Flat Helix Research Articles

Sex Characteristics and Distribution of External Ear in Uygur Population of Xinjiang

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the bilateral external ears of Uygur adults by directly observing the morphological characteristics of the external ears of Uygur adults and classifying each feature. The frequency distribution of the characteristics was calculated to provide reference for forensic identification. Methods The 210 cases （75 males and 135 females） of bilateral external ear photos of Uygur adults in Xinjiang that met the inclusion criteria were collected. The frequencies of the features of the external ear were recorded and distinguished between the two sexes and the different sides. The data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 21.0 statistical software. Results The shapes of the external ears of males and females were commonly oblique or rectangular （34.67% of the left external ear of males and 41.33% of the right were oblique; 30.37% of the left and right external ear of females were rectangular）, while triangular ears were the rare variants and the least common. Sex and bilateral differences were observed as regards the form of the helix in the subjects. Normally rolled helix was the most common （58.67% males and 61.48% females for the left ear; 60.00% males and 72.59% females for the right ear）. Wide covering scapha helix was the most rare for the male left ear and flat helix was the most rare for the female right ear. Square and free earlobes were the most common （49.33% males and 62.96% females for the left ear; 40.00% males and 54.81% females for the right ear）, whereas triangular earlobes were rarely seen. Single knob tragus （40.00% males and 37.78% females for the left ear; 37.33% males and 33.33% females for the right ear） and projection type of Darwin's tubercle （50.67% males and 40.00% females for the left ear; 48.00% males and 39.26% females for the right ear） were found to be common. Conclusion The characteristics of the bilateral external ears of male and female Uygur adults have differences, which can be used for forensic identification.

New Effective Technique for Correction of Flat Helix

New Effective Technique for Correction of Flat Helix

Lipid Tail Protrusion could Explain Fusogenic Activity in Influenza Hemaggluttinin

Influenza is both a major human pathogen and a common model system for studying viral entry mechanisms. One outstanding question in influenza viral entry has been the role of the membrane-inserted hemagglutinin fusion peptide. Point mutations to the fusion peptide can either block fusion entirely, as in the N-terminal glycine mutant (G1V), or cause arrest at hemifusion, as in the G1S mutant. Recently, we and others have proposed that fusion stalks are nucleated by contact of protruding acyl tails. In simulations, we have shown that native influenza fusion peptides promote this tail protrusion.Here, we have performed a series of simulations with wild-type fusion peptide as well as G1V and G1S mutants. Lipid tail protrusion close to the fusion peptides correlates well with experimental fusion activity, being increased for the wild-type structure over the G1V mutant, with G1S as an intermediate. This suggests that tail protrusion may indeed be a good marker for fusion and an important first step in the fusion process.Our simulations also examine the role that peptide structure may play in promoting fusion. We predict that the three main structural models for the fusion peptide may interconvert based on relatively minor changes to their environment. Using lipid tail protrusion as a surrogate metric, we predict the kinked helix model to have much greater fusion activity than either the helical hairpin or the flat helix.

A 6-Year Experience in Flat Helix Correction With a Simple Procedure

A 6-Year Experience in Flat Helix Correction With a Simple Procedure

A 6-Year Experience in Flat Helix Correction With a Simple Procedure

To present our 6-year experience in flat helix correction with a simple procedure. Among the many different congenital ear deformities lies the flat helix. The correction of this anomaly must be considered owing to its significance to the overall shape and appearance of the auricle. Our surgical method is based on a geometrical approach, with radiating beveled incisions of the helical cartilage and subsequent overlapping and suturing of small triangular cartilaginous flaps. The method was applied in 15 patients over 6 years and was combined with correction of prominent ears in 9 cases. Curling of the helix was achieved in all cases. A step deformity detected in 2 initial cases led to minor technique modification. No recurrences were recorded during the follow-up period (mean follow-up, 32 months). All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. The method applied is a relatively simple and reliable procedure that allows the restoration of the curvilinear shape of the helix. It can be performed under local anesthesia (along with any other procedure that a prominent ear may require), causes no visible scars, and delivers consistently effective results.

The magnetic ordering in the Ho 6FeTe 2 compound

The magnetic structure of the ternary intermetallic compound Ho 6FeTe 2 (hexagonal Zr 6CoAs 2 structure type, a ternary ordered variant of the Fe 2P-type; space group P 6 ¯ 2 m , No 189) has been investigated by neutron diffraction and magnetization measurements. The neutron diffraction study shows that in between the temperatures T N ∼ 24 K and T C ∼ 8 K the magnetic moments of the Ho atoms adopt a flat helix ordering with elliptical envelope having a wave vector K = [0, 0, ∼1/9], the helix axis being coincident with the c-axis (with maximal magnetic moments of M H o 1 = 6.5 ( 7 ) μ B and M H o 2 = 8.0 ( 7 ) μ B , at 10 K). Below the T C ∼ 8 K the magnetic structure of Ho 6FeTe 2 changes to a ferromagnetic cone: superposed on the helix ordering within the basal plane a ferromagnetic ordering with K = [0, 0, 0] and moments pointing in the c-direction appears. At 2 K the total maximal magnetic moments amount to M H o 1 = 9.1 ( 7 ) μ B and M H o 2 = 9.6 ( 7 ) μ B with a ferromagnetic component on the H o 1 site of M c H o 1 = 2.2 ( 5 ) μ B and on the H O 2 site of M c H o 2 = 5.2 ( 5 ) μ B . No local moment was detected on the iron atomic site in this compound. Magnetization measurements confirm the first magnetic transition at ∼26 K and the second at ∼10 K. The magnetization vs. field data obtained at 2.5 K show soft ferromagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization of 7.9 μ B/Ho 3+.

Aesthetic Otoplasty

T he prominent rim of the auricle known as the helix takes a more or less curvilinear shape, starting at the helical root anteriorly and ending approximately at the level of the intertragal notch posteriorly. Many types of malformations of the auricle exist, with the prominent ear being one of the most commonly discussed deformities in the cosmetic literature. In many of these malformations, especially in the classic lop ear deformity, a deficient lateral overhang of the helix can exist. Creating a lateral overhang of the helix, or helical curl, that will persist has so far been an elusive endeavor in cosmetic otoplasty. Most surgeons have been satisfied with the helix’s mere prominence and relationship to the antihelix. This report calls attention to this helical flattening and presents a simple approach to obtaining a more natural appearance of the helical curl. This effect is achieved by excising a composite wedge(s) from the superior helical rim in a fashion that promotes an aesthetic tubular appearance of the helix.

Classification of atmospheric corrosivity in humid tropical climates

Abstract International Standard ISO 9223-92 permits the determination of atmospheric corrosivity based on either corrosion rates determined from annual tests on several standard metals or on the time of wetness (TOW) and pollution levels of SO2 and Cl−. Experience shows that the corrosion rate is influenced by the exposure angle of plate specimens and specimen form (flat or wire open helix). These two factors, which are not discussed in the standard, give rise to different time of wetness values, amounts of incident sunlight, temperatures, and quantities of deposited corrosive contaminants. Moreover, tropical humid climates have large annual time of wetness values (4500-8400 h), and in marine-coastal environments most of this occurs in the temperature range 25-30°C, which accelerates the corrosion process. Owing to the higher airborne salinity in these atmospheres, a decrease in the critical value of relative humidity used for the calculation of TOW is recommended. As an example, the monthly and annual ma...

Fiber-composite model for helical growth in the Phycomyces cell wall

The sporangiophores of the fungus Phycomyces , like all isolated, cylindrically-growing cells, show helical growth, the rotation of one end of the cell relative to the other. This work's fiber composite model for the cell wall shows that helical structure results from the rotation of newly-synthesized microfibrils from an initial tranversely-dominated orientation into a flat helix. The cell wall is modeled as discontinuous fibers imbedded in a matrix with a power-law creep rate. The wall yields to the stresses exerted by turgor pressure, and new material is deposited on its inner surface. Applying this model to the steady-state growth zone of the stage IVb Phycomyces sporangiophore leads to predictions of the fibril orientation of new synthesis and of the mechanical properties of the matrix.

A new method for correction of Stahl's ear.

Stahl's ear is characterized by a third crus, a flat helix, hypoplasia or total absence of the superior crus, and deformity of the scaphoid fossa. There are various methods for the correction of Stahl's ear, but the surgical correction of this deformity is more difficult than it appears. We recently devised a new surgical method of our own. During the past 4 years, we treated 5 patients with Stahl's ear with this procedure. Our procedure can be used in every kind of deformity of Stahl's ear and can get satisfactory results.

Cytoskeletal elements in cotton seed hair developmentin vitro: Their possible regulatory role in cell wall organization

The localization and orientation of cytoskeletal elements in developing cotton fibres were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence and the dry cleaving technique. Microtubules are transversely arranged to the cell axis, most probably in a flat helix, in the cortex of expanding fibres. Since the innermost deposited cellulose microfibrils always show primarily the same orientation it is postulated that the microtubules control the transverse deposition of the cellulose fibrils. Little further cell expansion takes place during secondary wall formation and the microfibril pattern corresponds to that of the cortical microtubules,e.g., in the steepness of their helicoidal turns. Microtubules with a length of 7–20 μm were observed, probably they are longer. The importance of microtubule length on microfibril deposition is discussed. The density of microtubule packing is in the range of 8–14 μm-1 as in other comparable cell types. In contrast to the microtubules, actin filaments are most likely longitudinally oriented during different phases of fibre development. The dry cleaving technique reveals numerous coated pits in the plasma membrane which are not crossed by microtubules. They seem to be linked to the latter by filamentous structures.

Magnetic Properties of Tb–Er Single Crystal Alloys

Measurements of ac initial susceptibility, magnetization and paramagnetic susceptibility have been made along the principal axes of Tb–Er single crystal alloys. It is found that the magnetic structures of cone, tilted helix, flat helix and basal plane ferromagnet appear at 4.2 K in the sequence of increasing Tb concentration in this system. The tetracritical point showing a coexsistence of CAM, mixed CAM, helix and paramagnet is observed at 87 K for Tb 0.05 Er 0.95 alloy. From the analyses of the Neel temperatures and the anisotropic paramagnetic Curie temperatures, the exchange interactions J (Q), J (O) and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy K 2 para 0 in the paramagnetic state were estimated on the basis of the molecular field theory.

RETRIEVAL OF CONTRACEPTIVE-DEVICE THREADS FROM WITHIN THE UTERINE CAVITY

The use of the Mi-Mark Helix (Simpson/Basye Inc.) is recommended as simple safe and effective device for the retrieval of missing IUD threads. Using clockwise rotation throughout the procedure the instrument a flexible loosely wound flat helix of soft plastic on firm stem is introduced into the cervical canal and then into the uterus. One or two rotations within the uterus entwine the threads in the helix which is then withdrawn. Even if threads are not visible the threads have usually been brought down into the cervical canal where they may now be removed with Spencer-Wells forceps. The procedure involves little risk of uterine perforation general anesthesia is unnecessary and traction need not be applied to the cervix provided the axis of the uterus is straight. If the procedure is done at time other than within 10 days of the onset of the last menstrual period ultrasound examination should be done to detect the IUD and to exclude the possibility of pregnancy. This device was used on eleven women with Lippes loop or Gravigard IUDs and the threads were retrieved from ten of these patients.

Neutron scattering from chromatin in relation to higher-order structure

Chromatin fibres containing histone H1 as well as the DNA and histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 show the same off-meridional diffraction maxima at ~ 10 nm as reported by Carpenter, Baldwin, Bradbury & Ibel [Nucleic Acids Res.(1976), 3, 1739–1746] for chromatin fibres depleted of histone HI. It is shown that the intensity of the maximum (as a function of solvent scattering-length density and deuteration of histones and DNA) can be quantitatively explained in terms of a globular protein component to the chromatin subunits in a matrix of hydrated DNA. The off-meridional diffraction maximum suggests that the chromatin is in the form of a flat helix and clearly the relative amounts of protein and hydrated DNA vary along the length of the chromatin fibre.

Correcting the flat helix

ALTHOUGH much has been written about the correction of prominent ears and ear reconstruction, relatively little attention has been paid to lesser deformities of the external ear. One of these affecting the scapha-helix region consists of an unfolded helical rim. This has been referred to as “Satyr Ear” (Becker, 1952); however, as the ear is not pointed like a satyr’s but rather spatulate, a better descriptive term is probably “the flat helix”. There is often an abnormal fold in the scapha which Fischl(1976) has termed the third crus of the antihelix (Figs. 3 and 4).

THE STRUCTURE AND DEGRADATION OF BORDERED PITS IN GYMNOSPERM TRACHEIDS AS REVEALED BY THE SCANNING REFLECTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

SUMMARY A study has been made of the bordered pit structure in the tracheids of Picea species, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus radiata with the aid of the scanning reflection electron microscope. Cellulase treatment was applied to gain more detailed information on the pit morphology. It was found that the pit membrane on both sides was covered with a thin membranous layer. The margo fibrils were digested in the cellulase preparation in nearly all samples. The central part of the Pinus torus was often found weakened and very flexible: in many pits it had entirely disappeared, as was found by Stemsrud (1956). After enzyme treatment the amount of this type of torus increased. In the branch wood of Pinus sylvestris many pits with aberrant membrane structures were found. As a whole the overall structure of the pit dome as described by Jutte & Spit (1963) and Murmanis & Sachs (1969) was confirmed. The pit porus in Picea species often seemed to be strengthened by the presence of a thick fibrillar strand, possibly representing the S3 layer. In the cellulase preparation the lignified cell walls looked smoother, proving that some changes had occurred in their chemical components. After cellulase treatment the inside of the pit domes in both Pinus species were readily lifted or peeled off in a flat helix, but not in Picea sp. The tori in the aspirated pits were very tightly attached to the porus whose edge seemed to be pushed into the torus. The torus was not removed during cellulase treatment.

Synchrotron Radiation as the Source of the Polarized Decimeter Radiation from Jupiter.

A Stokes parameter description is developed for synchrotron radiation from a group of ultrarelativistic electrons with any specified distribution of positions, energies and directions of motion. This description is used to study the radiation from a shell of ultrarelativistic electrons trapped in a dipole field. It is found that the polarization observed for the 31 cm radiation from Jupiter could be obtained from such shells provided a large number of the electrons have relatively flat helices. The problem of obtaining high energy , flat-helix electrons in a planetary magnetic field is considered. In particular, the effects of large scale magnetic disturbances on trapped particles are studied by following the particle guiding center motions through a disturbance. The guiding center motions of relativistic particles are determined by using relativistically correct drift velocity expressions obtained by application of an asymptotic approximation method of Bogolyubov and Zubarev. It has been found that these magnetic disturbances might lead to a high density of high energy, flat helix electrons; however, many disturbances are required for appreciable diffusion to occur. Magnetic activity at Jupiter must be very great if this type of mechanism is to provide the relatively flat helix electrons required for the decimeter radiation from Jupiter to be synchrotron radiation.

An Experimental Transverse-Current Traveling-Wave Tube

A transverse current traveling-wave tube employing a flat helix and a skew beam has been built and tested both as a forward wave amplifier and as a backward wave oscillator. The tube operates as an amplifier over the frequency range from 1 to 2 kmc with a power output of the order of 30 milliwatts. Tests on the tube indicated a gain vs voltage characteristic markedly different from that obtained with a conventional traveling-wave tube, particularly with respect to the wide range of current and voltage over which a large amount of attenuation in excess of the cold insertion loss of the circuit was observed. The general shapes of the curves of gain vs current and the gain and saturation power level vs frequency are as predicted from theory and display significant differences from calculated curves for an equivalent conventional tube. The nonlinear behavior of the tube, as a function of input signal level, follows the general pattern predicted from qualitative arguments. The output power is constant to within 0.05 db over an input power range of 20 to 30 db. With two signals of different frequencies supplied to the input of the tube, a region of operation was observed in which, with the input amplitude of one signal fixed, the output amplitudes of both signals were independent of the amplitude of the other (variable) input signal.