Flexible Format Research Articles

Bridging epistemologies: Indigenous Methodologies and Western Journal Practices

This editorial reflects on the role of academic journals in supporting and disseminating Indigenous research. It is inspired by Dr Paul Callaghan’s invited article published in this issue of Advancing Scholarship and Research in Higher Education (ASRHE) which extends on his keynote presentation at the 2024 HERDSA Conference. Callaghan outlines the fundamental differences between Western and Aboriginal culture, pedagogy, epistemology, ontology, and axiology, and suggests how universities can leverage their positions of influence to create improved wellbeing for Aboriginal people and the nation as a whole. The editorial explores prior literature, including the 2021 HERD Special Issue on Indigenous voices, and identifies challenges in reviewing Indigenous research using Western frameworks. It advocates for more flexible journal formats that allow Indigenous researchers to present their work authentically, without conforming to Western ways of researching and publishing. An ‘open’ article category, supported by an exegesis, is proposed, to facilitate a more inclusive and multifaceted understanding of research. The editorial calls for feedback and collaboration to shape a future where journal publishing truly embraces diverse research traditions.

Formation of leadership competences in the context of emergent development of the IT industry

The object of research is processes and approaches to the development of leadership competencies of personnel in IT organizations. The research is devoted to the analysis of the features of the formation of leadership competencies in the context of the emergent development of the IT industry. The work examines the evolution of concepts of corporate training and their adaptation to the specifics of the IT sphere, which is characterized by a high rate of technological changes and innovation. Traditional and innovative forms of personnel development are analyzed, with a special emphasis on their effectiveness in the context of the IT industry. A survey was conducted among employees of IT companies, which revealed high leadership potential and willingness to accept responsibility among industry specialists. At the same time, certain gaps in the development of certain competencies have been identified, in particular, regarding the ability to effectively delegate tasks and make risky decisions. The results of the study emphasize the need to adapt traditional leadership models to the unique requirements of the IT industry, with a focus on the development of technical competence, innovative thinking and adaptability. The paper offers recommendations for improving leadership development programs in IT companies. These recommendations include the implementation of flexible learning formats that combine online and offline components, as well as the use of modern technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, to develop leadership skills. Special attention is paid to the development of such competencies as managing virtual teams and cross-cultural leadership, which are becoming more and more relevant in the context of the globalization of the IT industry. The paper outlines directions for further research, in particular the study of the impact of artificial intelligence and machine learning on the formation of leadership competencies in the IT sphere. The results of the study have both theoretical and practical value for the development of effective strategies for the development of leadership potential in IT companies, which will contribute to increasing their competitiveness on the global market.

Analysis on the Impact of English Teachers' Continuing Professional Development (CPD) on Teaching Ability: A Case Study of Applied Undergraduate Colleges in Henan Province

Background and purpose: With the rapid development of higher education in China and the rise of applied undergraduate colleges, the continuing professional development (CPD) of English teachers is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to explore in depth the impact of CPD on the teaching ability of English teachers in applied undergraduate colleges in Henan Province, analyse teachers' attitudes towards and participation in CPD and its effectiveness, and examine the role of demographic characteristics and teacher creativity in this process. Method: A mixed research method was used, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 294 English teachers (with a 85.5% response rate) from 10 applied undergraduate colleges in Henan Province. The questionnaire included aspects such as teachers' background information, frequency of CPD participation, attitudes towards CPD, and perceived teaching ability. In addition, 20 semi-structured interviews and four focus group discussions (24 participants in total) were conducted to obtain more in-depth qualitative data. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS software, and Hayes' PROCESS macro was used to analyse moderated effects. Main results: Teachers had a generally positive attitude towards CPD (mean score 4.587/5), but institutional support was lower (mean score 3.326/5). There were significant differences in the frequency of participation in CPD activities: professional reading had the highest participation rate (65.9% participated frequently or very frequently), while industry-university cooperation had the lowest (only 22.8%). CPD had a positive impact on all aspects of teaching ability, especially technology integration (72.5% reported a significant or transformative impact). Multiple regression analysis showed that the frequency of CPD participation was the strongest predictor of perceived teaching ability (β = 0.458, p < 0.001), followed by attitude towards CPD (β = 0.265, p < 0.001). Teacher creativity significantly moderated the relationship between CPD participation and teaching competence (B = 0.087, p = 0.026), indicating that teachers with higher creativity are better able to translate their CPD experiences into teaching practice. Heavy workload (65.6%) and insufficient time (59.5%) were the main barriers to CPD participation. Technical training (64.9%) and reflective practice groups (59.2%) were the most popular types of CPD activities. Conclusions and recommendations: The findings of this study highlight the important role of CPD in improving the teaching capacity of English teachers in applied undergraduate institutions, while also revealing the challenges in the current implementation of CPD. Recommendations for educational institutions are as follows: Increase institutional support for CPD to create more time and resources for teachers to participate in CPD. Design a diversified CPD programme with a balanced mix of activities, with a particular focus on industry-university collaboration and action research. Focus on technical training and reflective practice to improve teachers' digital literacy and innovation capabilities. Develop personalised CPD pathways that take into account teachers' career stages, educational backgrounds and career aspirations. Explore more flexible CPD formats, such as microlearning modules or blended learning approaches, to overcome time and workload barriers. This study provides an empirical basis and practical guidance for the CPD of English teachers in applied undergraduate colleges in Henan Province and even in China, which is of great significance for improving teaching quality and student learning outcomes.

Flexible Single Microwire X-Ray Detector with Ultrahigh Sensitivity for Portable Radiation Detection System.

Sensitive, flexible, and low false alarm rate X-ray detector is crucial for medical diagnosis, industrial inspection, and scientific research. However, most semiconductors for X-ray detectors are susceptible to interference from ambient light, and their high thickness hinders their application in wearable electronics. Herein, a flexible visible-blind and ultraviolet-blind X-ray detector based on Indium-doped Gallium oxide (Ga2O3:In) single microwire is prepared. Joint experiment-theory characterizations reveal that the Ga2O3:In microwire possess a high crystal quality, large band gap, and satisfactory stability, and reliability. On this basis, an extraordinary sensitivity of 5.9×105µCGyair -1cm-2 and a low detection limit of 67.4nGyairs-1 are achieved based on the prepared Ag/Ga2O3:In/Ag device, which has outstanding operation stability and excellent high temperature stability. Taking advantage of the flexible properties of the single microwire, a portable X-ray detection system is demonstrated that shows the potential to adapt to flexible and lightweight formats. The proposed X-ray detection system enables real-time monitor for X-rays, which can be displayed on the user interface. More importantly, it has excellent resistance to natural light interference, showing a low false alarm rate. This work provides a feasible method for exploring high-performance flexible integrated micro/nano X-ray detection devices.

Teaching Linked Data Principles through Virtual Wikidata Edit‐a‐thons

ABSTRACTCataloging and metadata professionals in libraries have an interest in learning about the Semantic Web and Linked Data technologies. However, with limited release time and funding for continuing education, professional development opportunities need to be designed with learner needs in mind: free, flexible, and fun. Our regional Linked Data interest group approached this challenge by developing an annual program in the form of a five‐day edit‐a‐thon, providing training and hands‐on experience in creating and editing Wikidata. The flexible format makes use of synchronous video conferencing, detailed online documentation, independent editing days for hands‐on learning, and opt‐in community discussion via Slack. Individual and project progress was tracked with the Wikimedia Event Dashboard. This poster proposes the Wikidata edit‐a‐thon as an ideal method to fulfill a professional development need of library staff by introducing participants to the principles of Linked Data through this flexible and interactive event.

Women’s experience of participating in a storytelling intervention about abnormal uterine bleeding for medical student education

Introduction: Storytelling of lived experience could be an effective educational intervention to enhance empathic communication during medical training. The aim of this study is to describe women’s experiences of participating in a storytelling intervention for medical students, consisting of live online and recorded stories about their lived experience of abnormal uterine bleeding. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with women who had lived experience of abnormal uterine bleeding and who participated in a storytelling intervention for medical students. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A reflexive thematic analysis approach was used for analysing the data. Results: Eight women participated in interviews, five online, two by telephone and one responding to interview questions by email. The analysis produced five themes: (1) empowered by opportunity to provide guidance to students, (2) empowered by advocating for women, (3) therapeutic to share and hear lived experiences, (4) preference for a pragmatic online format and (5) safe and comfortable setting for sharing experiences. Conclusion: Women had a meaningful and therapeutic experience of participating in the storytelling intervention. Storytelling interventions for health professional education may work well for people with lived experience when a practical or flexible online format is offered, which contributes to a safe and comfortable environment.

Multi-depot and product vehicle routing problem with precedence constraint and selective backhauling in animal feed manufacturing industry

ABSTRACT Multi-depot vehicle routing with precedence constraints and selective backhauling, along with practical challenges such as outsourcing, demand splitting, and flexible pickup and delivery formats, is a common issue in the animal feed industry. However, few studies address demand splitting and flexible pickup constraints. The industry struggles with inadequate management, leading to difficulties in efficiently utilizing limited vehicles for both raw material pickup and product delivery. This inefficiency results in higher transportation costs, including subcontractor vehicle expenses. This study proposes the Extended Adaptive Grey Wolf Optimizer to minimize total transportation costs by incorporating essential factors such as multi-depots, outsourcing services, optimization of split delivery and pickup operations, precedence constraints, and selective backhauling. The results show a remarkable 97.6% improvement toward optimality, representing a significant enhancement of 38.1% improvement over current practice. The findings emphasize the benefits to the industry of adopting proper route sequencing and utilizing subcontractor vehicles.

Empowering accessibility: The dynamics of assistive technology acquisition

BACKGROUND: While it has been broadly agreed that there is a need for consolidated information about assistive technology, previous attempts have not been sufficient for detailed consumer demands. OBJECTIVE: Researchers sought consumer feedback to determine what should be included in a comprehensive, accessible database of AT. METHODS: We conducted focus groups with different stakeholder groups (people with diverse disabilities, practitioners, and circles of support). We used a framework analysis to map participant responses to the research questions using focus group transcripts and notes. RESULTS: AT users are looking for quick access to certain information such as the cost versus benefit, reliability, funding, and compatibility. They expect to find this in a variety of formats (video, audio, text) with a collaborative element (reviews and recommendations) from other users. CONCLUSIONS: In an AT product database, users want the option to search by activity rather than only disability category, as disability can fluctuate. Accessibility of the database is key, with people preferring modifiable and flexible formats for both adding and consuming information. A community of practice will foster the connections people require to confirm their decisions prior to purchase.

Imaging localisation of damages on switch rail foot based on laser ultrasonic testing

ABSTRACT The corrosion on the switch rail’s foot may easily lead to rail breakage. Laser ultrasound detection is often used to assess the integrity of rails. Nevertheless, the inadequate photoacoustic conversion efficiency and vulnerability to surface interference of the entirely non-contact laser ultrasound result in a diminished signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), hence impeding the efficient detection and analysis of minor damages in the rail. This work demonstrates piezoceramic material lead zirconate titanate (PZT) wafers in conjunction with a pulsed laser to create a sensor array capable of accurate array image inspections. The PZT sensor arrays are manufactured in a flexible format that may be easily installed and altered to complicated geometries. Pulsed lasers are used to achieve dense and high-frequency array excitation. This study proposes a novel probabilistic picture location identification strategy by merging the variable mode decomposition algorithm based on parameter optimization (PVMD) and the principle component analysis (PCA) algorithm. The aim is to enhance the SNR and increase the accuracy of damage findings. Simulation and experimental tests have demonstrated the accuracy of the suggested mechanisms and algorithms in identifying damaged regions.

What We Know about Student Families: A Sociological Analysis

This study analyzes the phenomenon of student parents in Russia. The authors examine the demographic context, the characteristics of student parents, and their experience of combining study and parenthood. The study is based on data from the longitudinal project “Trajectories in Education and Profession” and in-depth interviews with student mothers. The results show that student families are relatively rare, which is in line with the general trend of increasing age of marriage and childbearing. Nevertheless, most students plan to start a family in the future. Students from families with lower socioeconomic background are more likely to start families during their studies. Analysis of the interviews revealed the main strategies for combining study and motherhood, including reorganization of daily routines, sabbaticals, and distance learning. The importance of support from partners and relatives was also noted. Student mothers expressed a demand for more flexible study formats, material support, and infrastructure development (e.g. kindergartens at universities). The authors conclude that an individualized approach to supporting student families is needed, given their rarity and diversity of needs. Directions for further research are suggested, including the study of social conditions influencing the age of family formation, analysis of family plans of older undergraduate and graduate students, and a more detailed study of the typology and daily life of student families.

A novel IDEA(-R) for a small group teaching format.

We present a novel small group teaching format (termed IDEA-R), ideal for deliberate targeting and escalation of cognitive learning tasks. Additionally, this approach is ideal for smaller postgraduate programs which struggle to predict trainee attendance far in advance, as it provides a flexible format that can adapt to in-the-moment fluctuations in trainee numbers.

Higher Education in the New Reality: A Study of Students’ Preferences About Digital Learning in Mexico

ABSTRACT Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education students had to switch to online classes to avoid infections, so universities had to adapt to a situation known as emergency remote education and had to provide digital content to simulate the traditional classroom experience. Now, as we transition from the pandemic, returning to in-person education has been a challenge. This period, often referred to as the “new normal,” is characterized by a mix of in-person and digital learning. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate students’ preferences for digital education in this new educational landscape. In this exploratory empirical study, the preferences of undergraduate students at a private university in Mexico were evaluated through a survey. This survey was applied by the Directorate of Educational Innovation and Digital Learning through institutional means in September 2022. It had multiple-choice questions and an open final question. A total of 2725 responses were obtained. Student responses were analyzed using a mixed methods methodology. Responses to multiple-choice questions were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics, while responses to open-ended questions were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that although students prefer academic programs with 80 to 100% in-person, they also prefer digital or remote classes. This preference is highlighted by students who work and study simultaneously. These studies show that the hybrid and flexible format (HyFlex) can take off in this new normal. However, more studies are required to demonstrate its effectiveness in learning.

MedT2T: An adaptive pointer constrain generating method for a new medical text-to-table task

Medical information extraction is a crucial task in the governance of healthcare data within medical information systems in the medical internet network, aimed at extracting vital information from existing content. However, structuring this key information into a table is currently a challenge, hindering the development of AI-driven smart health. In this study, we study the medical text-to-table task based on a new generative perspective. To address the challenges of ineffective numerical embedding, flexible table formats, and dense medical terminology and numerical entities in an end-to-end manner, we present the innovative medical text-to-table model called MedT2T. This model, built on the BART backbone, operates in an end-to-end manner and comprises three essential modules: Encoder, Decoder, and Adapter. The Encoder utilizes an innovative adaptive medical numerical constraint to facilitate precise embedding and generation of medical numerical data. The generated output of the Decoder adheres to relational constraints and table formats, ensuring the desired structure and organization. Additionally, the Adapter incorporates an adaptive pointer generation mechanism, allowing for dynamic referencing of medical terminology and numerical information either from the source text or generated through the vocabulary distribution of the Decoder. Our method outperforms existing baselines in terms of exact match, character level match, and BERTScore. We also proved that MedT2T can serve as an essential table extraction tool to bring informative gains for medical downstream classifiers and predictors. This study not only achieved accurate entity generation for tables from lengthy medical texts to improve physician efficiency in accessing critical information for decision-making, but also provided large-scale structured training table data for downstream tasks such as AI-driven smart healthcare.

Community Recommendations for Adapting an Evidence-Based Mental Health Intervention for Racially/Ethnically Diverse Schools: A Qualitative Study

The goal of this qualitative study was to understand the perspectives of school community members (adolescents, parents, school administrators, teachers, mental health providers) regarding the adaptation of an evidence-based transdiagnostic mental health treatment, known as the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents, for delivery in racially/ethnically diverse schools. Thirty-three school community members (n = 9 adolescents, n = 4 parents, n = 5 school administrators, n = 10 teachers, n = 5 mental health providers) participated in a series of focus groups or individual interviews. We used a rapid qualitative analysis to summarize their recommendations for adapting our intervention across seven themes: (1) consider social determinants of health, (2) include content related to social media and digital literacy, (3) provide teachers and staff with training on identifying and referring to mental health services and basic psychoeducation, (4) build trust and reduce stigma, (5) use qualified mental health providers to conduct culturally relevant sessions in person during school hours, (6) consider flexible format offerings and extended intervention delivery window, and (7) anticipate low parental engagement. These data were critical for informing systematic content and procedural modifications to our adapted intervention, such as scheduling sessions for school lunch hours and identifying coaches (e.g., teachers, school administrators) to support students with check-ins regarding session attendance and skill practice. These adaptations may be applied more broadly to the implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions in diverse school settings.

Impact of LiDAR point cloud compression on 3D object detection evaluated on the KITTI dataset

The rapid growth on the amount of generated 3D data, particularly in the form of Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds (PCs), poses very significant challenges in terms of data storage, transmission, and processing. Point cloud (PC) representation of 3D visual information has shown to be a very flexible format with many applications ranging from multimedia immersive communication to machine vision tasks in the robotics and autonomous driving domains. In this paper, we investigate the performance of four reference 3D object detection techniques, when the input PCs are compressed with varying levels of degradation. Compression is performed using two MPEG standard coders based on 2D projections and octree decomposition, as well as two coding methods based on Deep Learning (DL). For the DL coding methods, we used a Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) reference PC coder, that we adapted to accept LiDAR PCs in both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems. The detection performance of the four reference 3D object detection methods was evaluated using both pre-trained models and models specifically trained using degraded PCs reconstructed from compressed representations. It is shown that LiDAR PCs can be compressed down to 6 bits per point with no significant degradation on the object detection precision. Furthermore, employing specifically trained detection models improves the detection capabilities even at compression rates as low as 2 bits per point. These results show that LiDAR PCs can be coded to enable efficient storage and transmission, without significant object detection performance loss.

Benefits of flexibility in current and future IM-DD based TDM-PON [Invited

Due to continuously emerging high bandwidth applications, research and standardization of time division multiplexed passive optical networks (TDM-PONs) have focused on increasing the peak bitrate. However, increasing the bitrate while supporting the stringent optical power budget of a PON becomes increasingly challenging because of the larger chromatic dispersion penalties as well as reduced receiver sensitivity when the bitrate of the intensity modulation with direct-detection (IM-DD) based PON is increased. Also, increasing bitrate generally causes higher power consumption, which leads to more challenging thermal designs and misalignment with environmental targets. In this paper we give an overview of flexible concepts that can help achieve the required optical power budget and support reduced power consumption of a future IM-DD based TDM-PON. We demonstrate that a flexible PON can provide an increased overall throughput or an extended reach and power budget with the use of flexible modulation formats, probabilistic and geometric shaping, and flexible rate forward error correction (FEC). Another dimension of flexibility in the form of a configurable optical distribution network (ODN) is described and its merits and challenges are discussed. Flexible concepts based on interleaving of FEC codewords can align signal processing like FEC decoding and the protocol processing closer to the user-rate of an optical network unit (ONU), which leads to reduced power consumption. Flexibility based on multiple channels based on wavelength multiplexing or spatial multiplexing enables optimization of the power consumption to the amount of traffic on the PON. Several flexible concepts have already been adopted in the PON standards. We highlight flexible gain FEC for upstream 50G PON, the transmitter dispersion eye closure (TDEC) metric, and the flexible split-ratio ODN for power saving. Flexible modulation has not been adopted yet in PON standards, but it is expected that flexibility is more and more needed to support the performance, cost effectiveness, and power conservation of future optical access systems.

Enhancing engagement in parenting programs: A comparative study of in-person, online, and telehealth formats

IntroductionParenting programs are widely used to prevent and ameliorate children’s emotional and behavioral problems but low levels of engagement undermine intervention effectiveness and reach within and beyond research settings. Technology can provide flexible and cost-effective alternate service-delivery formats for parenting programs, and studies are needed to assess the extent to which parents are willing to engage with digitally assisted formats. MethodsAfter Deployment, Adaptive Parenting Tools (ADAPT) is an evidence-based parenting program for military families. In the current comparative effectiveness trial, families were randomly assigned to either an in-person group (n = 95), self-directed online (n = 78), or individual telehealth (n = 71) formats of ADAPT. We explored whether children’s initial problem severity, parenting efficacy, parental depression, household income, child age, child gender, parental deployment length, and waiting time were related to parental engagement across different delivery formats. Zero-inflated Poisson regressions were used due to the distribution of the number of attended sessions. ResultsCompared to the in-person group format, parents in the individual telehealth and self-directed online formats had higher engagement levels. For the in-person format, parents who perceived their children as having more severe problems were more likely to enroll and families with a father deployed for longer time attended fewer sessions. In the self-directed online format, families with less depressed fathers were more likely to enroll. No predictors were found for the telehealth format. For all three formats, once parents took the first step to engage, they were likely to finish all sessions. DiscussionTechnology-assisted delivery formats have the potential to improve program engagement. Results from this study will help facilitate the development of specific strategies to promote engagement in the future.

The Community Primary Care Champions Fellowship: a mixed methods evaluation of an interprofessional fellowship for physician assistants and physicians

BackgroundPrimary care in the US faces challenges with clinician recruitment, retention, and burnout, with further workforce shortages predicted in the next decade. Team-based care can be protective against clinician burnout, and opportunities for interprofessional education (IPE) on professional development and leadership could encourage primary care transformation. Despite an increasingly important role in the primary care workforce, IPE initiatives training physician assistants (PAs) alongside physicians are rare. We describe the design, curriculum, and outcomes from an interprofessional primary care transformation fellowship for community-based primary care physicians and PAs.MethodsThe Community Primary Care Champions (CPCC) Fellowship was a one-year, part-time fellowship which trained nine PAs, fourteen physicians, and a behavioralist with at least two years of post-graduate clinical experience in six content pillars: quality improvement (QI), wellness and burnout, mental health, social determinants of health, medical education, and substance use disorders. The fellowship included a recurring schedule of monthly activities in self-study, lectures, mentoring, and community expert evening discussions. Evaluation of the fellowship included pre, post, and one-year follow-up self-assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in the six content areas, pre- and post- wellness surveys, lecture and discussion evaluations, and midpoint and exit focus groups.ResultsFellows showed significant improvement in 24 of 28 self-assessment items across all content areas post-fellowship, and in 16 of 18 items one-year post-fellowship. They demonstrated reductions in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization post-fellowship and increased confidence in working in interprofessional teams post-fellowship which persisted on one-year follow-up assessments. All fellows completed QI projects and four presented their work at national conferences. Focus group data showed that fellows experienced collaborative, meaningful professional development that was relevant to their clinical work. They appreciated the flexible format and inclusion of interprofessional community experts in evening discussions.ConclusionsThe CPCC fellowship fostered an interprofessional community of practice that provided an effective IPE experience for physicians and PAs. The learning activities, and particularly the community expert discussions, allowed for a flexible, relevant experience, resulting in personal and professional growth along with increased confidence working within interprofessional teams.

The Birth of a New BIM Standard: From PED 2018 to 2023, New Parameters and Workflows "Going Live" for Everyone

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become the de facto standard for the digital representation of buildings. However, from the pedestrian dynamics perspective, BIM Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema specification do not fully support data properties required for two-way data sharing with pedestrian modelling tools. An international team of academic and industry researchers, supported by buildingSMART International (bSI), is developing an Occupant Movement Analysis (OMA) standard. The project is focused on expanding the IFC schema specification to support workflows for pedestrian simulation tools and is close to completion. So far, multiple process maps and a list of data properties synchronised with several representative pedestrian modelling tools have been produced. This list of data properties was then converted into bSI's recommended flexible and machine interpretable Information Delivery Specification (IDS) format for specifying data exchange requirements and to add clarity. Currently, this is undergoing testing and review by the project team. Once completed, it will be submitted to bSI’s committees for review. Also, to support this work, a prototype open-source Add-in has been developed to demonstrate a two-way integrated data sharing between BIM authoring tools and pedestrian simulation tools. This standard will enhance data sharing between BIM authoring and pedestrian modelling tools by facilitating the capturing of the required data and addressing friction in multiple design iterations and reassessment.

Utilization of the Riyu Exambro Application as a Learning Evaluation Media

This study aims to determine the implementation of the evaluation of Al-Islam, Muhammadiyah, and Arabic Learning (ISMUBA) using the Riyu Exambro application. The approach used in this research is a phenomenological qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques were used to reduce and present data and draw conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of ISMUBA learning includes determining the curriculum, making teaching modules, and evaluation. ISMUBA learning evaluation at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Colomadu Superior Program uses the Riyu Exambro application. The process of evaluating ISMUBA learning with Riyu Exambro at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Colomadu Superior Program is carried out through several stages, including making grids, questions, and answer keys, archiving questions, creating links, socializing the implementation of exams to students, registering personal data and using tokens by students, working by students, and finally recording scores. Using the Riyu Exambro application as an online evaluation platform provides advantages in preventing cheating, training IT problems, disciplining students, and providing flexible work formats. This study also identified several obstacles, such as technical problems related to Arabic fonts, unstable internet signals, application screens that are often refreshed, and the need for devices and limited internet access.