Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach Research Articles

Flipped Classrooms: Addressing Students Participation and Preparedness

The flipped classroom concept has gained attention in recent years as a modern pedagogical approach that offers an alternative to traditional teaching methods. While the flipped classroom model represents a significant shift in teaching strategies, its effectiveness in promoting active student participation and engagement cannot be guaranteed. The widespread use of mobile phones and computers has had a negative impact on digital learners, leading to a decline in the review of pre-class materials among higher education students. This paper critically examines the potential of the flipped classroom as an active learning strategy and raises questions about its effectiveness in meeting students' diverse needs. Results indicate that the flipped classroom teaching approach enhances student engagement and academic achievement. However, the effectiveness of this method hinges on digital learners adapting their study habits. A significant number of students fail to review course materials outside of class due to their reliance on digital tools, resulting in reduced pre-class preparation and fewer active participants in classroom discussions.

Development of Academic Achievement in Systemic Anatomy Course Through Flipped Classroom Teaching

Background and Aims: With the rapid development of modern information technology, the popularization of computers and networks not only changes the way of entertainment but also has a profound impact on the reform of teaching. With the diversification of knowledge acquisition methods, traditional teaching ideas and teaching methods have to face reform. The traditional infusing teaching method does not give play to the students' subjectivity, but also seriously blows the students' enthusiasm for learning. The flipped classroom teaching approach, on the contrary, pays more attention to the principal position of students, transforms the one-way transfer of knowledge in traditional teaching into a two-way interaction between teachers and students, to help students better understand and master knowledge, promotes the internalization of knowledge, and enhance students' learning initiative. The purposes of this study were; 1) To develop learning activities for the flipped classroom teaching approach in the Systemic anatomy course and 2) To compare academic achievement scores between pre-test and post-test using the flipped classroom teaching approach. And 3) To study the students’ satisfaction with the flipped classroom teaching approach in the Systemic anatomy course. Methodology: The sample consisted of 40 first-year students of Luzhou Vocational College of Medical Devices. In the first semester of 2023. Obtained by cluster random sampling technique. Research tools are used in lesson plans, academic achievement tests, and satisfaction questionnaires. In data analysis including percentages, means, standard deviations, and paired t-tests. Results: The results of the study were as follows; 1) The development of learning activities for the flipped classroom teaching approach in the Systemic anatomy course has an average suitability value for all plans equal to 4.31, which is at a high level. 2) Students who studied using flipped classroom teaching approach learning activities had higher academic achievement scores post-test than pre-test at a statistical significance of.05 and 3) Students who learned using the gamification teaching model had overall satisfaction at a high level. Conclusion: The Systemic Anatomy course's flipped classroom teaching strategy greatly increased students' academic progress and garnered high marks from them, according to the study. The post-test results were much higher than the pre-test results, and the learning activities that were devised were highly appropriate.

The Effect of Flipped Classroom Teaching on EFL Learners' Language Achievement and Anxiety During Hybrid Covid-19 period

During the global COVID19 pandemic, education has moved from the classroom to an online or hybrid format. No matter how much the new system's education and training models are based on online models, the pandemic affects students' learning. In order to construct a novel assessment design for an urgent online or hybrid courses, researchers must examine students' language use and attitudes throughout the epidemic period. Due to the negative feelings and emotions such as anxiety that many learners experience in the classroom, the current study aims to the effect of flipped classroom teaching approach on EFL learners’ language achievement and language anxiety. Sixty EFL intermediate university students took part as participants. The anxiety questionnaire FLCAS adopted from Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986), a pre-test and a post-test were administered to the students during a semester consisted of 14 weeks to study the effect of flipped classroom on participants’ language anxiety and achievement. The obtained information was statistically analyzed and the statistical results showed a significant and positive effect of flipped learning on students' motivation and anxiety on hybrid pandemic period.

Effect of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach on Improving Students’ Performance and Decreasing the Academic Equity Gaps in Gateway Chemistry Course

Effect of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach on Improving Students’ Performance and Decreasing the Academic Equity Gaps in Gateway Chemistry Course

The Impact of Flipped Classroom Instructional Model in Teaching English as a Second Language (ESL) Among Lower Secondary Pupils

English is a global language that most people use all around the world. English is the second language vastly used as a communication tool in daily life in Malaysia. It is also a compulsory subject to learn at schools from primary school to secondary school. However, many second language learners may have higher possibilities of facing various challenges in learning English as a Second Language (ESL) in Malaysia. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the flipped classroom and traditional classroom teaching approaches in secondary school pupils’ overall English language performance in these particulars: Grammar, Reading, and Writing, as well as to evaluate the perceptions of flipped learning experience among lower secondary pupils in learning ESL. The study was conducted quantitatively with a quasi-experimental method set in pre and post-tests design and consisted of 50 pupils separated equally into control and experimental groups. Seven weeks of lessons were conducted for both control and experimental groups. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to adjust the pre-test scores of experimental group and study whether there are any significant differences on the effectiveness by implementing flipped classroom approach in experimental group despite the covariate (pre-test score) exists.After the post-test was conducted in the experimental group, the pupils were given a set of questionnaires containing 14 items to respond to and gauge their perceptions of flipped classroom learning experience based on motivation, effectiveness, engagement, and satisfaction. Findings reveal that the pupils in the experimental group achieved higher scores than the control group on their post-test scores in learning Grammar, Reading, and Writing by implementing a flipped classroom teaching approach. Also, the questionnaire's evidence indicated that most of the pupils had favorable perceptions of flipped classroom learning experience in the experimental group. This study indicates that flipped classroom teaching approaches positively enhanced pupils’ academic performance and learning experience.

Application of micro-teaching in life sciences courses based on the "National Universities Micro-teaching Competition of Life Sciences" analysis

With improvements in information technology and expansion in education reforms, more innovative teaching reform programs have also been launched. Information technology has increased interest in the use of the flipped classroom innovative teaching model. In order to explore new ideas for the improvement of teaching, this paper focuses on the flipped classroom teaching approach with the integration of information technology. Micro-teaching is an important innovative flipped classroom teaching approach with a number of advantages as it is short, concise, and interesting, which therefore helps improve students' self-learning ability. Designing and preparing micro-teaching would become a prerequisite skill for college teachers. Based on the analysis of the entries in the "National Universities Micro-teaching Competition of Life Science", this paper explores the application of micro-teaching in life sciences teaching from the perspective of curriculum introduction, mode of presentation, teaching design, and other aspects of teaching. This information could serve as a guide to frontline college teachers to help them understand and master the skills of designing micro-teaching, so as to generate interest and improve learning efficiency among college students.

Learning outcomes of a flipped classroom teaching approach in an adult-health nursing course: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundNew teaching strategies must be developed not only to enhance nurse’s competence but also to allow nurses to respond to the complex health care needs of today’s society. The purpose of this study was to explore the learning outcomes of a flipped classroom teaching approach in an adult-health nursing course for students in a two-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing program.MethodsThe study had a quasi-experimental design. An 18-week flipped classroom teaching approach was applied in an adult-health nursing course. In total, 485 nursing students enrolled in the study, with 287 in the experimental group and 198 in the control group. The Self-Evaluated Core Competencies Scale, Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students, Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale, and self-designed learning satisfaction questionnaire were used to evaluate the students’ learning outcomes.ResultsThe experimental group showed a statistically significant increase in the overall scores for self-evaluated core competencies, the “self-modification” subscale of the Metacognitive Inventory for Nursing Students, and in overall self-directed learning readiness; further, they also showed high levels of course satisfaction.ConclusionsA flipped classroom teaching approach had a positive impact on student’s learning motivation and contributed to better learning outcomes in an adult-health nursing course. The flipped classroom combined with hybrid teaching methods is a suitable and effective learning strategy for a registered nurse (RN) to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program to tackle today’s complex revolution in nursing curricula, and may enhance nursing students’ abilities to address numerous challenges.

Qualitative investigation of the flipped classroom teaching approach as an alternative to the traditional lecture

Objectives: The study’s objective was to determine students’ perception of the traditional lecture and other methods of teaching and learning the students had already experienced, and to determine students’ expectations and attitude towards the flipped classroom teaching method. Methods: Two focus groups were conducted with 11 undergraduate pharmacy students in two pharmacy schools in the United Kingdom. Focus groups discussions were audio-recorded, then transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using the inductive method. Results: Six key themes were identified: 1) teacher characteristics and competence; 2) having the right tools to learn; 3) learning can be emotional; 4) group work: what is in it for me?; 5) scaffold the delivery of teaching; and 6) to prepare or not to prepare. Conclusion: The flipped classroom teaching approach was thought to tackle perceived limitations of the traditional lecture including limited student engagement and the inappropriate pace of instructions. It was also deemed to help students understand the taught subject and prepare for summative assessment.

Learning with technology in physiotherapy education: design, implementation and evaluation of a flipped classroom teaching approach

BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a flipped classroom teaching approach in physiotherapy education. The flipped classroom is a blended learning approach in which students receive digital lectures as homework, while active learning activities are used in the classroom. Flipped classroom teaching enables a learning environment that aims to develop higher-order cognitive skills.MethodsThe study design was a historically controlled, prospective, cohort study. An eight week theoretical course on musculoskeletal disorders was redesigned, moving from a conventional approach to a flipped classroom model. Pre-class learning material consisted of about 12 h of video lectures and other digital learning resources that were split up over the duration of the course. In-class activities consisted of seven full-day seminars where students worked in groups in order to solve problem-based assignments. The assignments were designed to reflect authentic clinical problems and required critical thinking and reasoning. Outcomes were measured with course-grades and compared with historical controls of conventional teaching, using descriptive statistics. Self-perceived learning outcomes and students’ experiences were also collected in a survey.ResultsFifty-one students passed the course exam, two failed and one did not attend (n = 54). The share of students with Excellent, Very good and Good (ABC) performances increased by more than 10% relative to any previous year. In addition, Satisfactory, Sufficient and Failed performances (DEF) decreased by more than 10%. Almost two thirds of the students preferred the flipped classroom approach as compared with conventional teaching. Interaction with peers and educators, and flexibility, were the most positive factors that were reported by students. Long seminars, time-constraints and low motivation with respect to preparation and educators’ roles were the most common complaints.ConclusionsA flipped classroom approach in physiotherapy education resulted in improved student performances in this professional programme, when compared with conventional teaching. Students responded positively to the collaborative learning environment, especially with respect to the associated autonomy and flexibility. There were indicators that all groups did not work optimally and that accountability to other group members did not always ensure pre-classroom preparations.

Implementation of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning: an approach to promote learning about hyperthyroidism in the endocrinology internship

BackgroundWith the development of medicine, new teaching methods, such as flipped classroom and problem-based learning (PBL), have received much attention in medical education. However, the implementation of flipped classroom combined with PBL in endocrinology education has not been well investigated. Considering that both two teaching methods may complement each other, therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate students’ learning effectiveness acceptability of the pedagogy between traditional lecture-based teaching methods and the combination of flipped classrooms with PBL teaching methods in the endocrinology internship.Methods74 fourth-year medical students at the Bengbu Medical College were enrolled in the endocrinology internship. Hyperthyroidism was chosen for the content of this study. The participants were randomly allocated into either the combination group of flipped classroom with PBL (CG) or the traditional lecture-based classroom group (TG). Both a pre-quiz and a post-quiz were conducted before and after the classes, respectively. All questions in the quizzes were classified into two aspects, basic theoretical knowledge and clinical case analyses based on the Bloom’s Taxonomy. The scores were compared and students were required to complete the questionnaire to evaluate their perceptions and experience.ResultsThe mean post-quiz scores of both the TG and the CG were higher than those of the pre-quiz. Additionally, the post-quiz showed that students in the CG had significantly higher scores in the TG. Further analysis found that after class, only the difference in clinical case analysis between CG and TG was significant. The scores of all items in the questionnaires were higher in the CG than in the TG. More students agreed that the combined teaching method could help to improve their performance, at the same time, it could increase their workload.ConclusionsThe combination of the flipped classroom and PBL teaching approach could be a better option over the traditional lecture-based classroom in the teaching of hyperthyroidism during endocrinology internship, although it can increase students’ workload. To be widely accepted and implemented, further optimizations are required.

Improving the accessibility of foundation statistics for undergraduate business and management students using a flipped classroom

ABSTRACT A quantitative study was undertaken to investigate the accessibility of an undergraduate foundation statistics module for business and management students over four consecutive years, before and after the adoption of a flipped classroom teaching approach for a large cohort (∼ 500 students per year). Students’ module feedback questionnaires, exam scores, basic student demographics and online engagement and attendance data were analysed. Those taught using the flipped classroom approach found the module significantly more interesting and the proportion of students who perceived the module to be difficult was roughly half that under the traditional teaching approach. However, there was no evidence of a difference in exam performance, class attendance or online engagement under the two teaching approaches. Perceptions of the flipped classroom differed according to gender, nationality and reported prior maths training, but the flipped classroom appears to enhance the student experience by making a traditionally difficult subject feel more accessible.

Research: Emergency medicine residents’ acquisition of point-of-care ultrasound knowledge and their satisfaction with the flipped classroom andragogy

Background: One of the traditional approaches for knowledge transfer in medical education is through face-to-face (F2F) teaching. We aimed to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge about point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) and learner’s satisfaction with the flipped classroom (FC) teaching approach. Methods: This was a prospective, mixed-method, crossover study and included 29 emergency medicine (EM) residents in current training program. Over a period of three months, each resident was exposed to F2F and FC teaching models in a crossover manner. There was a multiple-choice questions (MCQ) test before and after each educational intervention (F2F & FC). Two months after each educational intervention a final MCQ test was administered to assess the retention of knowledge between the two approaches. After each educational approach feedback was sought from a selected group of residents concerning the acceptability of the two educational approaches through a semi structured interview. Results: A total of 29 EM residents participated in this study. The numbers of residents by year of post-graduation training were seven (24.14%) PGY-1, eight (27.59%) PGY-2, six (20.69%) PGY-3, and eight (27.59%) PGY-4. The baseline mean score was 15.82 using MCQs test mean scores. For the face-to-face teaching model, the difference between pre and post-intervention scores was 2.7 (95% CI 2.1 to 3.3, p=0.001); whereas, for the flipped classroom teaching model, the difference was 3.93 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.5, p= 0.001). At two months post-intervention, for face-to-face teaching model, the MCQ assessment showed an increase of 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.2, p= 0.001) mean scores when compared to the pre-intervention mean scores; whereas, for the flipped classroom model this difference was significantly higher, recorded as 4.48 (95% CI 3.7 to 5.1, p= 0.001). Finally, the difference between mean scores for F2F and FC teaching models was 2.75 (95% CI 1.87 to 3.64, p=0.001) at two months post-intervention. Overall, the participants expressed a preference for the FC teaching methodology. Conclusion: Both F2F and FC teaching methods resulted in significant and sustained improvements in POCUS knowledge base. The FC teaching method accomplished higher test scores than the F2F teaching method both at the end of the teaching and after two months of completing the educational program.

Results of a Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach in Anesthesiology Residents.

In a flipped classroom approach, learners view educational content prior to class and engage in active learning during didactic sessions. We hypothesized that a flipped classroom improves knowledge acquisition and retention for residents compared to traditional lecture, and that residents prefer this approach. We completed 2 iterations of a study in 2014 and 2015. Institutions were assigned to either flipped classroom or traditional lecture for 4 weekly sessions. The flipped classroom consisted of reviewing a 15-minute video, followed by 45-minute in-class interactive sessions with audience response questions, think-pair-share questions, and case discussions. The traditional lecture approach consisted of a 55-minute lecture given by faculty with 5 minutes for questions. Residents completed 3 knowledge tests (pretest, posttest, and 4-month retention) and surveys of their perceptions of the didactic sessions. A linear mixed model was used to compare the effect of both formats on knowledge acquisition and retention. Of 182 eligible postgraduate year 2 anesthesiology residents, 155 (85%) participated in the entire intervention, and 142 (78%) completed all tests. The flipped classroom approach improved knowledge retention after 4 months (adjusted mean = 6%; P = .014; d = 0.56), and residents preferred the flipped classroom (pre = 46%; post = 82%; P < .001). The flipped classroom approach to didactic education resulted in a small improvement in knowledge retention and was preferred by anesthesiology residents.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education.

There are inconsistent claims made about the effectiveness of the flipped classroom (FC) in medical education; however, the quality of the empirical evidence used to back up these claims is not evident. The aims of this review are to examine the scope and quality of studies on the FC teaching approach in medical education and to assess the effects of FCs on medical learning. A literature search was conducted using the major electronic databases in 2016. Peer-reviewed papers were screened and reviewed according to explicit inclusion criteria. The scope and quality of all resultant studies were evaluated. Studies identified as using controlled designs were further synthesised to assess the effects of FCs on learning. A total of 118 articles were obtained. Full texts of 82 articles were reviewed. Nine of the included 46 articles used a controlled design when examining the effects of the FC. There were generally positive perceptions of the FC approach. However, the effects of FCs on changes in knowledge and skills were less conclusive as the effect sizes ranged from d=-0.27 to 1.21, with a median of 0.08. The varying direction and magnitude of the effect sizes, together with their 95% confidence interval, which contained zero, suggested the lack of strong evidence for the effectiveness of FCs in promoting knowledge acquisition above and beyond the traditional learning methods. There has been a recent increase of research rigor and variety in measures of effectiveness in studies on the FC in medical education. The FC is a promising teaching approach to increase learners' motivation and engagement. More solid evidence on its effect on changes in knowledge and skills are warranted. Further studies should also examine the long-term effects of FCs with regard to knowledge retention and transfer of knowledge to professional practice and patient care.

Use of Flipped Classroom Teaching Approach on Student Performance in Physiology

Flipped Class‐room (FC) is a pedagogical model in which the lecture and homework are reversed. Stu‐dents are expected to have completed assigned readings and/or lecture videos prior to the in‐class activities. There is a limited amount of research available on the effectiveness of FC on student performance. In this study, FC method of teaching was compared with that of traditional (unflipped; UF) lectures on student performance in their major exams. FC required students to complete the pre‐class material that included an assigned reading, lecture video along with the PowerPoint slides that were used in the video. In‐class activities were designed to engage students answer questions pertaining to the lecture utilizing team‐based learning (TBL) format. After the TBL session, each student completed an individual assessment related to the same lecture content. In the UF format, students were given PowerPoint slides as well as reading assignments prior to class and the class time was dedicated to podium‐style lecture. Pop quizzes were given to maximize student attendance. These live lectures were captured in real‐time and were made available for students to use as needed. Comparison of the student performance between FC and UF mode of teaching suggested that the FC method improved student performance by 17.5%. In addition, the students in both the upper and lower half of the class performed significantly better with the FC. Notably, the lower 50% of the class showed greater difference than the above 50% group from UF to FC. Moreover, in a student survey, sixty‐five percent of students agreed that FC changed the way they normally studied and 69% of the students agreed that they were more prepared for class than in the UF mode. These findings suggest that the FC mode is more effective than UF especially among the lower half of the class. FC has the potential to increase educational effectiveness.

Students' perceptions of the use of a flipped classroom teaching approach: application to environmental scanning and economic intelligence course in the Tunisian university system

Progress in the field of ICT and the facilities offered by the digital wave have favoured the renewal of some innovative methods like the flipped classroom FC. This method which is based on instructional media devotes class time to active learning. As a learner-centred method, it requires that the teacher move from the role of a knowledge transmitter to that of a mentor and guide focused on continuous assessment of the learning process. Despite its purported benefits, FC may be perceived positively or negatively by learners who are familiar with lecture courses. This study aims to determine the factors that could positively or negatively impact the students' perceptions of this FC pedagogy. A quantitative exploratory study involving 80 master's degree students attending a semester-long course on economic intelligence and environmental scanning IE and ES showed the impact of the dimensions related to time, pacing, and video and social media that were not statistically significant. However, our study showed that the dimension of knowledge transferability and deeper learning has a positive impact on the student's perceptions of FC. This result suggests the adoption of the FC pedagogy in IE and ES courses.

Student Perceptions of the Flipped Classroom in College Algebra

The flipped classroom approach was implemented across three semesters of a College Algebra course. This paper is part of a larger design and development research study and focuses on student perceptions of the flipped classroom teaching approach. Qualitative methodology was used to describe how students perceived the instruction of their College Algebra course. Findings indicated that students felt that the teaching approach enabled them to ask more questions in class, the course components worked together to foster increased student learning, and the course design facilitated self-paced instruction.