Floral Patterns Research Articles

Penerapan Metode Stable Diffusion Dengan Fine Tuning Untuk Pola Endek Bali

Endek Bali fabric is a cultural heritage of Bali renowned for its traditional decorative motifs, including floral, fauna, patra, and diamond patterns. Although rich in cultural value, artisans often face challenges in creating new designs that align with market trends while preserving cultural authenticity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, particularly text-to-image generation models, offers a solution to this issue by streamlining the design process and enabling the exploration of new motifs. The Stable Diffusion model, introduced by Stability.AI in 2022 and open source, can be utilized to generate Endek Bali patterns through Fine Tuning techniques. Fine Tuning allows the model to be adapted to specific domains, enhancing its performance in generating textile patterns based on textual descriptions. This study aims to apply the Stable Diffusion model and Fine Tuning techniques to create new patterns and motifs. By using this model, it is hoped that innovative designs can be produced while maintaining the authenticity and local cultural values of Bali. The research demonstrates that the Fine-Tuned Stable Diffusion model is effective in creating Endek Bali patterns with high accuracy, as evaluated by Clip Similarity, with the highest scores achieved for Floral Patterns (92.43), followed by Decorative (free-form motifs) Floral (88.77), Decorative (free-form motifs) Geometric (87.94), and Decorative (free-form motifs) (85.79). These findings indicate the model’s flexibility and effectiveness in producing intricate textile designs, enabling designers and artisans to generate complex and innovative patterns solely from textual descriptions while preserving Bali’s cultural values.

Floral pattern in developmental cataract

Floral pattern in developmental cataract

A new nothospecies of Prosthechea (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae) from the Diamantina Plateau, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Based on morphological evidence found in some specimens recently collected in the Diamantina Plateau region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, a new natural hybrid between Prosthechea calamaria and P. faresiana is described and illustrated as P. ×riopretensis. Both putative parental species are known for the region and their flowering period overlaps. The new nothospecies carries most of the morphological features of P. calamaria, such as short plants (≤ 19 cm height) and inflorescences (≤ 7 cm long), and flowers with a small ovate lip (≤ 1 cm long), but the floral color pattern are remarkably like P. faresiana – sepals and petals covered by longitudinal vinaceous stripes. In addition to a digital composite plate of the taxonomic novelty, further images and a distribution map of the new nothospecies and its putative parents are provided, as well as notes on morphology, phenology, and ecology.

Palynological characterization of a diverse desertic ecosystem: the Peruvian Lomas

The Pacific coastal Peruvian landscapes are dominated by desert and dry-forest biomes, which have undergone shifts in extent and floral composition in response to Plio–Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Within this context, the coastal Lomas develop as seasonal vegetation patches, renowned for their high endemism, rich floral diversity, and essential ecosystem services. Despite growing within the desert biome, the Lomas exhibit characteristic elements and vegetation structure typical of a dry-forest biome, evidencing an active species migration between xeric biomes. However, assessing the historical evolution of this arid flora and, by extension, the coastal desert landscape, presents challenges. The scarcity of continental sedimentary records and a lack of extended and well-described palynological references impede these efforts. In response to this, our study offers a thorough morphological review of the Lomas palynoflora, encompassing over 194 genera from 76 families, representing approximately 80% of the known Lomas flora. Our review includes at least one species per reviewed genus, featuring 37 palynomorphs from endemic species (18.5% of the studied flora). This palynological characterization is intended to serve as accessible reference material for investigating the historical and long-term evolution of the coastal dry flora. Furthermore, these findings facilitate the analysis of honeys and bee floral foraging patterns, as well as the study of animal–plant or human–plant interactions from middens and archaeological remains.

Application and Exploration of Baoxiang Flower in Ceramic Incense Burner Design

Traditional Chinese decorative patterns are often based on animal and geometric elements. However, since the introduction of Buddhism during the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, plant and floral motifs have gradually emerged. During the flourishing period of Buddhist culture in the Tang Dynasty, plant-based decorative patterns were widely integrated into ceramics, metalware, and decorative arts. During this period, the Baoxiang flower pattern, influenced by foreign cultures, evolved into one of the distinctive traditional Chinese motifs. This study focuses on the artistic exploration of combining traditional floral patterns with the design and creativity of ceramic incense burners. By systematically analyzing the application of Baoxiang flower in ceramic incense burner design, through in-depth analysis of its historical evolution, cultural connotation, and artistic characteristics, and integrating modern design concepts and aesthetic trends, the innovative application of Baoxiang flower in ceramic incense burner design is explored. The research shows that the Baoxiang flower, with its unique artistic charm and profound cultural connotation, injects new inspiration and insights into ceramic incense burner design, enhancing its practicality, aesthetic appeal, cultural connotation, and artistic value.

Biased gene introgression and adaptation in the face of chloroplast capture in Aquilegia amurensis.

Chloroplast capture, a phenomenon that can occur through interspecific hybridization and introgression, is frequently invoked to explain cytonuclear discordance in plants. However, relatively few studies have documented the mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution and its potential for driving species differentiation and possible functional differences in the context of chloroplast capture. To address this crucial question, we chose the Aquilegia genus, which is known for having minimal sterility among species, and inferred that A. amurensis captured the plastome of A. parviflora based on cytonuclear discordance and gene flow between the two species. We focused on the introgression region and its differentiation from corresponding regions in closely related species, especially its composition in a chloroplast capture scenario. We found that nuclear genes encoding cytonuclear enzyme complexes (CECs; i.e., organelle-targeted genes) of chloroplast donor species were selectively retained and displaced the original CEC genes in chloroplast-receiving species due to cytonuclear interactions during introgression. Notably, the intrinsic correlation of CEC introgression was a greater degree of evolutionary distance for these CECs between A. amurensis and A. parviflora. Terpene synthase activity genes (GO: 0010333) were overrepresented among the introgressed genes, and more than 30% of these genes were CEC genes. These findings support our observations that floral terpene release pattern is similar between A. amurensis and A. parviflora compared with A. japonica. Our study clarifies the mechanisms of cytonuclear coevolution, species differentiation and functional differences in the context of chloroplast capture and highlights the potential role of chloroplast capture in adaptation.

Variations of floral temperature in changing weather conditions.

Floral temperature is a flower characteristic that has the potential to impact the fitness of flowering plants and their pollinators. Likewise, the presence of floral temperature patterns, areas of contrasting temperature across the flower, can have similar impacts on the fitness of both mutualists. It is currently poorly understood how floral temperature changes under the influence of different weather conditions, and how floral traits may moderate these changes. The way that floral temperature changes with weather conditions will impact how stable floral temperatures are over time and their utility to plants and pollinators. The stability of floral temperature cues is likely to facilitate effective plant-pollinator interactions and play a role in the plant's reproductive success. We use thermal imaging to monitor how floral temperatures and temperature patterns of four plant species (Cistus 'snow fire' and 'snow white', Coreopsis verticillata and Geranium psilostemon) change with several weather variables (illumination, temperature; windspeed; cloud cover; humidity and pressure) during times that pollinators are active. All weather variables influenced floral temperature in one or more species. The directionality of these relationships was similar across species. In all species, light conditions (illumination) had the greatest influence on floral temperatures overall. Floral temperature and the extent to which flowers showed contrasting temperature patterns were influenced predominantly by light conditions. However, several weather variables had additional, lesser, influences. Furthermore, differences in floral traits, pigmentation and structure, likely resulted in differences in temperature responses to given conditions between species and different parts of the same flower. However, floral temperatures and contrasting temperature patterns that are sufficiently elevated for detection by pollinators were maintained across most conditions if flowers received moderate illumination. This suggests the presence of elevated floral temperature and contrasting temperature patterns are fairly constant and may have potential to influence plant-pollinator interactions across weather conditions.

KAJIAN PELESTARIAN BANGUNAN CAGAR BUDAYA MASJID HUNTO SULTAN AMAY GORONTALO

Abstract: Study on the Preservation of the Cultural Heritage Building Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque in Gorontalo. This research aims to examine and identify the significance of Islamic architecture, including architectural elements that form the building's character and Islamic architectural elements, and to analyze and determine the direction of preservation for the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque. The methods used in this research include three approaches: descriptive analysis method, evaluative method (weighting), and development method. The identification results of the significance of Islamic architecture in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque are based on the original plan, which measures 12 x 12 m², including elements such as the dome, mihrab, and Islamic architectural ornaments such as calligraphy, floral, and geometric patterns that form aesthetics and characteristics similar to the Nabawi Mosque in the Middle East. The preservation directions for the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque building are classified based on low, medium, and high potential levels. Based on the potential level determination, conservation directions for the building elements are then established according to their condition. There are seven high-potential elements and four medium-potential elements. The preservation directions for the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque building are divided into preservation directions for four elements: columns, dome, mihrab, and arches; conservation directions for six elements: doors, walls, ornaments, ceiling, roof, and minaret; and restoration direction for one element: windows.

Shedding light on overlooked pollinators: Global insights into floral interactions of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Myrmosidae)

AbstractPlant–animal interactions constitute a recurrent and central focus in ecological research, with pollination representing one of its most extensively studied aspects. While certain insect orders have traditionally received considerable attention due to their abundance as flower visitors and their efficiency in pollination, it is undeniable that the significance of other less popular and neglected flower visitors cannot be overlooked. In this regard, velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae and Myrmosidae) constitute an excellent study model, as the knowledge of their ecology (e.g., their feeding preferences) is still very limited despite being reported as common flower visitors. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive global review of velvet ant floral visitation patterns using citizen science data, literature records and unpublished data. We used network metrics to explore their flower‐visit preferences on a global scale, as well as depending on the bioregion where the interaction was recorded and the sex of the velvet ants. In addition, we explored their potential role as pollen vectors examining the number of photographic records where velvet ants had pollen attached to their bodies. Our analyses revealed that velvet ants are generalist flower visitors of a wide range of plant families, with Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rhamnaceae and Fabaceae as the most visited. Despite differences in flowering plant and velvet ant composition across bioregions causing differences in plant‐velvet ant interactions, velvet ants visited flowering plants in a generalistic way across the globe. Males and females seemed to visit different plant communities, with males being more generalist than females. Furthermore, 42.7% (likely an underestimation) of the photographic records of velvet ants visiting flowers showed pollen attached to their bodies in the same way as in other pollinating insects, suggesting the same potential role as pollinators. There remains ample scope for ongoing investigation to comprehensively assess the importance of numerous arthropods, including velvet ants, not only as flower visitors but also as potential pollinators.

A Convenient In Situ Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4-Anatase Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photocatalysis/Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Hydrogen Production.

This study details the rational design and synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)-doped anatase (A) heterostructures, utilizing earth-abundant elements to enhance the efficiency of solar-driven water splitting. A one-step hydrothermal method was employed to fabricate a series of CZTS-A heterojunctions. As the concentration of titanium dioxide (TiO2) varied, the morphology of CZTS shifted from floral patterns to sheet-like structures. The resulting CZTS-A heterostructures underwent comprehensive characterization through photoelectrochemical response assessments, optical measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses. Detailed photoelectrochemical (PEC) investigations demonstrated notable enhancements in photocurrent density and incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE). Compared to pure anatase electrodes, the optimized CZTS-A heterostructures exhibited a seven-fold increase in photocurrent density and reached a hydrogen production efficiency of 1.1%. Additionally, the maximum H2 production rate from these heterostructures was 11-times greater than that of pure anatase and 250-times higher than the original CZTS after 2 h of irradiation. These results underscore the enhanced PEC performance of CZTS-A heterostructures, highlighting their potential as highly efficient materials for solar water splitting. Integrating Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles (NPs) within TiO2 (anatase) heterostructures implied new avenues for developing earth-abundant and cost-effective photocatalytic systems for renewable energy applications.

Re-investigation of the Mesozoic cycad genus Chilinia: Fossil record, diversity, spatio-temporal distribution, and palaeoclimate implications

Chilinia is an extinct genus of cycads, established by Li and Ye in 1964 based on leaf fossils from the Lower Cretaceous in Jilin Province, China. Morphologically, the genus Chilinia closely resembles Ctenis, another cycad foliage genus, in having pinnately divided leaves with laterally inserted pinnae on the rachis and reticulate venation but differs mainly from the latter in having toothed or irregularly lobed rather than entire-margined pinnae. Fossil records show that up to now, nine species of Chilinia have been reported worldwide, representing an index fossil plant in the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of all reported Chilinia fossils from a systematic palaeobotanical perspective. Fossil records indicate that Chilinia mainly occurred in the middle–high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres in Pangea from the Middle Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous. Combined evidence from the morphology of Chilinia and its floral patterns suggests that the genus probably lived in humid warm-temperate palaeoclimatic conditions with brief seasonal variations.

Genomics insights into flowering and floral pattern formation: regional duplication and seasonal pattern of gene expression in Camellia

BackgroundThe formation and domestication of ornamental traits are influenced by various aspects, such as the recognition of esthetic values and cultural traditions. Camellia japonica is widely appreciated and domesticated around the world mainly due to its rich variations in ornamental traits. Ornamental camellias have a diverse range of resources, including different bud variations from Camellia spp. as well as inter- and intra- specific hybridization. Despite research on the formation of ornamental traits, a basic understanding of their genetics and genomics is still lacking.ResultsHere, we report the chromosomal-level reference genome of C. japonica through combining multiple DNA-sequencing technologies and obtain a high-density genetic linkage map of 4255 markers by sequencing 98 interspecific F1 hybrids between C. japonica and C. chekiangoleosa. We identify two whole-genome duplication events in C. japonica: one is a shared ancient γ event, and the other is revealed to be specific to genus Camellia. Based on the micro-collinearity analysis, we find large-scale segmental duplication of chromosome 8, resulting to two copies of the AGAMOUS loci, which may play a key role in the domestication of floral shapes. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of seasonal flowering, we have analyzed year-round gene expression patterns of C. japonica and C. azalea—a sister plant of continuous flowering that has been widely used for cross breeding. Through comparative analyses of gene co-expression networks and annual gene expression patterns, we show that annual expression rhythms of some important regulators of seasonal growth and development, including GIGANTEA and CONSTANS of the photoperiod pathway, have been disrupted in C. azalea. Furthermore, we reveal that the distinctive expression patterns of FLOWERING LOCUS T can be correlated with the seasonal activities of flowering and flushing. We demonstrate that the regulatory module involved in GIGANTEA, CONSTANS, and FLOWERING LOCUS T is central to achieve seasonality.ConclusionsThrough the genomic and comparative genomics characterizations of ornamental Camellia spp., we propose that duplication of chromosomal segments as well as the establishment of gene expression patterns has played a key role in the formation of ornamental traits (e.g., flower shape, flowering time). This work provides a valuable genomic platform for understanding the molecular basis of ornamental traits.

Pollen, anther, stamen, and androecium mimicry.

Floral colours represent a highly diverse communication signal mainly involved in flower visitors' attraction and guidance, but also flower discrimination, filtering non-pollinators and discouraging floral antagonists. The divergent visual systems and colour preferences of flower visitors, as well as the necessity of cues for flower detection and discrimination, foster the diversity of floral colours and colour patterns. Despite the bewildering diversity of floral colour patterns, a recurrent component is a yellow UV-absorbing floral centre, and it is still not clear why this pattern is so frequent inangiosperms. The pollen, anther, stamen, and androecium mimicry (PASAM) hypothesis suggests that the system composed of the flowers possessing such yellow UV-absorbing floral reproductive structures, the flowers displaying central yellow UV-absorbing structures as floral guides, and the pollen-collecting, as well as pollen-eating, flower visitors responding to such signals constitute the world's most speciose mimicry system. In this review, we call the attention of researchers to some hypothetical PASAM systems around the globe, presenting some fascinating examples that illustrate their huge diversity. We will also present new and published data on pollen-eating and pollen-collecting pollinators' responses to PASAM structures supporting the PASAM hypothesis and will discuss how widespread these systems are around the globe. Ultimately, our goal is to promote the idea that PASAM is a plausible first approach to understanding floral colour patterns in angiosperms.

Differentiating Leaf Structures and Physiological Responses to Freezing Stress of Mangrove Kandelia obovata from Different Provenances

Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae) is the most cold-tolerant mangrove species and has been widely used in coastal wetland ecological restoration due to its specific viviparous phenomenon, beautiful shape, and unique floral pattern. Due to long-term adaptation to their local environment, the phenotypic characteristics and stress resistance of widely distributed plants of the same species often differentiate across different locations. The capacity for cold resistance is closely linked to the physiological and structural characteristics of plants. Herein, we explored the temporal variations in the leaf structure and physiological status of K. obovata under −5.5 °C from different areas such as Jiulongjiang Estuary (JLJ, 24°25′ N), Fujian Province, and Longgang City (LG, 27°34′ N) and Jiaojiang District (JJ, 28°67′ N), Zhejiang Province. The morphological variations implied that the cold resistance of K. obovata obviously strengthened after the northward migration and acclimatization, in the following order: LG > JJ > JLJ. More specifically, after exposure to a sustained low temperature, the relative conductivity (REC), an index widely used to evaluate the degree of plant damage, remarkably increased from 33.62 ± 2.39 to 63.73 ± 3.81, 31.20 ± 1.63 to 49.48 ± 1.12, and 23.75 ± 0.13 to 54.24 ± 1.45 for JLJ, LG, and JJ, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, the palisade-to-spongy tissue ratio (P/I) of JLJ and JJ decreased from 0.78 ± 0.05 and 0.75 ± 0.03 to 0.5 ± 0.04 and 0.64 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05), whereas no significant changes were found in LG (p > 0.05). The SOD activity of LG significantly kept increasing, with values increased from 352.49 ± 10.38 to 477.65 ± 1.78 U·g−1, whereas no apparent changes in JLJ and JJ were observed with the sustained low temperature. The results of this study improved our understanding of the response of K. obovata to freezing stress, which could provide a sound theoretical foundation for cultivating cold-resistant varieties, as well as expanding mangrove plantations in higher latitudes.

STAMENLESS1 activates SUPERWOMAN1 and FLORAL ORGAN NUMBER1 to control floral organ identities and meristem fate in rice.

Floral patterns are unique to rice and contribute significantly to its reproductive success. SL1 encodes a C2H2 transcription factor that plays a critical role in flower development in rice, but the molecular mechanism regulated by it remains poorly understood. Here, we describe interactions of the SL1 with floral homeotic genes, SPW1, and DL in specifying floral organ identities and floral meristem fate. First, the sl1 spw1 double mutant exhibited a stamen-to-pistil transition similar to that of sl1, spw1, suggesting that SL1 and SPW1 may located in the same pathway regulating stamen development. Expression analysis revealed that SL1 is located upstream of SPW1 to maintain its high level of expression and that SPW1, in turn, activates the B-class genes OsMADS2 and OsMADS4 to suppress DL expression indirectly. Secondly, sl1 dl displayed a severe loss of floral meristem determinacy and produced amorphous tissues in the third/fourth whorl. Expression analysis revealed that the meristem identity gene OSH1 was ectopically expressed in sl1 dl in the fourth whorl, suggesting that SL1 and DL synergistically terminate the floral meristem fate. Another meristem identity gene, FON1, was significantly decreased in expression in sl1 background mutants, suggesting that SL1 may directly activate its expression to regulate floral meristem fate. Finally, molecular evidence supported the direct genomic binding of SL1 to SPW1 and FON1 and the subsequent activation of their expression. In conclusion, we present a model to illustrate the roles of SL1, SPW1, and DL in floral organ specification and regulation of floral meristem fate in rice.

Seasonal variation of two floral patterns in Clematis ‘Vyvyan Pennell’ and its underlying mechanism

BackgroundFloral patterns are crucial for insect pollination and plant reproduction. Generally, once these patterns are established, they exhibit minimal changes under natural circumstances. However, the Clematis cultivar’ Vyvyan Pennell’, the apetalous lineage in the Ranunculaceae family, produces two distinct types of flowers during different seasons. The regulatory mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains largely unknown. In this study, we aim to shed light on this floral development with shifting seasonal patterns by conducting extensive morphological, transcriptomic, and hormone metabolic analyses. Our findings are anticipated to contribute valuable insights into the diversity of flowers in the Ranunculaceae family.ResultsThe morphological analysis revealed that the presence of extra petaloid structures in the spring double perianth was a result of the transformation of stamens covered with trichomes during the 5th developmental stage. A de novo reference transcriptome was constructed by comparing buds and organs within double and single perianth from both seasons. A total of 209,056 unigenes were assembled, and 5826 genes were successfully annotated in all six databases. Among the 69,888 differentially expressed genes from the comparative analysis, 48 genes of utmost significance were identified. These critical genes are associated with various aspects of floral development. Interestingly, the A-, B-, and C-class genes exhibited a wider range of expression and were distinct within two seasons. The determination of floral organ identity was attributed to the collaborative functioning of all the three classes genes, aligning with a modified “fading border model”. The phytohormones GA3, salicylic acid, and trans-zeatin riboside may affect the formation of the spring double perianth, whereas GA7 and abscisic acid may affect single flowers in autumn.ConclusionsWe presumed that the varying temperatures between the two seasons served as the primary factor in the alteration of floral patterns, potentially affecting the levels of plant hormones and expressions of organ identity genes. However, a more thorough investigation is necessary to fully comprehend the entire regulatory network. Nonetheless, our study provides some valuable informations for understanding the underlying mechanism of floral pattern alterations in Clematis.

A visual pollination mechanism of a new specialized pollinating weevil-plant reciprocity system.

Pollinating flower-consuming mutualisms are considered exemplary models for studying coevolution due to their rarity. Visual cues are considered to have a major role in facilitating the evolution of floral patterns in these systems. We present a new specialized pollinating flower-consuming mutualism from the plant Wurfbainia villosa, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, by a pollinating weevil, Xenysmoderes sp. In this study, We utilized monochrome plates for binary-choice tests to determine weevil color preferences, conducted behavioral choice experiments, using trackballs, photographed flowers and weevils, and employed blue sticky boards to attract weevils in the field. Tests were conducted using colorpreferring weevils in both indoor and outdoor field systems, and validation experiments were performed. Behavioral tests were conducted to investigate the role of the visual cues in the pollinator attraction of W. villosa, which is a selfcompatible insect-pollinated plant that relies primarily on the Xenysmoderes sp. weevil for pollination due to its specialized gynandrium-like structure. Behavioral tests demonstrated that a blue color wavelength of 480 nm and the blue color system, as along with the UV-style pattern of the flowers, particularly the parts with specialized gynandrium-like structures in the labellum, were significantly attractive to both male and female weevils. These results were further confirmed through the field blue sticky board trap method. These findings indicated that the interaction between W. villosa and Xenysmoderes sp. weevil was a novel symbiotic relationship involving pollinator flower consumption. Additionally, Wurfbainia villosa flowers developed specific visual cues of UV patterns and specialized structures that played a crucial role in attracting pollinators.

INNOVATIVE FABRIC DESIGN OF THE VIENNA WORKSHOPS

The Vienna Workshops is an artistic and industrial association founded in 1903 by architect J. Hoffman, artist K. Moser and industrialist F. Werndorfer, who made a significant contribution to the development of textile ornamentation. J. Hoffman (who was influenced by the Scottish architect C.R. Mackintosh) continued his bold experiments in the use of smooth planes and volumes in architectural structures. J. Hoffman was a follower of the Gesamtkunstwerk concept and he paid special attention to the textile ornamentation which should be reflected in a single style set by architectural forms. In the initial period of activity of the Vienna workshops from 1903 to 1910, the artists of the association developed a special type of geometric ornaments, which were distinguished by the innovative ways of building rapport compositions using the simplest shapes: squares, rectangles, ovals, rhombuses, etc. The new structures of the ornamental motifs had a striking individual manner and were used in a variety of products of the Viennese workshops. The article introduces for the first time into scientific circulation sketches and a book of samples of textile products for 1908 of a French enterprise supposedly owned by C. Steiner, with geometric patterns by Viennese workshops. These rare materials were provided by a private collector from St. Petersburg. The next important stage in the association’s activities began after the opening of the textile department in 1910 and was associated with the development of stylized floral motifs in a primitive manner. Following the artists of Munich, the Viennese workshops turned to the folklore tradition and proposed new textile designs with large floral and foliage forms. They were characterized by a planar image of elements, the use of graphic possibilities of lines, spots and shading of local colors. The fabrics of the Viennese workshops were a great success with contemporaries and were used to create women’s outfits and in interior design. Innovative geometric and floral patterns of fabrics in a primitive manner had a noticeable impact on the products of textile factories in Europe in the first decades of the 20th century.

Дундад зууны монголчуудын алтан эмээлийн тухай

The design and practical utilization of saddles dating to the Great Mongol Empire contain diverse cultural contexts. The adornment of the pommel displays motifs of vivid, free, spiritual, and mighty subject matters. The designs of intertwined floral patterns, twisted ropes, ‘horns,’ and scroll motifs, along with depictions of deer, rabbit, and horse, are the most favored themes for nomads but are rarely observed in other cultures. As the Mongols conquered and reigned by virtue of their horses, they worshipped these animals and adorned them with the best they had to offer. The extensive use of precious metals was meant to demonstrate their power and status. The origin of gold and silver-plated saddles dates back to the Khitan (Liao) Dynasty. According to researchers the smithery traditions and technology were sustained and advanced during the Great Mongol Empire. The saddles dating to this period were embellished with gold and silver plates on the pommel, cantle, saddle bars, gullet, and rear jockey, punctuated with precious stone inlays. Meanwhile, all the leather straps of the girth, breast collar, and cruppers were adorned with gold and silver plaques of the same design. Several 13th- and 14th-century gold and silver-plated saddles unearthed in Mongolia, Ukraine, Russia, and Inner Mongolia, China, were each distinct in design yet displayed the salient features and craftsmanship traditions of the Mongols. Dragon has been the symbol and insignia of prestige and the royal court in Oriental ideology. The embellishments on the pommel, gullet, and bars are symmetric with typical Mongolian decorative design. Judging from historical resources and archaeological finds, horse harness fittings made of gold and silver were of significance to the imperial Mongols. The relatively intact three saddles in Ayurzana Altangerel’s collection in Ulaanbaatar have been attributable to the imperial court of the Great Mongol Empire, considering their level of craftsmanship proficiency, production methods and techniques, as well as the frequency of dragon motifs with three and four claws and precious stone inlays, all of which exemplify the exotic taste of the steppe people. The gold and silver arts under the Great Mongol Empire initially employed the distinct nomadic taste, traditional customs, and material culture, and further developed into a cultural continuum of a world empire, articulating and acculturizing diverse religions and cultures of all the nations under its reign. Mongolia acquired more influences from foreign cultures in both material and intellectual development, yet the arts of nomadic Mongols manifested and served as the core and essence of this worldly phenomenon, reverberating in other parts of the world.

The Development of Sabai Khit cloth of Roi Et in floral net patterns

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการพัฒนาลายผ้าสไบขิดจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ดจากลวดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ และเพื่อศึกษาความพึงพอใจของกลุ่มเป้าหมายที่มีต่อผ้าสไบขิดจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ดจากลวดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ โดยผู้วิจัยได้ศึกษาออกแบบลายขิดหลักจากลวดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ ได้แก่ ขิดลายสี่ก้านสี่ดอก ขิดลายเกล็ด ขิดลายอกแมงมุม ขิดลายดาวใกล้เดือน ขิดลายดาวล้อมเดือน ขิดลายกำแพงแก้ว นำไปออกแบบภาพร่างความคิดตามองค์ประกอบของผ้าสไบขิดจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ด จำนวน 3 รูปแบบ เพื่อให้ผู้เชี่ยวชาญพิจารณาเลือก จากนั้นนำรูปแบบที่ผู้เชี่ยวชาญเห็นชอบมากที่สุด มาทอเป็นผ้าสไบขิดจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ จำนวน 1 ผืน และไปสำรวจความพึงพอใจของกลุ่มเป้าหมาย จำนวน 100 คน นำข้อมูลที่ได้มาวิเคราะห์โดยใช้ ค่าความถี่ ค่าร้อยละ และค่าเฉลี่ย โดยมีผลการวิเคราะห์ ดังนี้ ผู้เชี่ยวชาญส่วนใหญ่เลือกแบบภาพร่างความคิด แบบที่ 3 มาเป็นต้นแบบการจัดวางองค์ประกอบของผืนผ้าสไบขิดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ เลือกกลุ่มสีที่ 3 คือสีม่วงเป็นสีพื้น สีเหลืองสีขาวเป็นสีดอกขิด ใช้ในการทอและไม่ควรมีวัสดุตกแต่งดิ้นเงินในการทอผ้าสไบขิดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ และความพึงพอใจของกลุ่มเป้าหมายที่มีต่อการพัฒนาลายผ้าสไบขิดจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ดจากลวดลายตาข่ายดอกไม้ ด้านการออกแบบ ด้านผลิตภัณฑ์ ด้านประโยชน์และการใช้งาน พึงพอใจอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด