Floating Inductance Research Articles

CC-CBTA-Based Floating Inductance Simulator with CM/VM PID Controllers

This work describes voltage-mode (VM), current-mode (CM) PID controllers and an electrically controllable floating inductance (FI) simulator circuit. Only a single current-controlled current backward transconductance amplifier (CC-CBTA) and a grounded capacitor are used in the proposed FI simulator circuit. One CBTA, one CC-CBTA, two capacitors and one resistor are used in the proposed PID controllers. All of the proposed circuits have appropriate input and output impedance values, allowing them to be utilized in cascade connections without requiring a buffer circuit. There is also no matching constraint between the active and passive values of the proposed circuit. The SPICE software environment and experimental results were used to validate theoretical derivations and associated outcomes. The layout of the CC-CBTA has been built, and the post-layout simulations are carried out using the netlist extracted from the layout. Comparisons were made with similar circuits found in the professional literature.

A New Active Device Namely S-CCI and Its Applications: Simulated Floating Inductor and Quadrature Oscillators

A new active building block namely, subtractor connected first-generation current conveyor (S-CCI) is introduced in this paper. A simulated floating inductor (SFI) and two new quadrature oscillators (QOs) employing only one S-CCI are introduced as application examples. The introduced SFI employs two resistors with a single matching requirement and a grounded capacitor. Each of the introduced QOs has one grounded resistor, one floating resistor, and two grounded capacitors without any matching problems. Non-ideality analyses are performed. Furthermore, a third-order filter application is given. A layout of the S-CCI in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> technology occupying the area of about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$71\,\,\mu \text{m}\,\,\times 44\,\,\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is given. Also, numerous post layout simulations based on the SPICE program are accomplished. Moreover, several experiments are realized to confirm the theory.

A modified VDVTA and its applications to floating simulators and a quadrature oscillator

In this paper, a modified voltage differencing voltage transconductance amplifier (MVDVTA) is proposed. A single MVDVTA based three circuits with a minimum number of only grounded passive components which are suitable for integrated circuit (IC) design are also proposed. The first circuit can realize lossless positive and negative floating inductor (FI), floating capacitor (FC) and floating resistor (FR) depending on the passive component selection. The second one is a floating frequency-dependent negative resistor (FFDNR) simulator. The third one is a quadrature oscillator (QO) with oscillation condition. The floating simulators are independent of passive component matching and/or cancellation conditions. Simulation results obtained from SPICE program and an experimental test result are given to verify the theory. In all the simulations, IBM CMOS 0.13µm process parameters are used.

Synthetic Floating Inductors realized with only two Current Feedback Op-amps

Two floating inductance (FI) circuits are presented which employ a canonical number of passive components (namely, only two resistors and a capacitor) as well as canonical number of active elements (only two CFOAs) and realize single-resistance-tunable inductance value, without requiring any component-matching or cancellation constraints. The workability of the proposed circuits and their applications has been confirmed by hardware implementation and SPICE simulations based on AD844-type CFOAs.

New Electronically-Controllable Lossless Synthetic Floating Inductance Circuit Using Single VDCC

A new electronically-controllable lossless floating inductance (FI) circuit (without any matching condition) has been presented, which employs only one Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor (VDCC), one grounded capacitor and one grounded resistor. The main aim of the paper is to present a new floating inductance simulator using single active device with minimum passive components. The proposed floating inductance simulator can be electronically controllable by changing the bias current. The workability of the new presented FI circuit has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

LC Active Low Pass Ladder Filter by Lossless Floating Inductor Gyrator

A traditional approach of simulating floating inductance in active gyrator of OTA of equal transconductance is successively used in obtaining LC ladder consisting of four stages .The calculations done on floating inductance evaluate the respective cut off frequencies as expected from the calculation of resonant frequency. The equal transconductance of gyrators is more advantageous in the low pass filter design. A unified approach of gyrator LC filter with floating inductor is successively used for studying the response. This has the property of reducing noises at high frequency signal processing applications. The response of four stage ladder using discrete components is presented. From the comparison it is possible to bring out the salient features of ungrounded inductance simulations using two gyrators at a time. In the circuit arrangement the simulation of two grounded inductance of equal transconductance are used to obtain a single floating inductor.

Grounded and Floating Inductance Simulation Circuits Using VDTAs

New electronically-controllable lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed grounded inductance (GI) circuit employs a single VDTA and one grounded capacitor whereas the floating inductance (FI) circuit employs two VDTAs and one grounded capacitor. The workability of the new circuits has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

ELECTRONICALLY-CONTROLLABLE FLOATING INDUCTOR USING OPERATIONAL MIRRORED AMPLIFIER

The operational mirrored amplifiers (OMA) were introduced as useful building blocks for facilitating an easy realization of floating impedances (in conjunction with RC elements) as compared to other approaches of floating impedance simulation. In this paper, we present a new formulation, for realizing a floating inductance (FI) using an OMA which takes into account the dominant pole of the op-amp employed in the OMA and hence, does not require any external capacitor. Moreover, when the only external resistor employed is replaced by an electronically-controlled resistance, the resulting circuit permits an electronically controllable floating inductance. The workability of the proposed FI has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations.

A TUNABLE CIRCUIT FOR REALIZING ARBITRARY FLOATING IMPEDANCES

In this paper, an active-C circuit for realizing lossless floating inductor (FI) or series/parallel R–L impedances depending on the externally applied bias currents, is presented. The proposed simulator circuit employs only three plus-type second-generation current controlled conveyors (CCCII+s) as active elements and a single capacitor as passive element. SPICE simulation and experimental results are given to verify the theory.

On the implementation of the floating simulators employing a single active device

In this paper, two circuits for realizing floating inductor (FI), floating capacitor (FC) and floating frequency-dependent negative resistor (FDNR) simulators depending on the passive component selection are introduced. Both of the developed circuits employ a single active device called modified current feedback operational amplifier (MCFOA) and a minimum number of passive elements. The FIs and FCs use a grounded capacitor thus the developed circuits are very suitable for fully integrated circuit (IC) design. Also, the proposed circuits require no critical passive component matching conditions and/or cancellation constraints. The simulation results using SPICE program are also given to verify the theory to exhibit the performance of the first circuit.

Canonic Synthetic Floating-Inductance Circuits Employing Only a Single Component-Matching Condition

Previously known op-amp-RC floating inductance (FI) simulators have one or more of the following drawbacks: requirement of critical component-matching conditions for the desired realization (usually several resistors are required, either to have identical values or to satisfy certain conditions and/or use of more than one capacitor and/or use of a large number of resistors. In this contribution, some FI configurations have been described employing op-amp and DVCCS as active elements, which require only a single (practically adjustable) component-matching condition for the desired realization, employ only a single capacitor and use only two or three resistors.