Flexibility Of Cognitive Processes Research Articles

The Role of Cognitive Schema Theory in the Translation from Arabic into English

This study investigates the role of schema theory in translation and aims to gain knowledge that may progress AI-related domains through the simulation of cognition and AI. Schema theory hypothesizes that translators use mental frameworks (schemata) to organize and interpret information. In the context of translation, schemata play a crucial role in knowledge representation, affecting limitations made during the translation process. A cognitive approach is employed and qualitative methods are used in the analysis. A corpus is collected from the translation of a SL Arabic novel (Frankenstein in Baghdad by A. Saadawi) into TL English, covering domains and language pairs. The translation process is analyzed to identify cognitive patterns employed by the translator as they apply schemata to achieve cross-cultural renditions. Conclusions reveal that schema activation significantly impacts translation choices, influencing how the translator interprets and conveys meaning across languages. Cognitive patterns shed light on how cultural and linguistic factors influence the transfer of information between SL and TL. Additionally, the study uncovers variations in schema utilization across different translation tasks and the adaptability and flexibility of cognitive processes in response to varying contexts and linguistic challenges. By deepening our understanding of schema theory, this research contributes to the design, training, and assessment of AI algorithms. It also provides valuable insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying successful cross-linguistic communication and offers practical implications for translators engaged in intercultural exchange. Finally, this paper recommends that AI systems can drive advancements in MT and other AI-related fields of prior knowledge to produce accuracy and more closely with native speakers by using schema theory concepts.

Intra-individual variability adaptively increases following inhibition training during middle childhood

There is ongoing debate on the relationship between intra-individual variability (IIV) of cognitive processes and task performance. While psychological research has traditionally assumed that lower intra-individual variability (IIV) aids consistent task performance, some studies suggest that greater IIV can also be adaptive, especially when flexible responding is required. Here we selectively manipulate inhibitory control (Stopping) and response speed (Going) by means of a training paradigm to 1) assess how this manipulation impacts Stopping IIV and its relationship to task performance, and 2) replicate previous findings showing that reductions in Going IIV are adaptive. A group of 208 6–13-year-old children were randomly allocated to an 8-week training targeting Stopping (experimental group) or Going (control group). The stop signal task was administered before and after training. Training Stopping led to adaptive increases in Stopping IIV, where greater flexibility in cognitive processing may be required to meet higher task demands. In line with previous studies, training Going led to adaptive reductions in Going IIV, which allows more consistent and efficient Going performance. These findings provide systematic and causal evidence of the process-dependent relationship of IIV and task performance in the context of Stopping and Going, suggesting a more nuanced perspective on IIV with implications for developmental, ageing and intervention studies.

Concepts of Metacognition in the Treatment of Patients with Mental Disorders

While metacognitive interventions are gaining attention in the treatment of various mental disorders, a review of the literature showed that the term is often defined poorly and used for a variety of psychotherapeutic approaches that do not necessarily pursue the same goal. We give a summary of three metacognitive interventions which were developed within a sound theoretical framework—metacognitive therapy, metacognitive training, and metacognitively-oriented integrative psychotherapies—and discuss their similarities and distinctive features. We then offer an integrative operational definition of metacognitive interventions as goal-oriented treatments that target metacognitive content, which is characterized by the awareness and understanding of one’s own thoughts and feelings as well as the thoughts and feelings of others. They aim to alleviate disorder-specific and individual symptoms by gaining more flexibility in cognitive processing.

Induced synchronization of alpha rhythm in the time intervals between the visual stimuli at different degrees of set flexibility

In healthy adults (n = 35) was used the model the set study of recognition angry facial expression. The load on working memory by extending the interstimuli time up to 16 sec between the target (facial image) and starting (spot light) stimuli does not lead to a significant slowdown of switching of the set. Differences in the magnitude of the induced synchronization of the alpha rhythm in interstimulus period obtained in the subjects with the change in recognition of emotional facial expressions and the subjects "without errors". At the last group synchronization is clearly more pronounced. The implementation of successive cognitive acts is modulated by selective attention, whichis evident in the level of changes the induced synchronization/desynchronization of alpha range potential. The proposed mechanism "inhibitory control" provides the flexibility of cognitive processes by suppressing effect on cortical processes irrelevant factors during interstimulation pauses. This "protective" mechanism, we believe due to little effect of the loading on working memory.

Flexibility in Processing Visual Information: Effects of Mood and Hypnosis 1

This quasi-experiment using a real/simulator model investigated differences in cognitive flexibility in high and low hypnotizable participants. Using the variables of hypnotizability (low/high), consciousness (nonhypnotized/hypnotized), mood (happy/sad), and visual-information processing (global/local), reaction times and target detection paradigms of the subjects were evaluated during both nonhypnotic and hypnotic states. Flexibility in cognitive processing was operationalized as the ability to overcome the typical global precedence and answer quickly about the nonprevalent local features. It was observed that the low hypnotizable participants were not influenced in their preference for the global or local dimension by any manipulated variable, whereas the high hypnotizables were more flexible.

Association of insight with sociodemographic and clinical factors, quality of life, and cognition in Chinese patients with schizophrenia

Purpose The aims of this study were to assess insight in Chinese patients with schizophrenia and to identify its relationship with sociodemographic and clinical factors, cognition, and quality of life (QOL). Methods A cohort of 139 patients with clinically stable schizophrenia was selected by consecutively screening patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia and who were attending the outpatient department of a university-affiliated psychiatric hospital in China. Participants' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, including psychotic and depressive symptoms and insight, as well as their social functioning, QOL, and flexibility of cognition, were assessed with standardized rating instruments. Results Thirty-three patients (23.7%) had good insight into their illness. In univariate analyses, poor insight was associated with the positive, negative, and general symptom scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and with higher scores on the physical and mental components of QOL. In multivariate analysis, poor insight was independently associated with a higher negative symptom score on the PANSS, a shorter length of illness, and with a high score on the physical components of QOL. Conclusions Poor insight is common in patients with clinically stable schizophrenia. In this study, insight was not associated with basic sociodemographic characteristics or had it any associations with depression or the flexibility of cognitive processes.

Meaning, motivation, and mind: Some conditions and consequences for the flexibility and intersubjectivity of cognitive processes

This essay takes up the concerns of Vygotsky using the categories of Peirce; and it uses these concerns and categories to re-map some of the terrain explored by analytic philosophy and cognitive science. In particular, the central concern is the flexibility of cognitive processes, as created by the interplay of tool and symbol, and as constituting of the relation between organism and environment. The central categories are object, sign and interpretant (qua meaning or ‘symbol’) and agent, means and ends (qua motivation or ‘tool’). And the terrain to be re-mapped is intentionality, or the nature of mental states and speech acts (qua ‘Mind’). Finally, this essay has a particular expository strategy: to capture the fundamental features of such cognitive processes, as objects, by using a relatively generative system of diagrammatic signs. All this, then, is a way of tackling human-specific modes of agency-loosely understood as the flexibility and intersubjectivity of cognitive processes unerlying means-ends reasoning. ▪

Positive Affect and Flexibility: Overcoming the Precedence of Global over Local Processing of Visual Information

Previous findings on the relationship between positive mood and global processing are often based on visual matching tasks that involve a choice between global and local strategies. Preferences for global processing in positive mood, however, do not imply a reduced ability to process locally. The present experiment tested the assumption that positive affect increases flexibility in cognitive processing as indicated by the ability to overcome global precedence, and to respond rapidly to non-dominant (local) features when the task necessitates it. Consistent with expectations, participants responded significantly faster to local targets after positive compared to neutral and negative prime words. The typical precedence of global over local processing observed after neutral and negative prime words was reversed after positive prime words. Findings support the assumption that positive affect increases cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, findings suggest that mood-related preferences in global versus local processing cannot be generalized to processing ability.

On the flexibility of cognitive processes in schizophrenia

On the flexibility of cognitive processes in schizophrenia