Flight Navigation System Research Articles

Simulation Model Design of VHF Omni-Directional Range (VOR) Based on Microcontroller

The process of giving directional information to assist airplanes in making an accurate landing at the airport of destination is known as aviation navigation. The VHF Omnidirectional Range is a crucial navigation tool for guiding planes to the airport (VOR). Since it costs a lot of money to learn how to fly an airplane, a VOR simulator was developed that can mimic the movement of an aircraft passing through the VOR. The simulation that was produced is a prototype that sends and receives signals to the aircraft utilizing an antenna and microcontroller as supporting hardware. The VOR/DME flight navigation system is constructed in this study using mathematical modeling; a formulation representing the essential features of the system is expressed as a set of connected variables. The ESP32 module that powers the system serves as a DME by sending out Bluetooth radio signals. where one ESP32 module serves as a DME object (moving DME) and three ESP32 modules serve as DME stations (ground DME). Information on the distance between the DME station and the DME object will be communicated using the MQTT protocol, and this data will be processed using the trilateration method to predict the location and movement of the DME object. The measurement accuracy at DME station 1, DME station 2, and DME station 3 are 99.52%, 99.92%, and 99.98% respectively. The enhanced capabilities to estimate the position of objects observed from different directions or omni-directionally on a two-dimensional scale are made possible by the performance results of combining the performance of three ESP32 devices as Distance Measurement Equipment (DME).

Навигационно-пилотажная система транспортных беспилотных летательных аппаратов для лесохозяйственной практики

Nowadays there is a need to increase air transportation of light-weighted cargo in timber industry and forestry practice, in the work of industrial enterprises, forest protection services, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc. The use of helicopters cannot ensure efficiency and is not always advisable in cases of transportation of light-weighted, but extremely necessary cargo over short distances, for example, for fire extinguishing in offroad conditions. The article provides evidence of the production and economic feasibility of creating transport unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with flight navigation systems (FNS), which should ensure automatic flight and delivery of goods to the area of the forestry zone. The article provides a sketch of the flight map and the parameters of the UAV heading, as well as the block diagram of the FNS. The interaction of input devices for solving navigation problems is considered. The article notes that the FNS creation for automatic navigation of UAVs should be solved on the basis of the laws of applied mathematics and the ability to implement them in the development of algorithms and software and mathematical support as part of the FNS on-board computer. FNSs on the basis of the proposed structural scheme can also find application in order to control the environmental situation, to provide assistance in solving forestry problems related to monitoring and control over the conservation of wildlife, forest reserves and other natural resources of the country. The use of UAVs will ensure the safety of residents in the event of environmental and anthropogenic disasters. This will increase the efficiency of cargo delivery to remote areas of Russia for industrial purposes and to support the work of the Ministry of Defense to protect the northern borders, the protection of natural resources of the Arctic Ocean, etc. We consider it expedient and possible to recommend the creation of UAVs as transport vehicles, having regard to the current level of technological development, despite the existing significant challenges of technical and financial support during the introduction and operation of such vehicles. The domestic industry has the technical capabilities to develop UAVs. The feasibility of their creation should be determined by the interested organizations.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИНЦИПА РЕПРОДУКЦИИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ПРИ ОБРАБОТКЕ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В ПИЛОТАЖНО-НАВИГАЦИОННЫХ КОМПЛЕКСАХ

The use of the measurements reproduction principle in the flight navigation systems for information interconnecting by methods of federated filtering is considered. This principle makes it possible to use measurements coming from external sources of navigation data when using the same inertial navigation system as independent information from two inertial navigation systems, which greatly simplifies the processing of information with the use of federated filtering methods with minimal loss in accuracy.

An Acoustic Source Localization Method Using a Drone-Mounted Phased Microphone Array

Currently, the detection of targets using drone-mounted imaging equipment is a very useful technique and is being utilized in many areas. In this study, we focus on acoustic signal detection with a drone detecting targets where sounds occur, unlike image-based detection. We implement a system in which a drone detects acoustic sources above the ground by applying a phase difference microphone array technique. Localization methods of acoustic sources are based on beamforming methods. The background and self-induced noise that is generated when a drone flies reduces the signal-to-noise ratio for detecting acoustic signals of interest, making it difficult to analyze signal characteristics. Furthermore, the strongly correlated noise, generated when a propeller rotates, acts as a factor that degrades the noise source direction of arrival estimation performance of the beamforming method. Spectral reduction methods have been effective in reducing noise by adjusting to specific frequencies in acoustically very harsh situations where drones are always exposed to their own noise. Since the direction of arrival of acoustic sources estimated from the beamforming method is based on the drone’s body frame coordinate system, we implement a method to estimate acoustic sources above the ground by fusing flight information output from the drone’s flight navigation system. The proposed method for estimating acoustic sources above the ground is experimentally validated by a drone equipped with a 32-channel time-synchronized MEMS microphone array. Additionally, the verification of the sound source location detection method was limited to the explosion sound generated from the fireworks. We confirm that the acoustic source location can be detected with an error performance of approximately 10 degrees of azimuth and elevation at the ground distance of about 150 m between the drone and the explosion location.

PENGEMBANGAN AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE – BROADCAST UNTUK PENINGKATAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN

The purpose of this study is to conduct a review of the existing navigation system at the airport and integrate to the flight navigation system that has been developed by the Ministry of Research and Technology to be applied to Airports in Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative research method through literature study, literature, benchmarking. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is a system designed to replace radar functions in air space management for civilian transport, can serve as a substitute or for traditional radar-based aircraft surveillance supplements. The use of ADS-B was recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in May 2006. Using ADS-B, detection would be better and more accurate than when using a radar system where existing radar systems can not detect unobstructed aircraft . The use of the ADS-B system in Indonesia began in 2006, in partnership with SITA and Thales. In this regard, Indonesia has 30 (thirty) earth stations ready for operation. In general, both flight monitoring systems are very helpful for APP operators (Approach and departure control) in terms of providing a picture of flight traffic conditions around the airport.

Green House Gases (GHG’s) Emission Reduction Measures and Verification Challenge at Transport Sector

The Ministry of Transportation Republic of Indonesia adopted several co-benefits activities related to climate change mitigation action through 2010-2014. In order to claim these activities results as climate change mitigation action, Ministry of Environment and Forestry need to verify them. The verification covers data accuracy, consistency, transparency and completeness of data quality and information. The author also verify the other parameters such as the calculation method, managerial system, monitoring system and funding support. In this program, several mitigation actions were implemented such as Area Traffic Control System (ATCS), traffic impact control, parking management, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, smart driving, non-motorized transport, shifting from private vehicles to rail transport, rejuvenating of navigation facilities, aircraft fleet rejuvenation, renewal of the operation and maintenance system of airplane and improvement of flight navigation system during take-off and landing. The absolute difference results between claim and verification for all climate change mitigation actions based on Government Regulation (PP) No. 61/2011 were 13.44% - 43.5%. While for mitigation action beyond PP 61/2011, the absolute difference were 0% - 67.31%. There are no mitigation action satisfying all verification criteria. Based on these verification activities, The Ministry of Transportation should refine the method of mitigation action.

A novel distributed architecture for UAV indoor navigation

Abstract In the last decade, different indoor flight navigation systems for small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been investigated, with a special focus on different configurations and on sensor technologies. The main idea of this paper is to propose a distributed Guidance Navigation and Control (GNC) system architecture, based on Robotic Operation System (ROS) for light weight UAV autonomous indoor flight. The proposed framework is shown to be more robust and flexible than common configurations. A flight controller and companion computer running ROS for control and navigation are also included in the section. Both hardware and software diagrams are given to show the complete architecture. Further works will be based on the experimental validation of the proposed configuration by indoor flight tests.

Small‐Scale Remotely Piloted Vehicles in Environmental Research

AbstractSmall‐scale remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) have been experimentally used in environmental fieldwork. They have found employment in range management, forestry, wildlife studies, crop monitoring, marine investigations, and aerobiological sampling. The advantages of small‐scale RPVs include pilot safety, fast data turnaround time, low capital and per‐flight costs, ease in flight planning, quick response for targets of opportunity, and the potential to gather ultrahigh resolution pictures in situations where in situ data gathering is impossible. Significant limitations of small‐scale RPVs include their low stability as photographic platforms; short flight times, airframe fragility, the paucity of sensor packages available, and the difficulties involved integrating pilot‐assist flight navigation systems. Further development is required before small‐scale RPVs will be accepted as mainstream tools for environmental monitoring. Besides discovering and validating environmental applications of the technology, this work includes the design of inexpensive lightweight sensor packages for environmental tasks and the improvement of image processing algorithms to interpret, rectify, and manage RPV imagery.

Navigation simulator for the space tug vehicle

A general simulation program (GSP) for state estimation of a nonlinear space vehicle flight navigation system is developed and used as a basis for evaluating the performance of a Space Tug navigation system. An explanation of the iterative guidance mode (IGM) guidance law, derivation of the dynamics, coordinate frames and state estimation routines are given in order to clarify the assumptions and approximations made. A number of simulation and analytical studies are used to demonstrate the operation of the Tug system. Included in the simulation studies are (1) initial offset vector parameter study; (2) propagation time vs accuracy; (3) measurement noise parametric study and (4) reduction in computational burden of an on-board implementable scheme. From the results of these studies, conclusions and recommendations concerning future areas of practical and theoretical work are presented.