Floods pose a major threat to agricultural production in Kilosa District, Tanzania, with the Mkondoa River being a primary source of flooding. This study aimed to assess the impacts of floods on crop production in Kilosa District. A cross-sectional research design was employed, involving a household survey of 120 respondents, focus group discussions and key informant interview with various stakeholders. The results show that floods have had significant negative impacts on crop production in the district. Over 80% of the population in Kilosa depend on agriculture, and this sector is affected by floods. Respondents reported substantial losses in crop yields and damage to farmland due to recurring flood events. The study also identified several initiatives conducted by the local community, organizations and the government to reduce the impact of floods. However, more effort is needed to minimize the impact on crop damage. The insights from this assessment can inform policymakers and development practitioners in designing and implementing effective flood management strategies for Kilosa District