Flexibility Tests Research Articles

Взаимосвязь когнитивной гибкости и развития связной речи у дошкольников (на материале рассказов старших дошкольников)

In the field of educational psychology, the relationship between regulatory functions and the development of coherent monologic speech is a hot topic. In our country, however, this kind of research is still in the bud. The study assessed the level of cognitive flexibility, nonverbal intelligence, and the ability to produce coherent monologic speech in 279 children aged 5 and 6 with the purpose to explore meaningful predictors of the development of coherent speech in preschoolers based on their narratives. Children’s narratives have a macro- and a microstructure. The former is characterized by narrative length, completeness, adequacy, structure, and type (structural parameters of the narrative as a coherent and integral statement). The microstructure of the narrative is formed by such language aspects as phonetics, dictionary, morphology, and syntax.
 Research findings indicate that there is a strong correlation between cognitive flexibility and macrostructure parameters, while microstructure components are only slightly related to this regulatory function. Children who successfully completed the most difficult task of the cognitive flexibility test performed significantly better when creating narratives. The results of the nonverbal intelligence test show that both indicators (nonverbal intelligence and cognitive flexibility) can predict the narrative’s complexity level. These findings can be used to improve children’s cognitive development and school readiness.

The Association of Body Mass Index and Fat Mass with Health-Related Physical Fitness among Chinese Schoolchildren: A Study Using a Predictive Model.

Body fat mass (FM) has advantages over body mass index (BMI) in terms of accuracy of fitness assessment and health monitoring. However, the relationship between FM and fitness in Chinese children has not yet been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health-related physical fitness, BMI, and FM, which was estimated using a predictive model among elementary schoolchildren in China. This cross-sectional study included 2677 participants (boys, 53.6%; girls, 46.4%) who underwent anthropometric measurements (height, weight, BMI, and FM) and five health-related fitness tests: 50-m sprint (speed), sit and reach (flexibility), timed rope-skipping (coordination), timed sit-ups (muscular endurance), and 50-m × 8 shuttle run (endurance). In boys, BMI showed a positive correlation with speed (p < 0.001) and endurance (p < 0.006) tests and a negative correlation with flexibility (p < 0.004) and coordination (p < 0.001) tests. In girls, a positive correlation between speed (p < 0.001) and endurance (p < 0.036) tests was observed. Both BMI and FM (estimated using the predictive model) were strongly associated with the health-related physical fitness of elementary schoolchildren. Our findings indicate that health-related physical fitness was similarly affected by FM and BMI. As FM can be quantified, it could therefore be used to develop strategies and intervention programs for the prevention and management of obesity in children.

Health-related components of physical fitness and adiposity indicators: a comparative study among Kathak dancers and non-dancers of North India

ABSTRACT The present study aims to do a comparative analysis of health-related components of physical fitness and adiposity levels between Kathak dancers and non-dancers. Participants included 206 female Kathak dancers and 235 physically active controls, ages 18–45 years. Participants performed handgrip strength test and modified push up test for assessing upper body muscular strength and endurance, half sit-up test for abdominal strength and endurance, wall sit, and squat test for lower body strength and endurance, and v-sit and reach test for flexibility. Eight somatometric measurements were recorded based on the ISAK Protocol for assessing the adiposity levels. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated to assess the distribution of various health-related components of physical fitness and adiposity indicators across the sample. Pearson correlation assessed the association between health-related components of physical fitness, age, and years of learning dance. Results revealed that of all the adiposity indicators, only waist-to-hip ratio was significantly higher in Kathak dancers than the non-dancers (M = 0.77 vs. 0.74, p = .028). Kathak dancers endorsed significantly higher scores in all the tests assessing muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility (p < .001) compared to controls. Kathak dance can be taken up as a form of exercise by females of all age-groups that may prevent the development of obesity and improve muscular strength. However, within Kathak dancers, there were high number of participants who reported lower abdominal endurance and lower back flexibility levels, which emphasize the need to encourage supplementary exercise training among Kathak dancers.

Acute Effects of Kinesio Taping on Functional Performance in Healthy Soccer Players: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial.

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of the Kinesio tape (KT) application on functional performance in healthy athletes. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial, a total of sixteen healthy soccer players (male = 14; age = 23.28 ± 3.13 years old) were assigned randomly into either KT over quadriceps, KT over hamstring, KT over quadriceps plus hamstring, or no intervention control condition. Four conditions were applied in a crossover design through three consecutive test sessions for each condition with a washout period of 2 days between the trials. Afterwards, all participants performed a 5-min warm-up routine and four sets of 30-s static stretching exercises for the hamstring and gluteal muscles for three consecutive treatment sessions. The running, jump, and flexibility tests were used to assess the functional performance of healthy athletes. A total of sixteen participants completed the study. No significant differences in the jump, flexibility, and running tests among the conditions were reported (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that KT application has no acute effects in improving functional performance in healthy athletes. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify our results.

Cognitive flexibility in post-traumatic stress disorder: Sustained interference associated with altered modulation of cortical oscillatory activity during task-switching

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility, with evidence suggesting that these deficits may be a risk factor for the development of core PTSD symptoms. Understanding the neurophysiological substrate of this association could aid the development of effective therapies for PTSD. In this study, we investigated the relationship between post-traumatic stress severity (PTSS) in service members with combat exposure and the modulation of cortical oscillatory activity during a test of cognitive flexibility. Participants were assigned to three groups based on PTSS scores: low (well below a threshold consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD, n = 30), moderate (n = 32), and high (n = 29) symptom severity. Magnetoencephalography data were recorded while participants performed a cued rule-switching task in which two matching rules were repeated or switched across consecutive trials. Participants with high PTSS had longer reaction times for both switch and repeat trials, and showed evidence of sustained residual interference during repeat trials. During the cue-stimulus interval, participants with moderate and high PTSS showed higher relative theta power in switch trials over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). After test-stimulus onset, participants with high PTSS showed less suppression of beta band activity, which was present over multiple prefrontal, parietal, and temporal regions in switch trials, but it was confined to ventromedial prefrontal cortex in repeat trials. Higher theta band activity is a marker of effortful voluntary shifting of attention, while lower suppression of beta band activity reflects difficulties with inhibition of competing perceptual information and courses of action. These findings are consistent with a role for altered suppression of beta band activity, which can be due to less effective top-down bias signals exerted by DLPFC, in the etiology of cognitive flexibility deficits in PTSD.

Physical fitness and weight status of Grade One children in Cape Town, South Africa

Physical fitness and weight in young children are important indicators of health status. Literature has shown that fatness and physical fitness are highly intertwined; considering the two together is important as they influence each other. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical fitness levels and weight status of Grade 1 children (N=184) from two schools in Cape Town, South Africa, as well as differences in physical fitness and weight between boys and girls. A quantitative study design was applied. Physical fitness skills were evaluated by measuring five components: cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, agility, flexibility and coordination. Children’s height and mass were measured to determine their Body Mass Index (BMI) and the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs were used to establish under- and overweight classifications of the children. Boys performed better than girls in the standing broad jump, shuttle run and throwing, whereas girls performed better in the flexibility test. Of the children, 84% were classified as normal weight, 11% were overweight and 5% were obese. The children in this study were relatively fit compared with children in other provinces in South Africa; however, their fitness levels can still be significantly improved.

Effects of the EuroFit program

The "EuroFit" program, which lasted one school year, was applied to a sample of eleven- and twelve-year-old boys. Motor tests were measured at the beginning and end of the school year. The motor tests that were monitored at the beginning and end of the school year related to; 'Flamingo' balance-FTR (test of general balance), Hand tapping-PLT (test of rapid hand movements), Reach while sitting-SAR (test of general flexibility), Long jump-SBJ (test of explosive strength of the lower extremities), Sit ups-SUP (abdominal muscle strength test), Arm pull-BAH (arm and shoulder girdle strength and endurance test) and body height-VIS were measured. The aim of the research was to determine the differences after the application of planned and programmed physical education classes using EuroFit program contents. After the implemented program and the measurements at the beginning and end of the school year, statistical data processing was performed. The results of descriptive and advanced statistics show exactly that there has been a positive transformation in the area of psycho-motor abilities of students. It is important to point out that the results at the end of the school year were better in all tests. At the general (overall) level, the transformation is positive and statistically significant. According to the obtained results, the hypothesis that reads "Positive transformations of motor skills are expected under the influence of the EuroFit program in the period of one school year" was confirmed.

The Effect of the Practical Strategy on the Acquisition of Some Physical Attributes

The study aimed to identify the effect of practical strategy on the acquisition of some physical attributes with the students of the faculty of physical education at Yarmouk University. The experimental curriculum was used. The sample consisted of 30 students of the faculty of Physical Education who were randomly chosen at Yarmouk University during the first semester of the university academic year 2021/2022. They were distributed over two equal groups after applying the tests on the elements of the method (flexibility test, agility test, arm flexion test, medical ball throws test, stability jump test, and 30-meter running test). Then the sample was redistributed into an experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). To ensure the parity of the groups in the pre-measurement of the physical fitness elements in the physical education class, the researchers used the statistical significance of the SPSS program and carried out the required statistical processing after collecting the data: Means (M's), Standard deviations (SD's) of the pre-measurement, Independent sample T-Test to the age variable, and the pre-tests. The results showed an effect of the practical strategy on improving the physical fitness traits, and statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. The researchers recommended applying the practical strategy during the teaching of physical education.

Relationships between psychosocial stress, cerebrospinal fluid markers of Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive function in middle‐aged and older adults

AbstractBackgroundExposure to psychosocial stress empirically associates with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Plausible mechanisms include (I) direct influence on AD pathology, and (II) indirect influence through cognitive reserve processes. Current evidence for modifiable determinants of amyloid and tau deposition is mixed, and stress has rarely been studied in this context. In richly characterized cognitive aging samples, we explored preliminary associations between (i) stress measures and amyloid (A), tau (T) and neurodegeneration (N) biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and (ii) synergistic effects of stress and ATN in cognition.MethodParticipants were enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP) or Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center (ADRC), were cognitively intact, had stress and cognition data from at least one timepoint, and had available CSF data assayed using the NeuroToolKit panel of robust prototype assays (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd). Predictors included Perceived Stress T‐scores from the NIH Toolbox Emotion Battery, and self‐reported recent (past‐year) stressors. ATN outcomes included CSF measures of amyloid positivity, tau positivity, and neurofilament light protein (NfL). Cognitive outcomes included performance in domains of (a) processing speed and mental flexibility and (b) episodic memory. Multivariable regression models assessed cross‐sectional predictor‐outcome relationships.ResultCharacteristics of the predominantly white, middle‐aged and older samples are in Table 1. Stress scores associated with poorer performance on tests of speed and mental flexibility but not memory. There were no significant associations between measures of stress and any AD biomarker (Table 2). Estimate precision was limited by sample sizes, but there were observable interactions between stress measures and tau positivity and NfL, specifically in domains of speed and flexibility (Table 3; eg Figure 1); higher stress predicted poorer performance in the presence of accumulated pathology.ConclusionThere was no evidence for direct relationships between stress exposure and ATN pathology. However, the presence of elevated AD biomarkers exacerbated cognitive detriment associated with psychosocial stress, particularly in a key domain of executive function. Our findings must be replicated in a larger and more diverse sample. However, this study provides preliminary evidence suggesting high stress may act on dementia risk indirectly, through reduced resilience to pathological changes in the brain.

Examining the Relationship Between Task-Switching and Speech Errors in Parkinson's Disease

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To establish the link between cognitive flexibility deficits and errors in speech production in Parkinson's disease (PD). A secondary goal is to show that this relationship exists despite the presentation of "normal" overall cognitive functioning on a standard screening test (Montreal Cognitive Battery; MoCA). <h3>Design</h3> Regression (between-subjects). <h3>Setting</h3> University. <h3>Participants</h3> Fifteen people with PD and 15 adult controls participated in this study. All were native speakers of American English, had no upper respiratory tract infections, and passed depression and hearing screenings. People with PD varied on a continuum of overall disease and speech severity. Controls had no history of hearing, speech-language, or neurological disorders. All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board. <h3>Interventions</h3> N/A. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> 1) Metrics of cognitive flexibility (reaction times, error rates) 2) MoCA scores, speech errors (articulation errors, stuttering-like disfluencies, and other disfluencies) and 3) Speech rate. <h3>Results</h3> Results show that people with PD would present with impaired cognitive flexibility (slower reaction times to switch demands compared to controls) despite falling within normal range on standard clinical screenings of cognition (MoCA) and that people with PD and controls show an inverse relationship between cognitive flexibility and the number of errors during speech production with group differences in both flexibility and speech error rates occurring. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings suggest that impairments in cognition in PD may occur earlier than previously thought and may only be apparent on more sensitive tests of cognitive flexibility that are typically not performed as standard-of-care. A relationship between cognitive flexibility and speech errors suggests a role of cognitive flexibility during speech-motor control. These deficits should be considered when recommending therapy and designing interventions. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> Funding for this work is through an internal grant by Seton Hall University. No other relevant disclosures.

The effects of Pilates on pain, functionality, quality of life, flexibility and endurance in lumbar disc herniation.

Aim: To assess the effects of clinical Pilates exercises (CPE)on the level of pain, functional status, flexibility, static and dynamic endurance of the trunk muscles and quality of life(QoL)in patients with lumbar disc herniation. Materials & methods: Individuals were divided into twogroups: the CPE (6weeks, three-times a week) group (n=27) and the control group (n=27). The clinical outcome measures were the visual analog scale for the evaluation of the pain intensity, Oswestry disability index for functional disability, short form-36for healthrelated QoL, sit and reach and hand finger floor distance test for the flexibility, side-bridge and sit-ups test for the static and dynamic endurance. Results: At the end of the 6weeks the amount of decrease in the level of pain and Oswestry disability index, amount of increase in sit-reach test and hand-finger-to-floor distance, duration of the lateral bridge and sits-ups testand most of the shortform-36 subparameters was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the CPEgroup. Conclusion:CPEwas an effective and safe method for symptomatic patients with lumbar disc herniation in reducing the pain level and functional disability and improving flexibility, static and dynamic endurance and partially their QoL. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03198273 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

The relationship between cognitive flexibility, depression, and work performance: Employee assessments using cognitive flexibility tests

• Cognitive flexibility, depression, and work performance was assessed in workers. • Participant age bracket groups: 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60 (each n = 20; N = 80). • There were no significant age-related differences in cognitive flexibility scores. • No correlations between cognitive flexibility, depression, and work performance. • Limitations: small sample, online vs. in person assessments due to COVID-19. Cognitive flexibility is a frontal lobe function, and some scholars have indicated that it is linked to depression. The Cognitive Flexibility Test (CFT) is a neuropsychological test that can easily and promptly measure cognitive flexibility within a short amount of time. This study focuses on healthy younger workers to determine the associations between their cognitive flexibility, depression, and performance at work. The absolute absenteeism and the absolute presenteeism of a group of 80 regular employees were measured, and the employees were administered the Verbal Fluency Test (VTF), the CFT-A and CFT-B, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-2), and the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ). Google Forms were used to measure the BDI-2, absolute absenteeism, and absolute presenteeism, and online interviews were conducted on Zoom to collect answers to the CFT and the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). No significant age-related differences appeared in the number of responses obtained for the CFT-A and CFT-B from subjects grouped according to the decades they represented, ranging from the 20s to the 50s. In addition, the CFT-A and CFT-B did not indicate significant correlations between the BDI-2 and absenteeism and presenteeism. Small sample, online vs. in person assessments due to COVID-19. The results suggest that the function of cognitive flexibility is relatively stable and is unaffected by age brackets. The study also found no links between the cognitive flexibility of healthy young workers, the state of depression, or their work performance.

The Influence of a Single Instrument-Assisted Manual Therapy (IAMT) for the Lower Back on the Structural and Functional Properties of the Dorsal Myofascial Chain in Female Soccer Players: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Instrument-assisted manual therapy (IAMT) is indicated to improve flexibility, reduce pain, and induce hyperaemia locally and along myofascial chains. The underlying effects are largely unclear. This randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study aimed to gain first insights into these effects, primarily on the structural level, through ultrasonography. Methods: 67 healthy female soccer players aged 20.9 (±3.9) years were examined after right lumbar intervention (IAMT: intervention group (IG), heat application: comparison group (CG), pressure-less placebo: placebo group (PG)). Ultrasonography (absolute movement and shear motion), flexibility tests (passive straight leg raise test (PSLR), lumbar and thoracic double inclinometry), and superficial skin temperature were recorded before (t0), immediately (t1) and 45 min after the intervention (t2). Results: IAMT decreased the absolute mobility of the superficial lamina and its shear motion to the superficial fascia compared with the PG (t1; p < 0.05). PSLR improved in the IG compared with the CG (t2) and PG (t1, t2; p < 0.05). The temperature increased in the IG and CG compared with the PG (t1, t2) and in the CG compared with the IG (t1; p < 0.05). Conclusion: IAMT of the lumbar back briefly reduces absolute mobility of the superficial lamina and its shear motion to the superficial fascia, improves flexibility, and increases the temperature.

Normative Reference Values of Physical Fitness Levels in Koreans: Results from the National Fitness Award Project (2017-2019)

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop age- and sex-specific smoothed percentile curves for fitness items using LMS methods in Koreans aged 13–85 years or older.METHODS: A total of 559,430 individuals aged 13-85 years or older (adolescents: 13-18 years, adults: 19-64 years; older adults: &gt;65 years) participated in the National Fitness Award (NFA) project in 2017, 2018, and 2019 in Korea. In this study, the results of body composition (body fat percent), muscle strength (absolute handgrip strength and relative handgrip strength), and flexibility (sit and reach) tests performed by adolescents, adults, and older adults, were analyzed. Cardiorespiratory fitness (20-m PACER, VO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;max) was performed only by adolescents and adults. Percentile curves of fitness items smoothed by age- and sex-specific variables were calculated for fit using the LMS method.RESULTS: Percentile curves for each age- and sex-specific group were presented for each physical fitness component. Percent body fat in men and women increased from the age of 25 and 30 years, respectively. Flexibility showed a tendency to decrease sharply after the age of 65 and 70 years in men and women, respectively. Muscle strength decreased gradually after 40 years, and sharply after 60 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness tended to decrease from the age of 25 years in men and from 19 years in women.CONCLUSIONS: The NFA project dataset provided the opportunity to establish normative values for fitness items in Korean men and women aged 13-85 years or older. The use of the LMS method enabled factoring age in the analysis. Normative reference values of fitness items can be used to interpret individuals’ fitness levels during the everyday practice of fitness and/or in clinical settings.

The Physical Condition of The Sukoharjo Pencak Silat Athlete in Team Category

Pencak silat is a sport related to physical needs and physical readiness to support the pencak silat movement. This study aims to determine the energy system in each stance, physical needs and to find out statistical data and the average physical need. This research is a descriptive quantitative with purposive sampling technique. Data were taken using the test items of Push Ups, Sit Ups, 300 M Run, Split Test, 20 M Sprint, Triple Jump, Shuttle Run, Ball Throw, Multi Fitnes-Stages. The research subjects were 6 people which were divided into 3 sons and 3 daughters. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The results in the male sample showed perfect categories on the triple jump leg muscle power test and medicine ball throw arm muscle power test, very good on the push up arm muscle strength test, sit up abdominal muscle strength, anaerobic 300 m running test, side splits flexibility test, good category on the shuttle run agility test, above average category on Multi Fitnes- Stages, everage category on the 20 m sprint speed test. In the female sample, the results of the push-up arm strength test were in the very good category, the results of the sit-up abdominal muscle strength test were in the very good category, the results of the 300 m run test were in good and medium categories, the side splits test results were in good and medium categories, and the speed test results. 20 m sprint with less category, triple jump leg muscle power test results in good and sufficient category, shuttle run agility test results in sufficient category, medicine ball throw arm muscle power test results with perfect category, below average category endurance test results.

A Multimodal Analysis of Physical Factors that Influence Adolescents’ Motor Competence

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the factorial structure of motor competence tests designed to evaluate motor development among adolescents, focusing on the two main dimensions of coordination and motor control. To this end, we randomly sampled 1,026 adolescents (45.3% males; 45.7% females, age 13.75 years, SD = 1.28). Participants completed the Multidimensional Sportcomp Motor Battery, which features ten motor competence tests. Results indicate that two factors grouped seven of the ten sub-tests related to upper body strength and skill related-fitness. The factorial structure remained stable across age and sex groups, with the exception of manual grip (grip strength) and 7 Meters with Feet Together (jumping) which may relate to a sex-specific evolutionary pattern for upper body force. The Flexibility, Equilibrium and Lateral Jumps tests were not grouped by this factor analysis on any established dimension. These results underscore the multidimensionality of physical factors that influence motor competence among adolescents.

The effect of 8 weeks of child designed vs teacher designed games on physical fitness and creativity in children 8–10 years

A healthy and active lifestyle should start from an early age, as habits learned in childhood are more likely to endure. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of child-designed games and teacher-designed games on the physical fitness and creativity of children aged 8–10 years. Thirty children participating in a sports club were randomly divided into two groups: teacher-designed games (TDG) and child-designed games (CDG). Subjects practiced two sessions per week for eight weeks, each session lasting 60 min. Fitness factors, such as strength, muscle endurance, aerobic fitness, agility, speed, and creativity were assessed by valid tests before and after the protocols. A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The TDG intervention led to a significant improvement in KTK (37.1% vs. -3.2%) and agility (-3.7% vs. -0.4%) compared to CDG intervention, while CDG intervention was associated with a significant improvement in aerobic capacity (10.1% vs. 3.6%) and in the elaboration of creativity test (23.3% vs. 8.6%). Both groups demonstrated substantial improvements in handgrip strength, static balance, long jump, flexibility, core endurance, and creativity tests, with no significant difference between groups. There were no significant changes in anthropometric features following the intervention. The implementation of combined teacher-designed and child-designed approaches in children's classrooms, in addition to promoting all aspects of physical fitness, may be effective in enhancing physical fitness and creativity.

Analysis of secular trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents (8-18 years) from Kraków (Poland) between 2010 and 2020.

The aim of the study was to analyze the changes of the motor skills of children and adolescents from Kraków between 2010 and 2020. The group included 4106 children and adolescents (8-18 years of age). The analysis of changes included results of the following fitness tests: backwards overhead medicine ball throw, standing broad jump, dynamometric strength of the hand, flexibility test, as well as shuttle run (10× 5 m). A negative trend in both sexes was observed in the results of overhead medicine ball throw. The girls also had a negative intergenerational changes in the results of the shuttle run and the flexibility test. A positive secular trend was also observed in both sexes in relations to the dynamometric force of the right and left hand. In addition, the boys studied in more contemporary times showed better results in the shuttle run, compared to their peers in 2010. The study reported a decline in overall motor performance in children and adolescents. The observed results may be related to a decrease in the level of physical activity, as well as a higher incidence of overweight and high levels of body fat in the modern population.

Analysis of Technical Abilities And Physical Condition for Women’s Basketball Athletes of Bandung

Several factors, such as the readiness of technical abilities and physical condition, are basic things that are important to the development and achievement of basketball athletes. This research aims to describe the results of the analysis of the technical abilities and physical condition of female basketball athletes. The method used in this research is a descriptive method using a quantitative approach with a correlational type of research to examine the relationship between technical abilities and physical condition variables on performance. This research was conducted in 2022 with the population of female basketball athletes of Bandung who will compete in the multievent PORPROV basketball Game in 2022. The instrument in this research used five technical skill test items, namely the passing skill test; shooting skills test; Under-ring test; lay-up skills; Illinois Agility Dribbling Test, and seven physical condition test items, namely the Wall Sit Test (Limb Muscle Endurance); 20-meter Sprint Test (Speed); Illinois Agility Test, Vertical Jump Test, Bleep Test, Flexibility Test. In the Pearson correlation output, there is a correlation that shows the relationship between skill technique and physical condition with the performance of Bandung women's basketball players, with a significant contribution from technical abilities and physical condition to the player's performance was 48.2%.&#x0D;

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Carbon-Based Photothermal Superhydrophobic Materials with Thermal Insulation Micropores During Anti-icing/Deicing.

Photothermal deicing is a noncontact, economically, efficient, and environmentally friendly melting/preventing ice method. Obtaining a cheap, easily fabricated material with high photothermal conversion and deicing efficiency is a challenge. Here, carbon-based photothermal superhydrophobic materials with thermal insulation micropores were prepared by using the salt-template. We demonstrate that the microholes array structure can enhance light absorption and hydrophobicity of the material, and the micropores structure can inhibit the heat transfer from the surface to the subcooled substrate, which synergistically greatly enhances the photothermal conversion. A heat transfer model was established to clarify the influence mechanisms of air cushion on interfacial heat transfer during the photothermal anti-icing and deicing process. The self-cleaning, flexibility, mechanical, and chemical stability tests show that the material has the potential for outdoor application. The prepared materials with high photothermal deicing efficiency provide a new way for the anti-icing and deicing of outdoor equipment.