Flooding Of Agricultural Land Research Articles

Flood damage assessment for the Phan-Ca Lo River basin in Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam

ABSTRACT In this research, the authors aim to evaluate the damage caused by floods in Vinh Phuc Province. The study incorporates the construction of hydro-hydraulic models and the development of damage functions for the main elements at risk. In order to ensure the accuracy of the calculated results, the hydro-hydraulic models and damage curves are verified for their reasonableness. The outcomes of this study give us an overview of flood damage in the research area. It indicates that the potential level of flood damage is a matter of significant concern, with an annual damage estimate of approximately 6.9 million USD. The research also reveals the distribution of damage by sector and by space. According to the research findings, the greatest damage was in Vinh Tuong District, where most of the damage was caused by flooding of agricultural land. In contrast, residential buildings in the area suffered relatively little damage compared to agricultural land. This information is crucial for decision-makers to implement effective and targeted mitigation measures.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Export After Flooding of Agricultural Land by Coastal Managed Realignment

Climate-driven sea level rise has severe consequences for drained agricultural areas near coasts. The least productive of these can be restored into marine wetlands of high ecological quality by managed realignment. This study assessed the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) balance in a 214 ha coastal lagoon formed after flooding of agricultural land by managed realignment. N and P loss from the soils was monitored over a 5-year period after flooding using three independent approaches: (1) temporal changes in N and P inventories of the soil; (2) flux of dissolved inorganic N and P from the flooded soil; and (3) tidal N and P exchange across the outer boundary in the form of particulate and dissolved nutrients. All three approaches showed similar initial release and tidal export of N and P the first year(s) after flooding followed by decreasing rates. The annual loss ranged from 157 to 299 kg N ha−1 yr−1 and 29 to 63 kg P ha−1 yr−1 during the first year. N loss decreased rapidly after the first 2 years and reached a level of 28–65 kg N ha−1 yr−1, while P loss declined after the first year and remained stable and relatively high at 18–32 kg P ha−1 yr−1 thereafter. High N and P export after implementing managed realignment of agricultural land may deteriorate environmental conditions in the adjacent marine recipients for at least 5 years. Particularly small and stagnant water bodies vulnerable to eutrophication should be avoided as recipients.

Fertilizer-derived N in opportunistic macroalgae after flooding of agricultural land

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 616:37-49 (2019) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12927 Fertilizer-derived N in opportunistic macroalgae after flooding of agricultural land Sandra Walløe Thorsen*, Erik Kristensen, Thomas Valdemarsen, Mogens R. Flindt, Cintia Organo Quintana, Marianne Holmer Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark *Corresponding author: sandrawt@biology.sdu.dk ABSTRACT: Managed realignment by deliberate flooding of coastal areas is an adaptation to sea level rise but may risk enriching the coastal zone with nutrients when seawater floods agricultural soil. This study focuses on the early development of macroalgae and their sources of nitrogen (N) in Gyldensteen Coastal Lagoon, Denmark. The lagoon was claimed for agricultural purposes in 1871 and reflooded by managed realignment 143 yr later (2014). Our hypotheses were: (1) that nutrients of agricultural origin from the newly flooded soil initiate opportunistic macroalgal blooms; and (2) that the isotopic composition of green algae rapidly reflects the origin of nutrient sources. We monitored macroalgal cover and conducted stable isotope (δ15N) analyses to assess the origin of N sources. Intense green macroalgal blooms occurred during the first summer after flooding and diminished in the 2 following years as a result of rapid water exchange. Low δ15N in macroalgae in the first year (mean ± SE, 4.2 ± 0.3‰) increased significantly in the next year (8.0 ± 0.1‰). A laboratory experiment tested the δ15N response of opportunistic green macroalgae (Ulva spp.) exposed to organic manure and synthetic inorganic fertilizers. Higher δ15N (11.1 ± 0.1‰) characterized manure-treated algae compared to fertilizer-treated algae (2.7 ± 0.2‰). Based on these field and laboratory results, we accept both hypotheses and conclude that the major N source supporting macroalgal growth in 2014 was derived from synthetic fertilizers; however, rapid tidal flushing during the following years resulted in nutrient limitation and lower macroalgal growth. KEY WORDS: Nitrogen · Macroalgal bloom · Nutrient sources · Sea level rise · Coastal realignment · Gyldensteen Coastal Lagoon Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Thorsen SW, Kristensen E, Valdemarsen T, Flindt MR, Quintana CO, Holmer M (2019) Fertilizer-derived N in opportunistic macroalgae after flooding of agricultural land. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 616:37-49. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12927 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 616. Online publication date: May 09, 2019 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2019 Inter-Research.

Assessment of climate change vulnerability of farm households in Pyapon District, a delta region in Myanmar

Sea level rise causes saltwater intrusion and flooding of agricultural land and ultimately threatens the livelihoods of farm households in the delta region of Myanmar. Empirical research on the effects of climate change on the delta's agriculture and an assessment of the vulnerability are becoming necessary. This study explores the vulnerability of farm households to sea level rise using two methods: the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), which is comprised of 37 indicators, and the Socioeconomic Vulnerability Index (SeVI), which contains 35 indicators. Interviews with 178 farmers were conducted in Bogale, Pyapon and Dedaye Townships in Pyapon District. In addition, 7 focus group discussions were performed, with at least 2 discussions in each Township. Both methods identify Bogale to be the most vulnerable Township, followed by Dedaye and Pyapon Townships. Following the LVI approach, Bogale Township has the highest sensitivity to climate effects and the highest exposure to natural hazards, but also a higher adaptive capacity than the other townships. In contrast using the SeVI approach, Bogale was found to have the highest sensitivity and exposure to natural hazards but the lowest adaptive capacity score. The study found that the climate change adaptation measures taken by the farmers are important to limit vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and thus promotion of the adaptive capacity of farmers is important for the delta region of Myanmar.

Water treatment methods for the needs of spatial planning in Kosovo

In this paper, the hydrological potential and the challenges in the social, economic, ecological and management context will be addressed. In this case, the model of the Klina river basin in Kosovo has been selected, while the study is based on the quantity, ecological status of running waters, subterranean water and anthropogenic influences that endanger this irreplaceable and resourceful resource. The amount of water differs from country to country, where in many cases water shortages represent the main challenge of contemporary social, economic, ecological developments. Therefore, bad management of water resources presents barriers or obstacles to the development of settlements, industry and agriculture, while on the other hand, it also causes flooding, drought etc. Poor river management is accompanied by severe consequences, while lack of river care and poor management in many cases has caused the frequent flooding of agricultural land and endangering of settlements.

Assessing land suitability for aquifer storage and recharge in northern Ghana using remote sensing and GIS multi-criteria decision analysis technique

Increasing climate variability and challenge in access to water pose major impediments to rainfed agricultural productivity. Extensive flooding of agricultural lands during the rainy season and lack of water during the 8-month long dry season affect the livelihood of the people in the northern Ghana, a situation that calls for better water management practices. The use of aquifer storage and recharge (ASR) based technique, helps to reduce flooding and improve access to water during the dry season; however such technology has specific requirements for successful implementation. This study assesses suitable areas for the technology in the northern Ghana terrain using multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in ArcGIS environment. The result suggests around 66% (48,516 km2) of the crop area in the northern Ghana available for the technology are within moderate to very high suitable sites, of which 44% (29,490 km2) fall into the high and very high suitable sites. This could imply high potential for the artificial groundwater storage system in northern Ghana given other conditions.

Effect of Climate Change on Crop Production in Rwanda

For Africa’s developing countries the agricultural system is among the most vulnerable due to extensive use of rainfed crop production, presence of droughts and floods that affect crops as well as initial poverty of population that limits the capacity to adapt. In this study were realized the analysis of long-term rainfall data and its impact on main crop products in Rwanda. Some rainfall data was infilled for the period of 1926-2013. It was done using the monitoring data of a neighbor weather station with relatively the same elevation above sea level and with a monitoring record of no less than 40 years. The neighboring station with the best correlation was selected for the infilling. The missing rainfall data was infilled for all the stations with resulting regression coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.80. This indicates the acceptability of the performed regression. Also were constructed different-cumulative curves of rainfall and sort out cycles of decline and increment of rainfall. Similar different-cumulative curves were constructed for main crops in Rwanda. Correlation and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between rainfall, arable land expansion, fertilizer use and crop yield. Particularly for Rwandan conditions, the rainfall variations are determinant for the crop yield increment. The intensification of extreme flood’s and, as rule, flooding of agricultural lands in connection with rainfall augmentation was also allocated.

Modeling of fast ground subsidence observed in southern Saskatchewan (Canada) during 2008–2011

Abstract. Fast ground subsidence in southern Saskatchewan (Canada) between the city of Saskatoon and Rice Lake was observed with the RADARSAT-2 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) during 2008–2011. We collected 23 ascending Multi-Look Fine 3 Far (MF3F) and 15 descending Standard 3 (S3) RADARSAT-2 images and performed time-series analysis utilizing Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Multidimensional SBAS (MSBAS) methodologies. We observed two well-defined circular regions located a few kilometers apart and subsiding with the nearly constant rate of about 10 cm yr-1. MSBAS decomposition revealed the presence of both vertical and horizontal ground displacements. For further analysis we selected two highly coherent interferograms spanning from November to December 2009 until April 2010 thanks to particularly favorable ground conditions that displayed superior coherence. We performed modeling and inversion assuming spherical and sill source models in order to determine the source location, depth and strength. The sill source model produced the smallest residual of 0.7 cm yr-1 applied to ascending interferograms and 0.9 cm yr-1 applied to descending interferograms. A residual of 1.0 cm yr-1 was achieved with the sill model when both ascending and descending interferograms were used. This model suggested sources located at 1.3 and 1.2 km depth with radius of 1.0 and 1.3 km for eastern and western areas, respectively. The spherical model suggested slightly shallower sources located at 0.9 and 0.8 km. We could not precisely identify the cause of this deformation, but the observed subsidence rate and source depth suggest mining-related origin. Topographic changes produced by this subsidence rate over a long time may produce shallow groundwater redistribution and flooding of agricultural lands.

Impact of the 2010–2011 La Niña phenomenon in Colombia, South America: The human toll of an extreme weather event

The 2010–2011 La Niña (positive phase of El Niño) phenomenon affected four million Colombians, ∼9% of the total population, and caused economic losses of approximately US $7.8 billion, related to destruction of infrastructure, flooding of agricultural lands and payment of government subsidies. We analyzed the spatial patterns of effects on the population, measured as the number of affected persons in each municipality normalized to the total municipal population for 2011, using global (Moran's I index) and local (LISA) spatial autocorrelation indicators, and multiple regression analyses (OLS and ML spatial error model). The spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed two regional clusters or “hotspots” with high autocorrelation values, in the lower Magdalena River Valley (Caribbean plains) and lower Atrato Valley (Pacific lowlands). The regression analyses emphasized the importance of the spatial component as well as the variables related to hazard exposure and social vulnerability. Municipalities in “hotspots” show: (1) a high degree of flooding, as they are located on the Magdalena and Atrato River floodplains, and (2) high social vulnerability, suggested by low values of the ICV (national living conditions index).

The Three Gorges Dam Project—Religious Practices and Heritage Conservation

Yunyang, in the heart of the Three Gorges region, is bearing the brunt of the consequences of the dam’s construction, through the flooding of agricultural lands, the resettlement of families, the wholesale rebuilding of urban centres and the relocation of the famous Zhang Fei temple. At the core of vital economic, ideological and symbolic interests are historical and religious relics and the worship of local deities. From local development policies to citizen initiatives, these fundamental markers of community identity are the subject of many different investments and reworkings. They are showing themselves to be particularly crucial for consolidation of the identity of the inhabitants frayed by the trauma that the region is currently undergoing.

Impact of the July 14, 1987 Rainstorm on Agricultural Runoff in Western Quebec

A severe rainstorm occurred in the Montreal region on July 14, 1987. Measurements at several locations showed that there was significant spatial variability of the rainfall. Over 102 mm of rain fell within six hours at the McGill University campus, Montreal. On an 8.1 km2 agricultural watershed located at St. Dominique, 45 km west of the McGill campus, rainfall amounts varied from 40 to 65 mm. In the City of Montreal, the rainfall caused severe flooding, destruction of property and loss of life. However, at St. Dominique only 3.89 mm of runoff were produced and no flooding of agricultural lands was observed. Soil moisture prior to the storm was near permanent wilting point, and the rainstorm produced water table rises varying from 40 to 50 cm primarily in the undrained clay sections of the watershed. Approximately 31 percent of the watershed is subsurface drained. However, the subsurface drain flows did not lead to downstream flooding. This rainfall event highlighted the differences in runoff patterns on ...