Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Research Articles

Eco-friendly dredging methods of changing fluvial landforms for enhancing hydraulic habitat quality and river corridor continuum

Hydraulic habitat connectivity, including the longitudinal continuum respect and lateral flood pulse, is critical for fish survival and organism dispersal. Inappropriate and excessive dredging for prevent flooding may harm river ecosystems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate whether eco-friendly dredging presented by changing local river landforms incorporating the concept of nature-based solutions could grow fish habitat quality for improving river continuity and achieving flood control effects. By combining various mathematical models and empirical formulas and verifying them with the data obtained through field surveys, we explore the interconnections of hydrology, river morphology, and the habitat dynamics of four endemic fishes in an alluvial river. The relationship between habitat structure, flood risk, and river topography, flow discharge was presented as the reference for developing the proper river dredging approaches. The results reveal that the primary habitat defects were lack of high-quality habitat, unsatisfied habitat diversity, deficiency in refugia, and disconnectivity. Longitudinal disconnectivity was induced due to shallow water depth, while lateral disconnectivity is primarily caused by fast flow velocity, suggesting different and specific dredging methods were instructed. We recommend that the corresponding eco-friendly dredging schemes for longitudinal and lateral suitable habitat linkages increase fish habitat quality and river corridor continuity. The win-win strategy for enhancing the connection between suitable habitats sustains a more beneficial aquatic corridor and simultaneously achieves alluvial flood disaster risk reduction.

Japanese Government Efforts in Flood Disaster Risk Reduction

Japanese Government Efforts in Flood Disaster Risk Reduction

Enhancing household food security through flood disaster risk reduction in little Ruaha River Basin, Iringa district, Tanzania

ABSTRACT The study presents strategies adopted by households in the Little Ruaha River Basin in Iringa district to reduce flood disaster risk thereby enhancing household food security. A mixed research design was employed. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews, direct field observation and Focus Group Discussions; secondary data were collected through documentary review. The study found that the Little Ruaha river floodplain is very fertile and conducive for crop and livestock rearing. However, the area is frequently affected by flood disasters, thus, making livelihoods at risk. It was also noted that floods in the area affected food production and intensified the households’ food insecurity. It shows that to enhance food security in the household, people moved to safe places during floods, planted trees, dredged the river, practised social cohesion, built flood-resistant houses and used early warning systems. It was also revealed that most flood disaster risk reduction strategies were not effective in enhancing household food security. The study, thus, recommends that the government and other stakehodgders need to organize communities to actively participate in flood disaster risk reduction to reduce their vulnerability to floods and enhance household food security.

Contextualizing Household Adaptation to Flooding in Urbanized Floodplain Areas: Pre-disaster Adaptation, Coping Capacity and Post-Disaster Intervention

As physical flood vulnerability continues to increase in urbanized floodplain areas; understanding and improving household adaptation is an important step towards disaster risk reduction. The study provides an assessment of household adaptation using the resilience model to identify pre-disaster preparedness, household coping capacity, and intervention received during and in post-severe flooding scenarios within communities located in the urbanized floodplain areas of Kosofe. Lagos, Nigeria. Kosofe is the most vulnerable residential area out of the 20 local government areas in Africa’s most populated city, based on flood vulnerability map of the entire city. The study is based on a positivists’ philosophical paradigm, using the deductive approach to gain understanding of resilience model and then tested through a cross-sectional survey involving 324 household heads/representatives in the study area, to contextualize the model in terms of its application in assessing household adaptation. Findings indicate that there is little practice of flood preparedness measures despite high levels of flood risk awareness learnt from previous flood experiences within the area. Similarly, households within the study area rarely use building-based adaptation strategies in coping during severe flooding. Also, government support are very minimal as the most common interventions received by household during and after severe flooding are prayers, savings/thrift contribution, and support from friends and families. The implication of this finding is that by encouraging investments in pre-disaster preparations, deploying adaptive building-based flood disaster risk reduction strategies in new and existing houses, and improving government involvement and support in marginalized urbanized floodplain areas; vulnerable households are better positioned to deal with, cope with and recover from future flood risks.

Correlates of flood preparedness in urban households: Evidence from the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana

The annual floods in cities in Sub-Saharan Africa are exacerbated by the impacts of climate change. For coastal cities double flood burden from storms and sea level rise are phenomenal and in response, data is gradually emerging on the exposure of urban areas and households’ adaptation of which population determinants are mostly omitted. This paper uses a household survey of flood experiences, analyzed with the Tobit model to understand the social and demographic factors that drive households' preparedness for floods in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area in Ghana. Findings show that the age and income of the household head and planned adaptation significantly increased the likelihood of households’ preparedness for floods. While community access to financial assistance reduced the likelihood of household preparedness, membership in social support groups and the availability of community-level social amenities and shelters increased the likelihood of household preparedness by 0.81 units (p<0.05), 1.72 units (p<0.01) and 1.33 units (p<0.01) respectively. Therefore, enhanced education and awareness of flood risks are major factors of flood disaster risk reduction amidst neighborhood networks towards scaling the relevance of anticipatory flood contingency planning in coastal urban planning and management and a recipe for mainstreaming the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

Analysis and mapping of community capacity in flood disaster risk reduction in Banjar district

Analysis and mapping of community capacity in flood disaster risk reduction in Banjar district

Analysis Of Policy Implementation In Tanjungpinang Flood Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster management is an early awareness to reduce the risk of potential disasters, especially floods in the community. This study aims to analyze implementing policies in Tanjungpinang Flood Disaster Risk Reduction. The research object was chosen because Tanjungpinang, on a land geographical location, is smaller than the sea area and can potentially be a disaster threat in an archipelagic area. Analysis of Policy implementation using Edward III Model. The research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach—the data obtained using secondary data with analysis of relevant training techniques. The study results indicate that four factors in the Edward III model have several weaknesses in the Tanjungpinang Flood Disaster Risk Reduction findings. The factors in question are the lack of cooperation in the bureaucratic structure on a large scale. The resources used have not met the standardization with the minimal involvement of resources in improving the quality of both technical and non-technical. Communication still has a good intensity between the stakeholders involved, so the participating actors are still running fast following the flood disaster management program in Tanjungpinang City. Furthermore, lastly, the attitude of the implementer or disposition has their respective ego-sectoral so that the participation between stakeholders in its implementation is less effective. Researchers provide additional recommendations or alternatives that need to strengthen policy implementation with a community empowerment approach so that people gain insight into disaster awareness involved in disaster management programs, primarily floods in Tanjungpinang City, for the future on a sustainable basis.

Flood risk assessment of artificial islands under compound rain-tide-wind effects during tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclones are often accompanied by heavy rainfall, high tides, and strong wind speeds, which can induce serious compound floods resulting in immeasurable losses to coastal areas. Studies on flood risk for ocean engineering by compound impacts of rain, tide, and wind are still limited to date. The west artificial island of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is a vital link between the immersed tunnel and the bridge. The flooding on the artificial island under the compound effects of rain-tide-wind and the flood risk of cars were analyzed in this study. We propose rain-tide-wind joint probabilities for different compound scenarios based on historical observational data of tropical cyclones. The artificial island hydrodynamic model was created to evaluate flood disasters induced by rainfall and wave overtopping. The 24-hour flood process and maximum flood depth distribution of each scenario are presented. The car damage in floods by the compound effects was assessed to derive the probability-car damage curve for risk assessment. The study provides technical support for artificial island flood prevention and disaster risk reduction.

Mitigation and public coordination for Flood Disaster Risk Reduction (FDRR) in the implementation of North Luwu sustainable development

In flood-prone areas, coordination between parties in disaster risk reduction activities is very important. This is because disasters will directly impact the disruption of people’s lives and livelihoods, as well as hinder the process of sustainable development. This study aims to develop a public coordination scheme for flood risk reduction activities based on public resources available in North Luwu Regency. Public resources come from government agencies and the potential of the community available in North Luwu Regency with their respective tasks at the stage before, during, and after the disaster. Public coordination is expected to support the implementation of sustainable development based on disaster risk reduction in North Luwu Regency. The preparation of the public coordination scheme was preceded by a geospatial flood hazard assessment based on the characteristics of the Rongkong Downstream Watershed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). The results of the assessment form the basis for the implementation of the preparation of public coordination for DRR. North Luwu Regency is dominated by coastal land units bordering Bone Bay, plains to mountains. High rainfall, critical land use, and low-lying settlements cause the research area to be in a high to very high risk zone experiencing flooding. Sustainable development can run effectively if its implementation is based on disaster risk reduction policies with public coordination. Public coordination is carried out between government agencies and the community, who work together according to their respective roles and tasks at the pre-, during, and post-disaster stages. The results of the study indicate that more sector involvement is needed in the pre-and post-disaster stages. This indicates that public coordination before a disaster is risk prevention and reduction activity that should be prioritized in the implementation of development before hampering the sustainability of development.

Health Education And Disaster Relief Empowerment Pemuda Reaktif Tanggap Bencana (Pereda Bencana) In Youth SMP Negeri 2 Martapura Timur Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan

In 2021 based on data from the South Kalimantan Regional Disaster Management Agency , there have been floods that hit 11 districts/cities in South Kalimantan , in where floods causecommunity activities to be completely paralyzed. Banjar Regency is the district with the second most flooding with a total of 32 flood disasters in the Regency area. Flood disasters occurred in 15 sub -districts and recorded as many as 275,906 souls and 22,967 houses were affected , while 27 . 440 people evacuated i. Disaster knowledge is needed by the community, especially teenagers, because teenagers play an important role in understanding this context and can reduce the risk and danger of flood disasters. One of the solutions formulated is to conduct counseling on disaster mitigation which is packaged in the Reactive Youth and Disaster Response (PEREDA DISASTER) program for students at SMPN 2 Martapura Timur, BanjarRegency . To increase knowledge and information for students of SMPN 2 Martapura Timur regarding flood disasters and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). This research is a descriptive research . The method used by the community service team is through health education in the form of counseling with the aim of increasing adolescent understanding and preparedness for flood disasters with communicative activities . The implementation of this community service is carried out through several stages . namely site surveys and situation analysis, licensing, equalization of perceptions, preparation of materials and instruments, finalization of targets, coordination of activities, implementation of counseling and demonstrations, evaluation of knowledge improvement and reporting. Based on the analysis, some students experienced an increase in the post-test, to be precise as many as 37 students experienced an increase, 23 students did not experience a decrease or increase, and 5 students experienced a decrease. Health education and the formation of disaster-responsive reactive youth (PEREDA DISASTER) can increase students' knowledge as seen from the results of research which states that respondents already know about floods, their causes, impacts, diseases that often occur and steps that must be taken during and after floods.

Using CHIRPS Satellite-Based Data for Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall in Dashti Hawler District – Kurdistan Region of Iraq 1982 – 2019

Abstract Rainfall is one of the most essential climatic indicators of climate change, The changes in rainfall in space and time would impact runoff, soil moisture, and groundwater reserves. The study of the climate change effects on water resource planning and management necessitates the analysis of precipitation changes (Khayyat, et. al, p. 35, 2019; M. Nawaz, et. al., 2020, p.2). The availability of long-term and temporally consistent rainfall time series is one of the most important criteria for undertaking a detailed study of regional and temporal variation and trends in rainfall in any location. Agriculture activities, flood disaster risk management and reduction, drought, water harvesting, water supply to communities, and other human activities related to the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall in any region benefit from the analysis of long-term climate time-series data at a high temporal and spatial resolution. Water resource management, agricultural productivity, and climate change mitigation benefit from understanding the spatial distribution of rainfall and its temporal trends (Morales-Acuña, et al., 2021, p. 1). Rainfall data and measurements from traditional ground weather stations have traditionally been the major sources of such climate data; however, due to limited or nonexistent station networks in many regions of the world, historical records from station observations are insufficient. As a result, satellite-based rainfall data are increasingly being utilized to supplement or replace station observations.

Community Resilience to Muddy Flood Disasters in the Dijle Catchment Region, Belgium: Study Cases of Bertem and Beauvechain Municipalities

In a context prone to flood-related disasters, com munities living in vulnerable areas within important catchments like the Dijle in central Belgium have been developing strategies to mitigate, prepare for, respond to and recover from the consequences of these extreme events. The present study analyses the structure of the local governance model and community resilience systems concerning muddy floods in the municipalities of Beauvechain (Wallonia) and Bertem (Flanders). Data was collected through semi-structured and open-ended interviews with governmental and non-governmental stakeholders. The analysis reveals that both communities have developed resources, actions, competencies and infrastructure to prevent and act when muddy flood disasters occur. In this context, municipalities are at the centre of the flood-disaster risk reduction man agement strategy; however, stronger collaborations with local communities and other stakeholders could be developed to build resilience against future events of high magnitude. This paper recommends harmonising existing policies to foster participation, community empowerment and knowledge exchange to provide an enabling environment and conditions to collectively build resilience against upcoming climate change-induced disasters like muddy floods.

Lesson Learned from Japan for Flood Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia

Indonesia and Japan have experienced hydrometeorological disasters, primarily floods disasters every year. The two countries must experience few losses due to improper disaster management. However, along with the times, Japan, an expert in technology development, can reduce flood risk. Japan has established itself as a country that is an example for countries in disaster risk reduction. The Japanese government promotes a concept, namely "Build Back Better" to build a post-disaster area to restore the area to its original state and take opportunities to develop better than before. Meanwhile, Indonesia, a developing country incidentally, is still trying to reduce the risk of flood disasters that cause considerable losses to the nation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the lessons learned from Japan for flood risk reduction in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with professors and researchers from Japan and reviewing disaster risk reduction documents. The results of this study indicate that there are several keys to success that Japan has in reducing flood risk, such as a) a mindset to be able to make disasters a challenge for the better; b) policies and disaster management systems structure from the center to the regions; c) encourage the development of SETI (Science, Engineering, Technology, and Innovation) for disaster risk reduction to many sectors; and d) Japan's ambition in implementing Society 5.0 which is relevant to Disaster Risk Management (DRM).

Capacity building: lessons learned Kampung Sewu Surakarta

Persistent flood disasters in Surakarta City almost every year pose diverse challenges to the region’s sustainable development. However, existing institutional policies on flood control had succeeded to adequately complement known structural measures with the relevant non-structural standards of flood risk management. In this paper, we present an assessing institutional capacities Sibat for flood disaster risk reduction. This review article provides a deep understanding of flood vulnerability capacity building as an often neglected non-structural measure in flood-prone regions of developing countries. An extensive systematic review was conducted on flood vulnerability capacity building related to peer-reviewed journal articles and documents domiciled in the Web of Science, Scopus, and field survey. The study reveals the underlying potentials and procedure of flood vulnerability capacity building as a robust non-structural strategy that is reliable and should precede structural measures in managing flood risks and flood hazards in the Bengawan solo Riverbank.

Local Communities’ Participation in Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Along the Little Ruaha River Basin, Tanzania: Options and Challenges

Local Communities’ Participation in Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Along the Little Ruaha River Basin, Tanzania: Options and Challenges

Implementation of Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Program In District of Lebak

Masalah : Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Lebak sudah melaksanakan implementasi Program Pengurangan Risiko Bencana sesuai yang diamanatkan selaku lembaga yang berwenang dalam pengelolaan bencana di tingkat daerah kabupaten, namun terdapat pemenuhan sumber daya manusia belum mencukupi, sosialisasi kegiatan yang belum dilakukan secara merata serta belum adanya jadwal kegiatan yang jelas dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengurangan Rusiko Bencana.&#x0D; Tujuan : Mengetahui bagaimana Implementasi Program Pengurangan Risiko (PRB) Banjir pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah Kabupaten Lebak.&#x0D; Metodologi : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi yang berkaitan dengan Progaram Pengurangan Risiko Bencana. Data yang diperoleh kemudian di analisis secara kualitatif dengan meninjau semua data yang didukung oleh hasil wawancara dengan pendekatan teori yang dikemukanan oleh Charles O. Jones.&#x0D; Temuan/Hasil penelitian : Implementasi Pengurngan Risiko Bencana (PRB) Banjir pada Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah kabupaten Lebak secara garis besar dinilai dari tiga indikator belum terpenuhi dengan baik.&#x0D; Jenis penelitian: Peneltian Lapangan

Ranking and characterization of precipitation extremes for the past 113 years for Indian western Himalayas

AbstractGlobally, mountain systems are unevenly exposed to risks of extreme precipitation. Within the Himalayan region, precipitation extremes are a rising concern, but their current understanding is limited. In this study, we use 113 years of precipitation data to rank and characterize precipitation extremes in the Indian Western Himalayas (IWH). Our statistical ranking method integrates precipitation spatial extent and its intensity across different durations for determining the severity of extreme events. The proposed ranking method accounts for multi‐day duration ranking method to capture persistent precipitation episodes. Results show that the method accurately detects and ranks the most extreme precipitation events that occurred in the IWH and indicate locations of these events. Our results highlight that critical long duration events in the region (e.g., 10 days) are missed at ranks at shorter duration (e.g., 2–3 days), thereby highlighting the importance to multi‐day precipitation extremes ranking. In addition, the proposed ranking method provides information about the event duration that will be associated with the highest impact on society, carrying high significance. Our findings are valuable for flood risk management and disaster risk reduction.

Implications of the drivers on the selection of flood coping strategies in Jigawa State, Nigeria?

Despite efforts by the Nigerian government to improve on flood infrastructure, the yearly incidences of floods have remained unabated and put households under threats. This study examined the factors that determine households' (flood victims) choice of flood coping strategies in the Jigawa State, Nigeria. Although some of the strategies can also be considered as flood mitigation strategies, the emphasis is on coping strategies. The study used survey data from 251 randomly selected households (flood victims of 2016) and the data was analysed using multivariate probit and random forest models. The results show that factors such as sex, age, education, occupation, income, housing status, flood education and location in specific local government areas are significant in determining households' choice of flood coping strategies. Among the flood coping strategies analysed, access to credit from banks, seeking government's support and access to early warning information systems are crucial. The findings led to the conclusion that policies and programmes designed to manage and reduce flood risks must take into account the input of all relevant stakeholders, particularly the different age and income groups. The study also recommends the need for institutions in charge of flood disaster risk reduction and management to focus more on investing in non-structural measures of flood control to improve households resilience to floods.

Flood Hazard Assessment with High Spatial Resolution Under Climate Change Scenario

One of the important components in flood disaster risk reduction is the availability of spatial information on flood risk that include: (1) flood hazard component such as flood discharge ( q), flood depth (h), flood extent (A ), and flood duration (t), and (2) the loss value due to flood which could be quantified in the form of damage costs (θ). Change in the value of risk f (h, A, t, θ) was hypothesized to be sensitive to climate change and other environmental factors that exist at a river basin area. Therefore, it is quite important to control the flood disaster risk as a part of adaptation programs to the climate change impacts and to deal with the increasing pressure due to anthropogenic activities. Additionally, to support the action plan and to increase the understanding and awareness related to the flood disaster mitigation, spatial information on flood risk which having high resolution and precision is required. This study aimed to quantify the spatial information of flood hazard with high spatial resolution. Two Dimensional (2-D) flood-modelling system (e.g., rainfall-runoff-inundation) at the river basin scale has been used as the main method in quantifying the flood hazard dimension. Furthermore, this study was focused in the Batanghari River basin, Sumatra and 13 river catchments flow out through the Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia. Obtained hazard information forms the basis for long term management decisions on improving operational flood risk management, especially in order to cope with impacts of the future climate change.

Knowledge and participation of geography teachers toward flood disaster risk reduction in sampang indonesia

Floods occur in Sampang Indonesia every year, due to overflowing Kemuning rivers and rising sea levels during spring tide. The morphological conditions which are hills in the middle and syncline valleys in the south with trellis flow patterns with weak and resistant bedrock exacerbate Sampang conditions. This condition increases the threat of urban flooding and rob flooding. One of strategic effort is to know the characteristics and reduce the threat of flooding through Geography subjects in school. Geography teachers as responsible people, act as facilitators and informers who provide knowledge and shape students psychology about flood disasters. Knowledge and participation of geography teachers are very important in flood disaster risk reduction because the teachers are a source of knowledge that is trusted by students. This is a survey research with univariate and multivariate analysis using a quantitative descriptive approach (single frequency and crosstab). The researcher also used inferential analysis in the form of chi-squared to see the relationship of the variables of knowledge and teachers participation in Sampang District. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between teachers knowledge and participation in flood disaster risk reduction presented in the learning process. The analysis results show the probability value or Asymp Sig 0.034. so that the knowledge of the geography teachers is very influential.