(III) and column 2 was adjusted to pH1 for retaining of Cr(VI). The sorbed Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species were eluted from columns using 3.0ml of 0.1N of HCl and 3.0ml of 0.1N of NaOH, respectively. The flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method is based on light emitted due to the oxidation of DEAPH by the H2 O2 in the presence of Cr(III), which catalyzes the reaction. The flow cell is a transparent coiled tube made from glass (2.0×4.0, inner and outer diameter) and located close to the photodetector. The flow parameters: flow rate, sample volume, flow cell length, and distance to the CL detector were studied and optimized. Under optimum flow conditions, the Cr(III) concentration can be determined over the range 5-350 μg L-1 with a limit of detection of 1.2μg L-1 , as the Cr(III) concentration is proportional to the intensity of the CL signal. The relative standard deviations (%) for 10 and 50 μg L-1 Cr(III) were 1.2% and 3.2%, respectively. The effects of Al(III), Cd(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) were investigated. The proposed method is highly selective and sensitive, enabling a rapid determination of the Cr(III) amount in the presence of other interfering metals. Finally, the FI-CL method was examined in five river water samples with excellent recoveries.

Determination of Montelukast Sodium by flow injection chemiluminescence

This study  includes determination Montelukast sodium by using flow injection chemiluminescence technique, the optimum concentrations were (150) ppm of magnesum ion, (5×10-4) M luminol, (0.001) M  hydrogen peroxide, linearity of concetraction (0.1-0.001) M  that give the highest luminescence intensity, and correlation cofficient was  (0.9054), The relative standard deviation  RSD% (2.3) and detection limit (0.0001) M and  relative error (0.018) ,the percent recovery (97%).

Determination of pioglitazone hydrochloride by flow injection chemiluminescence tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II)-silver (III) complex system.

A novel flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) approach is proposed for the assay of pioglitazone hydrochloride (PG-HCl) based on its enhancing influence on the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II)-silver (III) complex (Ru (bipy)3 2+ -DPA) CL system in sulfuric acid medium. The possible CL reaction mechanism is discussed with CL and UV spectra. The optimum experimental conditions were found as: Ru (bipy)3 2+ , 5.0×10-5 M; H2 SO4 , 1.0×10-3 M; DPA, 1.0×10-4 M; KOH, 1.0×10-3 M; flow rate 4.0 mL min-1 for each flow stream and sample loop volume, 180 μL. The CL intensity of PG-HCl was linear in the range of 1.0×10-3 -5.0 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9998, n = 10) with limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 2.2×10-4 mg L-1 , limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) of 6.7×10-4 mg L-1 , relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.0-3.3% and sampling rate of 106 h-1 . The methodology was satisfactorily used to quantify PG-HCl in pharmaceutical tablets with recoveries ranging from 93.17 to 102.77 and RSD from 1.9 to 2.8%.

The Determination Method of Total Polyphenol in Tea and Substitute Tea Based on [Ag(HIO6)2]5--Luminol Chemiluminescence System.

Scientific, accurate, and rapid detection of the composition and content of tea polyphenols is an important basis for their rational use and giving full play to their physiological effect. The spectrophotometric assays for total polyphenols have poor selectivity. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple and reliable method for the determination of the total polyphenolic level in tea products. The aim of this research was to develop a flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method based on the Ag(III)-luminol system for the total polyphenol content analysis of tea and substitute tea. Through Box-Behnken experimental design, we selected the optimum determination condition. The Ag(III) concentration was 5 × 10-5 mol/L, and the luminol concentration was 3 × 10-7 mol/L (including 0.15 mol/L NaOH). The peristaltic pump is 25 r/min, and the photomultiplier voltage is 600 v. Sample extracts were diluted 100 000 times for the FI-CL assay. Under optimal conditions, CL intensities were proportional to total polyphenol content (in terms of gallic acid concentrations) in the range of 0.1∼100 μg/L. The LOD and LOQ were 0.03 μg/L and 0.1 μg/L. The recovery values were in the range of 86.3-111.0% with a RSD of 1.04∼2.62%. The polyphenolic content of 12 teas and 6 substitute teas was determined, and the results of the developed method and Folin-Ciocalteu method were highly correlated (r = 0.9493 for tea and r = 0.8533 for substitute tea). The proposed method is better than the Folin-Ciocalteu method in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy. It is suitable for the determination of polyphenol content not only in tea, but also in substitute tea. We developed a new flow-injection analysis method for polyphenolic content determination based on the Ag(III)-luminol chemiluminescence system. It is simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate. It is suitable for the determination of polyphenols content not only in tea, but also in substitute tea.

Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of ethion and computational investigation of the adsorption process on molecularly imprinted polymerized high internal phase emulsion

The lack of sufficient selectivity is the main limitation of chemiluminescence (CL) methods; because the CL reagent is not restricted to a specific analyte. This study investigated the preconcentration and determination of ethion using a flow injection CL (FIA-CL) method using a molecularly imprinted poly high internal phase emulsion (MIP-polyHIPE) adsorbent. Preliminary studies showed that ethion could be determined with high sensitivity in the Ru(bipy)3 2+ -acidic Ce(IV) CL system. A MIP-polyHIPE adsorbent was synthesized and used for preconcentration to increase the selectivity and sensitivity of the method. The adsorption of ethion on the adsorbent was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD), UV-vis and FTIR spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to find optimized concentrations of variables. The linear dynamic range (LDR) and limit of detection (LOD) for ethion in the FIA-CL method were calculated 1.0 ⨯ 10-9 to 2.0 ⨯ 10-7 and 6.0 ⨯ 10-10 mol L-1 , respectively. The percentage of relative standard deviation for five repetitive measurements of 5.0 ⨯ 10-8 mol L-1 ethion was 4.2%. The proposed method was successfully used to separate and preconcentrate ethion from drinking and surface water sources.

Ultra-sensitive detection of florfenicol by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on Nickel/Cobalt bimetallic metal-organic framework nanozymes.

The emergence and progress of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high stability, large surface area, and abundant unsaturated active sites, once again promote the development of nanozymes, making nanozymes more advantageous to replace natural enzymes and will increase the applications of chemiluminescence immunoassay. In this study, a flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on Ni/Co metal-organic framework (Ni/Co-MOF) nanozymes was developed, which can quickly and highly sensitively detect florfenicol (FF) in animal-derived food residues. Ni/Co-MOF0.75 nanospheres can not only form stable immune probes with antibodies but also act as nanozymes to efficiently catalyze H2O2 for amplifying the chemiluminescence signal of the luminol-H2O2 system. In addition, due to good biocompatibility and large specific surface area, carboxyl-modified resin beads are used as a suitable material for loading more coating antigens. Based on the principle of competitive immunity, FF standard solution will compete with coating antigen loaded on the carboxyl resin beads for the limited binding sites on the FF antibody. Under the best experimental conditions, the detection range of FF is 0.0001-1000 ng mL-1, and the detection limit (LOD) is 0.033 pg mL-1 (S/N = 3). Furthermore, this method has been successfully applied to the analysis of actual samples with satisfactory results, which will provide a certain reference for the detection of small molecules in food and environmental analysis.

Determination of SO<sub>2</sub> in Food by Flow Injection Chemiluminescence with Carbon Dots as Sensitizer

Determination of SO<sub>2</sub> in Food by Flow Injection Chemiluminescence with Carbon Dots as Sensitizer

Critical Review of Synthesis, Toxicology and Detection of Acyclovir.

Acyclovir (ACV) is an effective and selective antiviral drug, and the study of its toxicology and the use of appropriate detection techniques to control its toxicity at safe levels are extremely important for medicine efforts and human health. This review discusses the mechanism driving ACV’s ability to inhibit viral coding, starting from its development and pharmacology. A comprehensive summary of the existing preparation methods and synthetic materials, such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, guanine and its derivatives, and other purine derivatives, is presented to elucidate the preparation of ACV in detail. In addition, it presents valuable analytical procedures for the toxicological studies of ACV, which are essential for human use and dosing. Analytical methods, including spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), electrochemical sensors, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and flow injection–chemiluminescence (FI-CL) are also highlighted. A brief description of the characteristics of each of these methods is also presented. Finally, insight is provided for the development of ACV to drive further innovation of ACV in pharmaceutical applications. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the past life and future challenges of ACV.

A High Selective Chemiluminescent Probe Derived from Iso‐luminol Enabling High Sensitive Determination of Ferrous Ions in the Environmental Waters

Main observation and conclusionA new chemiluminescence (CL) reagent named 4‐amino‐5‐thiocyanato‐phthalyl‐hydrazine (iso‐luminol‐SCN) is synthesized by the bromide‐mediated substitution reaction of iso‐luminol with sodium thiocyanate in dimethyl formamide (DMF) at room temperature. Strong CL is observed for iso‐luminol‐SCN oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of Fe2+, with the CL intensity strongly depending on the concentration of Fe2+ and being hardly interferred by other common metal ions. Based on this fact, a flow injection CL method is established for the high sensitive and selective determination of Fe2+. The CL intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of Fe2+ in the range of 1.0 × 10–8 mol·L–1 to 1.0 × 10–5 mol·L–1 following the equation CLnet = 166.3c + 57.7 (c, ×10–6 mol·L–1; n = 7; R2 = 0.9988). The detection limit is calculated to be 3.2 × 10–9 mol·L–1 Fe2+ based on the 3S0/K principle. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.7% for 1.0 × 10–6 mol·L–1 Fe2+ (n = 11), a support for the precision of Fe2+ measurement. The recoveries of Fe2+ were obtained in the range of 98.8%—101.6% in three real water samples, showing the applicability and reliability by the proposed method. The possible CL mechanism is proposed based on the kinetic characteristic of the CL reaction and the CL spectrum.

Detection of enrofloxacin by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on cobalt hydroxide nanozyme.

The emergence and development of low-cost and high-efficiency nanozymes are promising to replace natural enzymes promoting the application of chemiluminescence immunoassays. Herein, a rapid and highly sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) nanozyme was established to detect enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in food. In this system, Co(OH)2 nanosheets act as nanozymes to catalyze and amplify the chemiluminescence signal of theluminol-PIP-H2O2 system, as well as a carrier for immobilizing antibodies to form stable immunoprobes. In addition, carboxyl resin beads with good stability and biocompatibility were used as the base of the immunosensor to carry more coating antigens, based on the principle of competitive immunity and to achieve the rapid detection of ENR. Under optimal conditions, the linear workingrange is 0.0001 ~ 1000ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.041pg/mL (S/N = 3). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of aquatic products and poultry food. A non-enzyme immunosensor using Co(OH)2 nanosheets as antibody-conjugated carriers and peroxidase mimics for catalytic amplification of the chemiluminescence signal of luminol and using carboxyl resin beads as platform was designed to detect ENR residues in food.

Enrichment of deoxynivalenol and establishment of online early warning treatment system for drinking water

AbstractAn online monitoring and early warning system was established to detect drinking water pollution from deoxynivalenol (DON). Flow injection chemiluminescence was selected as online monitoring tool for its low detection limit, fast detection process and broad linear range. The toxigenic strain of Fusarium graminearum (GDMCC3.507, freeze‐dried powder) was incubated and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium under constant temperature of 26 °C for 5 days. Different culture conditions were investigated to determine the most suitable conditions to culture the fungi and enrich DON that produced by Fusarium graminearum. Powder activated carbon (PAC) was used to remove DON in drinking water. A dynamic threshold X ± 5SD was established to detect DON in drinking water effectively. Calculation of standard curve indicated that 6 mg DON could be easily extracted from 100 mg corn culture medium. Emergency detoxification was achieved by PAC and the removal rate reached 76% after 50 min of adsorption process. Once the chemiluminescence intensity exceeded the X ± 5SD value of the exact point during the monitoring process, the tap water was estimated to have excessive toxin. The establishment of this emergency system could provide a basis for dealing with sudden pollution of drinking water.

Flow injection-chemiluminescence determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride in pharmaceuticals using tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II)-Ag(III) complex reaction.

A simple and sensitive flow injection-chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method was developed for determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride (CTZH) in pharmaceuticals. The method is primarily based on the enhancement effect of CTZH on the tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II)-diperiodatoargentate (III) ([Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ -Ag(III) complex) CL system in an acidic medium. The optimum investigated variables of the CL reaction were: [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ , 50 × 10-6 mol/L; sulfuric acid, 1.0 × 10-3 mol/L; Ag(III) complex, 100 × 10-6 mol/L; potassium hydroxide, 1.0 × 10-3 mol/L; flow rate, 3.0 ml/min and sample loop volume, 300 μl. The detection and quantification limits were 2.0 × 10-4 and 5.0 × 10-4 mg/L (S/N of 3 and 10) respectively with a linear calibration range of 5.0 × 10-4 to 7.5 mg/L (R2 = 0.9999, n = 11), injection throughput of 110/h and the relative standard deviations of 1.5-3.5% over the range studied. The methodology was successfully applied to determine CTZH in different pharmaceutical samples and validated with a high-performance liquid chromatography method, and resulted in the recovery of 94.6-108.6%. The probable CL reaction mechanism is described in brief.

Determination of Mancozeb and Maneb using flow injection chemiluminescence detection

ABSTRACTA rapid flow injection chemiluminescence method is developed to determine mancozeb and maneb fungicides in natural water samples in the range 0.0025–0.25 ppm (R2 = 0.9996, n = 6) and 0.01–0.75 ppm (R2 = 0.9994, n = 6) with limit of detections of 0.001 and 0.005 ppm (S/N = 3), relative standard deviations of 1.75% and 1.8% and 200 h–1injection throughputs, respectively. The method is based on diperiodatonickelate(IV)-rhodamine 6-G-Brij-35 chemilu-minescence reaction in potassium hydroxide medium enhanced by mancozeb and maneb. Several other oxidising agents instead of diperiodatonickelate(IV) are checked and diperiodatoargentate(III) enhanced appreciably the emission chemiluminescence intensity. Mancozeb and maneb are extracted from water samples by solid-phase extraction technique with the calculated recoveries in the range of 92–108% and relative standard deviations of 1.41–2.67%. The probable chemiluminescence mechanism is proposed with the help of UV-Vis spectrophotometric and CL studies.

Electrochemical Detection of Analytes in Fluids

A sufficient intake of nutrients is essential to remain healthy and hence few accurate methods of analysis for these nutritional values in pharmaceutical, fruits, milk, energy drinks, etc. are required. A wide variety of analytical techniques, such as Thermogravimetry, Spectrophotometry, High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), HPLC coupled with Mass Spectroscopy, Colorimetric, Flow Injection Chemiluminescence, Fluorimetric and Electrophoresis, etc. have been reported for the quantification of such nutrients. However, some of these methods are inappropriate for standard analysis as these techniques employed under these methods are complicated analytical processes, time-consuming and involve expensive instrumentation. Therefore, it is essential to develop a simple method to monitor the nutritional values over a wide range. Among various analytical methods, electroanalytical technique is a potential alternative due to fast, simple, and low-cost detection capabilities, making them ideal for applications in the field of pharmacy, food, and agriculture. Also, due to the possibility of miniaturization, this analytical technique gained much attraction. There has been a consistent effort towards the development of novel sensing strategies with specific attention to enhance specificity, sensitivity, and response time. In recent years, electrochemical methods are applied widely to detect and determine a variety of biological compounds, organic molecules and inorganic ions. Among various electroanalytical methods, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry, linear sweep voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and adsorptive stripping voltammetry are commonly employed for the detection of analytes. There are few selected nanomaterials that are being used as base materials in emerging technologies for possessing exceptional potential. Among such materials, tin oxide (SnO2) is a material with exciting sensing properties such as high sensitivity, good chemical stability, high electron mobility, fast response, and good recovery speed. It is a key functional material that has been used extensively in transparent conductors, transistors, optoelectronic devices and electrochemical modifiers on electrodes. Electrochemical analysis using SnO2 nanomaterial has been used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of amount of electro active analytes. This method is reported to be highly accurate, reliable and cheap.During the last few years, we began to focus on synthesizing and developing SnO2 nanomaterials for the detection of different analytes in fluids. My team is currently working for the detection of different analytes like Folic acid, Riboflavin and Vitamin B12, etc. in fluids and pharmaceutical samples. It is observed that all these analytes can be detected using certain modifications in sensing (SnO2 nanomaterials) electrodes. The sensing characteristics of SnO2 can further be improved by chemical doping with appropriate elements. The advantage of this method is that the detection is possible multiple times using same sensing electrode. As per our experience, SnO2 has great potential to become an economical sensing electrode and can be synthesized on any conducting substrates. This talk will discuss examples of ongoing research work on different SnO2 based sensors. Figure 1