Flattened Epithelial Cells Research Articles

Mass spectrometry imaging protocol for spatial mapping of lipids, N-glycans and peptides in murine lung tissue.

The application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) to murine lungs is challenging due to the spongy nature of the tissue. Lungs consist of interconnected air sacs (alveoli) lined by a single layer of flattened epithelial cells, which requires inflation to maintain its natural structure. Therefore, a protocol that is compatible with both lung instillation and high spatial resolution is essential to enable multi-omic studies on murine lung disease models using MALDI-MSI. To maintain the structural integrity of the tissue, murine lungs were inflated with 8% (w/v) gelatin for lipid MSI of fresh frozen tissues or 4% (v/v) paraformaldehyde neutral buffer for N-glycan and peptide MSI of FFPE tissues. Tissues were sectioned and prepared for enzymatic digestion and/or matrix deposition. Glycerol-free PNGase F was applied for N-glycan MSI, while Trypsin Gold was applied for peptide MSI using the iMatrixSpray and ImagePrep Station, respectively. For lipid, N-glycan and peptide MSI, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid matrix was deposited using the iMatrixSpray. MS data were acquired with 20 μm spatial resolution using a timsTOF fleX MS instrument followed by MS fragmentation of lipids, N-glycans and peptides. For lipid MSI, trapped ion mobility spectrometry was used to separate isomeric/isobaric lipid species. SCiLS™ Lab was used to visualize all MSI data. For analyte identification, MetaboScape®, GlycoMod and Mascot were used to annotate MS fragmentation spectra of lipids, N-glycans and tryptic peptides, respectively. Our protocol provides instructions on sample preparation for high spatial resolution MALDI-MSI, MS/MS data acquisition and lipid, N-glycan and peptide annotation and identification from murine lungs. This protocol will allow non-biased analyses of diseased lungs from preclinical murine models and provide further insight into disease models.

Gill structure and respiratory ability of Euchiloglanis kishinouyei (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes: Sisoridae).

Glyptosternoid fishes are distributed in the torrent environment of alpine canyons, where they often leave the water to climb rocky cliffs. As one of the most primitive species of glyptosternoid fishes, Euchiloglanis kishinouyei was examined in the current study to analyse its gill microstructure and respiratory ability. We first found that the oxygen consumption rate was relatively high and negatively correlated with body mass and that the average oxygen consumption at night was higher than during the day. The asphyxiation point of E. kishinouyei (5.05 ± 0.22 g) was c. 1.93 mg/L. Subsequently, the surface morphology, gross gill tissue structure, and ultra-microstructure of gill lamellae were investigated using optical microscopy and SEM. The gills showed an overall trend of regression, with five pairs of gill arches in each gill cavity. The adjacent gill filaments had large gaps, and the gill lamellae were thick. The gill filaments were closely arranged on the gill arches, their folded respiratory surface was highly vascularized with no tiny crest, and there were obvious tiny crests, grooves, pits, and pores on the nonrespiratory surface. The gill lamellae were closely embedded on both sides of gill filaments, which were composed of flat epithelial cells, basement membrane, pillar cells, and mucous cells. The gill total respiratory area correlated positively with body mass and length, whereas the gill relative respiratory area correlated negatively with body mass. We comprehensively analysed the gill microstructure and respiratory capacity of E. kishinouyei to provide fundamental data for the adaptive evolution of the gill structures of bimodally respiring fishes and offer insights into further study on the accessory air-breathing function of skin.

Clinical-Epidemiological Characterization of Human anal Papilloma Virus Infection Coloproctology Unit. Central University Hospital Dr. “Antonio Maria Pineda”

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted viral diseases. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of clinically and epidemiologically characterizing anal HPV infection in patients who attended the Benign Orificial Pathology Consultation of the Coloproctological Unit at the Dr. “Antonio María Pineda” Central University Hospital, during the period March 2022 - February 2023, by selecting 288 patients whose average age was 47.09 ± 14.61 years, being the 41-50 years old group (29.17%) and the 51-60 years old group (19.44%) the most affected groups by pathologies of the anal region, with a predominance of male (54.17%). The sociodemographic characteristics with the highest frequency included married (48.61%) and single (47.22%); secondary level of education (44.44%) and traders (18.05%) and housewives (15, 28%) as predominant occupations. The risk factors were represented by onset of sexual intercourse between 16-20 years of age (65.28%), heterosexuality (91.67%), 22.22% reported having anal sex and 5.56% oral sex. Likewise, 5.56% were reported with a history of genital HPV and 4.17% were HIV positive. In addition, 48.61% stated not to use condoms. The initial clinical diagnosis included hemorrhoidal disease (30.55%), anal fistula (25%) and anal fissure (18.05%), and one patient (1.39%) with anal HPV infection. Anal cytology results showed 8.33% flat epithelial cells with cytopathic changes suggestive of HPV infection and 1.39% squamous cells with cytopathic changes suggestive of HPV infection: 50% mild inflammatory negative for malignancy and 33.33% flat epithelial cells without atypia. In conclusion, the anal cytology investigation should continue to determine the actual frequency of anal HPV infection.

Alveolar repair following LPS-induced injury requires cell-ECM interactions.

During alveolar repair, alveolar type 2 (AT2) epithelial cell progenitors rapidly proliferate and differentiate into flat AT1 epithelial cells. Failure of normal alveolar repair mechanisms can lead to loss of alveolar structure (emphysema) or development of fibrosis, depending on the type and severity of injury. To test if β1-containing integrins are required during repair following acute injury, we administered E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by intratracheal injection to mice with a postdevelopmental deletion of β1 integrin in AT2 cells. While control mice recovered from LPS injury without structural abnormalities, β1-deficient mice had more severe inflammation and developed emphysema. In addition, recovering alveoli were repopulated with an abundance of rounded epithelial cells coexpressing AT2 epithelial, AT1 epithelial, and mixed intermediate cell state markers, with few mature type 1 cells. AT2 cells deficient in β1 showed persistently increased proliferation after injury, which was blocked by inhibiting NF-κB activation in these cells. Lineage tracing experiments revealed that β1-deficient AT2 cells failed to differentiate into mature AT1 epithelial cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that functional alveolar repair after injury with terminal alveolar epithelial differentiation requires β1-containing integrins.

Analysis of Urine Sediment Images for Detection and Classification of Cells

Urine sediment tests are important in the diagnosis of abnormal diseases related to the urinary tract. The formation of cells such as red blood cells and white blood cells in the urine of patients is important for the diagnosis of the disease. Therefore, cells need to be fully identified in clinical urinalysis. Urinalysis with human eyes; Since it is subjective, time consuming and causing errors, methods have been developed to automate microscopic analysis with the help of computer and software systems. In this study, the YOLO-v7 algorithm, which gives successful results in image processing technology, was used as a method and model. The dataset used in the study was created by using microscopic images of urine sediment taken from the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University. Seven different cell segmentation and classification studies have been carried out, including WBC, RBC, WBCC, Epithelial, Flat Epithelial, Mucs and Bubbles, which have clinical value for the diagnosis of the disease. Experimental studies were carried out with the YOLO-v7 algorithm and the results were presented. The contributions of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) In this study, which is proposed for segmentation of cells on the urine cell images in the Urine Sediment dataset, for the experimental studies carried out with the YOLO model, whose performance was evaluated; Precision, Recall, mAP(0.5) and F1-Score(%) segmentation performance metrics were calculated as 0.384, 0.759, 0.432 and 0.510, respectively. (2) A computer-aided support system to assist physicians in segmenting urine cells is presented as a secondary tool. Classification accuracy for WBC, RBC, WBCC, Epithelial, Flat Epithelial, Mucs and Bubbles cells was calculated as 0.78, 0.94, 0.90, 0.57, 0.92, 0.68 and 0.97, respectively. A mean classification success of 0.822 was achieved for all classes. Thus, it has been seen that the Yolov7 model can be used by experts as a tool for recognizing cells in the urine sediment. As a result, it has been shown that suitable deep learning models can be used to recognize the biometric properties of urinary sediment cells. With the model created using deep learning libraries, urine sediment cells can be easily classified, and it is possible to define many different cells if there is a dataset with sufficient number of images.

Profil mikroskopis sedimen urin pada kondisi glukosuria di Laboratorium Klinik Prodia, Banda Aceh

Background: Laboratory examination of urine (urinalysis) is crucial in establishing various diagnoses. Urine examination can be done through macroscopic examination, including color, clarity, and microscopic examination of urine sediment (U-sed) and urine chemical examination such as glucose. Urine sediment is insoluble elements such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, thorax, bacteria, crystals, fungi, and parasites originating from the blood, kidneys, and urinary tract. Glucosuria is a condition where glucose is found in the urine, and when excessive >180 mg/dL can experience hyperglycemia, the impact is to damage the capillary blood vessels in the kidneys. U-sed is used to identify sediment elements that can be used to detect kidney and urinary tract abnormalities.Objectives: This study aims to determine the U-sed profile in glucosuria at Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Banda Aceh.Methods: Descriptive research using an experimental design and analyzing secondary data from patients with glucosuria and referred for U-sed examination at Prodia Clinical Laboratory, Banda Aceh Branch. The study was conducted in Mai 2022, with a total sample size of 24 respondents. Microscopic examination U-sed data was processed in stages starting from editing, coding, entry, and cleaning data. Data were only analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution.Results: The results of the study of the U-sed profile in patients with glucosuria conditions were abnormal flat epithelial cells (50,0%), the occurrence of leukocyturia (67,7%), the occurrence of hematuria (70,8%), and other sediments that were above normal only 25,0% of patients. Thus, the U-sed profile in patients with glucosuria conditions may be pathological such as infection, inflammation, and stones in the urinary tract.Conclusion: Some of the MSU profile data in patients who performed laboratory examinations at Prodia Banda Aceh showed above-normal threshold values, such as the data of flat epithelial cells, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and some other sentiments that were above normal had a low frequency. Patients who perform urine tests are at risk of infection and inflammation of the urinary tract and even the risk of kidney stones.

Rare presentation of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) as an appendicular lump: A case report

The prevalence of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) is about 0.2%-0.3% in the specimens of the appendix. The LAMN may appear unremarkable or can present as mucin-filled, crystally dilated tissues. The diagnosis of early-stage AMN is mostly incidental. It is of vital importance to know the features of LAMN for a timely diagnosis. A 46-year-old male came with the complaint of right iliac fossa swelling along with severe intensity pain and a single episode of vomiting. A 4×4cm tender, soft, cystic, mobile swelling was found upon the examination. Contrast-enhanced Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed the appendix diameter of 10mm well-circumscribed cystic measuring 2.1×2 cm. Therefore, an open resection surgery was performed. The histopathological report revealed an intraepithelial lesion composed of flat mucinous epithelial cells having eosinophilic cytoplasm and low-grade nuclear atypia. The AMNs are very rare neoplasms. The imaging modalities that can be diagnostic methods are abdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography (US), and abdominal computed tomography (CT). The low-grade features of the appendiceal mucinous neoplasms have the possibility of recurrence. The CT-scan findings of appendiceal lump>1.3cm along with cystic dilation and the calcification of the wall are the suggestive features of AMN. There is a high chance of dissemination and port site seeding in case of pneumoperitoneum. This rare case suggests the significance of adding AMNs as a differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain and choosing the right approach to treat such patients to avoid complications.

Biliary cystadenoma in an 8-year-old Caucasian bitch

Biliary cystadenoma is reported in an 8-year-old female Caucasian dog diagnosed by gross and microscopic examination. The gross lesion observed during postmortem examination on the liver was a 3×2cm cream-coloured raised nodule that extended into the parenchyma and another 2×4cm cyst filled with mucoid fluid. Histopathology showed multiloculated cysts lined by columnar and occasionally flattened epithelial cells, with papillary projections into the lumens. These findings are discussed in the paper.

Histological study of Sweat gland in Cattle

The depth of sweat gland of the skin in non-lactating cow at lateral surface was found higher in the present study and pregnant cow showed higher sweat gland length at dorsal aspect of the body. Whereas width was more in lactating cow. The sweat gland were tubule acinar glands. The secretary saccules were either oval or elongated in shape. The secretary portions were lined with flat cuboidal epithelial cells. These glands were located deeply in the dermis below the sebaceous glands. The secretary material was observed in the lumen of these glands. The sweat glands were lined by simple cuboidal epithelium with a oval nuclei.

Immunohistochemical association with histological features of Hassall’s corpuscles in human fetal thymus

Background - Hassall’s corpuscles (HC) are balls of flattened medullary epithelial cells which are characteristic features of the thymus. Thymus is truly an ‘organ of mystery’ which has kept scholars in dark still continues to elucidate researchers till date. Aim- To study themicroscopic features of human fetal thymus along withthe differentiation and maturation process of the Hassall’s Corpuscles (HC) in human fetal thymus by using the immunohistochemical markers. Materials & Methods- Total 20 aborted and still born fetuses ranging from 17-39 weeks of gestation were used for the study. After embalming, meticulous dissection, thymusgland was weighed and fixed with formalin. The various histological and histometric parameters were observed. Another set of microscopic slides were subjected to immunohistochemical studies by staining with primary antibodies (Cytokeratin, S100 and Vimentin) to study the presence of epithelial, histiocytic and mesenchymal components in fetal thymus and to know the nature of differentiation of the Hassall’s corpuscles, epithelial reticular cells and dendritic cells in the fetal thymus. Observations & Results: Microscopic examination of serial section of thymus revealed few patterns of shapes of HC’s. Based on the morphological features, the corpuscles were classified as Solid Hassal Corpuscles (SHC), Cystic I (CHCI) and Cystic II(CHC II) and Degenerating(DHC). Epithelial cells of the HC were positive for cytokeratin which was less intensely positive in Solid Hassall Corpuscles (SHC) and intensely positive in primary and secondary cystic Hassall Corpuscles (CHC I and CHC II). The solid corpuscles (SHC) with homogenous mass were seen to be intensely positive whereas the central core in cystic varieties (CHC 1 & CHC II) seems to be less positive with S 100 (marker for dendritic cells, histocytes and keratinocytes). Vimentin is intermediate cytoplasmic proteins expressed in the cells of mesenchymal differentiation found negative in the complete sections studied. Conclusion:The various types of HC encountered with different structural morphology could represent a stage of maturation in the developmental process. Hence HCs’ were arranged in a sequential order of development stages within the age group of the present study. The presence of Solid Hassall’s Corpuscle at the periphery of the medulla and Degenerating Hassall’s Corpuscle(DHC) at the central core of the medulla confirms the direction of maturation is from the periphery to the center of the medulla. Hence there is gradual increase in the expression of cytokeratin from solid to cystic Hassall’s corpuscles. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 03 July’22 Page: 529-539

Epithelial cells adapt to curvature induction via transient active osmotic swelling.

SummaryGeneration of tissue curvature is essential to morphogenesis. However, how cells adapt to changing curvature is still unknown because tools to dynamically control curvature in vitro are lacking. Here, we developed self-rolling substrates to study how flat epithelial cell monolayers adapt to a rapid anisotropic change of curvature. We show that the primary response is an active and transient osmotic swelling of cells. This cell volume increase is not observed on inducible wrinkled substrates, where concave and convex regions alternate each other over short distances; and this finding identifies swelling as a collective response to changes of curvature with a persistent sign over large distances. It is triggered by a drop in membrane tension and actin depolymerization, which is perceived by cells as a hypertonic shock. Osmotic swelling restores tension while actin reorganizes, probably to comply with curvature. Thus, epithelia are unique materials that transiently and actively swell while adapting to large curvature induction.

Cytomorphological study of the health status of Stepnogorsk city’s population

The article evaluates the cytomorphological state of the rhinocytogram and buccal epithelium of the population living in the territory of Stepnogorsk, which is affected by adverse environmental factors. Cytomorphological research methods were used to determine the cytological state of the nasal cavity and mucous membranes in the population on the territory of Stepnogorsk. The obtained cytomorphological results revealed changes in the structural elements that perform the functions of a protective barrier as an integral part of the mucociliary system on the rhinocytogram and the BESCH cytogram. In the population living in Stepnogorsk, an increase in the number of flat epithelial cells damaged by the nasal mucosa by 17.1 times, by 14.1 times-in the affected cuboid and cylindrical epithelial cells, respectively, as well as an increase in the number of epithelial cells with apoptotic bodies in the buccal epithelium by 5.9 times, cells with a sign of karyorrhexis by 2.2 times, dual-core cells by 6.8 times reveal violations of the reparative process of the upper respiratory tract and contribute to the development of chronic pathology. Thus, noninvasive cytomorphological examination of smears of the nasal mucosa and buccal epithelium of the cheeks in residents living in ecologically unfavorable areas revealed the early manifestation of metabolic and pathogenetic changes.

Abstract PD11-04: A multi-feature AI-based solution for cancer diagnosis in breast biopsies: A prospective blinded multi-site clinical study

Abstract Objective This study aimed to clinically validate the performance of a multi-feature AI-based solution on detection of invasive versus in situ carcinomas and in situ ductal carcinoma high grade from atypical ductal hyperplasia/low grade DCIS compared to rigorous ground truth (GT) established by multiple blinded expert pathologists in breast biopsies. Design Performance of the AI solution was prospectively tested on breast biopsies from two medical institutions in different geographies. AI results were compared against the ground truth (GT) established by consensus of two subspecialist breast pathologists. The study endpoints were detection of invasive carcinoma (IDC, ILC) and DCIS/ADH, including differentiating between different DCIS grades and ADH. ADH and DCIS Low Grade were pooled together because of similar clinical management when diagnosed on a biopsy. Results Six pathologists participated in the study and reported on 436 breast biopsies (841 H&E slides), including 156 invasive (including 31 rare subtypes), 135 DCIS/ADH and 145 benign diagnoses. The AI solution demonstrated high performance when compared with the GT with an AUC of 0.99 for the detection of invasive carcinoma (specificity and sensitivity of 93.6% and 95.5% respectively) and with AUC of 0.95 for the detection of DCIS/ADH. The AI solution differentiated well between subtypes/grades of invasive and in-situ cancers with an AUC of 0.97 for IDC vs. ILC and AUC of 0.92 for DCIS high grade vs. low grade/ADH, respectively. Only 11 (7%) cases had discrepancies on invasive diagnosis, 4 of these between invasive versus benign diagnosis encompassing one case on which the invasive component was only represented by rare lympho-vascular invasion, two cases of ILC (one with a diffuse pattern and the second in a case with granulomatous mastitis with multinucleated giant cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages) and one rare case of tubular carcinoma surrounded by flat epithelial atypia and columnar cell lesions. Fifteen cases (11%) had discrepancies on DCIS/ADH diagnosis between the two specialist pathologists necessitating a third assessment by a specialist to establish GT. Six of these cases also necessitated a review on a multihead microscope to reach a consensus decision, since there was no majority even after 3 reviews. Conclusion This blinded multi-site study reports the successful clinical validation of a multi-feature AI-based solution in detecting and automatically imparting clinically relevant diagnostic parameters regarding invasive and in situ breast carcinoma, offering an important tool for computer-aided diagnosis in routine pathology practice. Citation Format: Anne Vincent-Salomon, Guillaume Bataillon, Alona Nudelman, Judith Sandbank, Anat Albrecht Shach, Lucie Thibault, Lilach Bien, Rachel Mikulinsky, Ira Krasnitsky, Ronen Heled, Chaim Linhart, Manuela Vecsler, Daphna Laifenfeld. A multi-feature AI-based solution for cancer diagnosis in breast biopsies: A prospective blinded multi-site clinical study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD11-04.

Effect of CLA supplementation on factors related to vascular dysfunction in arteries of orchidectomized rats

The vascular endothelium is a monolayer of flat epithelial cells located between the circulating blood and the underlying connective tissue. It conveys key functions that when impaired, lead to endothelial dysfunction. This condition is responsible for the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. The cardioprotective effect of sex hormones is widely known; hence, a murine orchidectomized model has been employed to study the effects caused by their deficiency. In the search for approaches to maintain vascular health, the effect of dietary fatty acids as CLA on cardiovascular diseases has been studied. Some proven beneficial properties of CLA are antioxidant, antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a diet supplemented with 1.8 % (w/w) of CLA, administered during eight weeks, on the amount of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) produced by orchidectomy and on factors related to vascular dysfunction in the aorta and the mesenteric arteries. The diet with CLA prevented the increase in prostanoids formation and maintained the normal physiological conditions of NO and antioxidant activity. In addition, it prevented the increase in cholesterol and COPs at the vascular wall. CLA-supplemented diet prevented the orchidectomy-induced alterations on prostanoids, NO and COPs and also improved the antioxidant activity. These findings could contribute to understand the mechanisms of actions of CLA involved in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Особенности мазков Папаниколау у женщин репродуктивного периода жизни с папилломавирусом 16, 18

Introduction. According to modern data, cervical diseases do not occur by chance. Precancerous lesions vary from person to person and become invasive over time. The need for specific diagnostic methods for early detection of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age always remains relevant. Over the years, numerous diagnostic, cytological and histological studies have been carried out to identify malignant lesions of the cervix. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread sexually transmitted infection that affects both women and men around the world and plays an important role in the development of cervical disease. It is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the United States of America. For the first time in 1942, Papanicolaou emphasized the possibility of using smears (PAP smears) from the cervix and from the vagina to diagnose cervical disease. PAP preparations of smears are mainly multilayered flat epithelial cells of the ectocervix and vagina, endocervical cylindrical cells, including mononuclear and polynuclear inflammatory cells that enter the vagina through diapedesis from the surface of the epithelial layer, mixing with the mucoid fluid produced by the endocervical epithelial fluid. Purpose — using objective criteria for cytological examination to identify neoplastic changes in the cervix. Materials and methods. The study included 100 women of reproductive age (18–45 years old) during 2015–2020. Of these, 20 were in the control group (group I — control) and 80 — in the high-risk group for cervical cancer (group II — the main group). Group II women were also divided into 2 subgroups: II A — with pathology of the cervix (n=41), II B — without pathology of the cervix (n=39). The study included patients with a positive result on HPV 16/18 including patients whose PAP smears revealed intracellular damage. Pap smears were included in the study according to the following criteria. The smears contained a sufficient number of squamous epithelial cells and their integrity was preserved. Endocervical cells were monitored in all PAP smears. The examination was carried out with at least 5 cells in each, not completely, and with 2 clusters of endocervical glandular or squamous metaplastic cells. Squamous epithelial cells covered at least 10% of the preparation. Bloody, technically artifactic preparations without clinical data have not been studied. The deficit rate did not exceed 3%, and high interest rates on artifacts were not included in the study. Despite the small number of cells in the presence of abnormal cells, this was unequivocally considered sufficient. Results. Interpretation of PAP smear results identified n=35 ASCUS patients, n=24 LSIL, n=21 HSIL patients in the PAP smear positive reproductive age group. HPV serotypes 16.18 were found in 24 of these patients. In women of the II B subgroup, no pathological changes in the cervix were observed. Conclusions. In women of reproductive age with positive HPV 16, 18, for the diagnosis of precancerous diseases of the cervix, taking pap smears is an integral part of the study. As a result of the study, it was revealed that, despite the absence of a clinical picture, pathological changes at the cell level are detected. Key words: HPV16, 18, ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL, PAP.

Maturation stage enamel defects in Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (Odaph) deficient mice.

Mutation in Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) has been reported to cause recessive hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in human. However, the exact role of ODAPH in amelogenesis is still unknown. ODAPH was identified as a novel constituent of the atypical basal lamina located at the interface between maturation ameloblasts and the enamel by dual immunofluorescence staining of ODAPH and LAMC2. Odaph knockout mice were generated to explore the function of ODAPH in amelogenesis. Odaph-/- mice teeth showed severely attrition and reduced enamel mineralization. Histological analysis showed from transition or early-maturation stage, ameloblasts were rapidly shortened, lost cell polarity, and exhibited cell pathology. Abundant enamel matrix marked by amelogenin was retained. Temporary cyst-like structures were formed between flattened epithelial cells and the enamel from maturation stage to eruption. The integrity of the atypical basal lamina was impaired indicated by the reduced diffuse expression of LAMC2 and AMTN. The expression of maturation stage related genes of Amtn, Klk4, Integrinβ6 and Slc24a4 were significantly decreased. Our results suggested Odaph played vital roles during amelogenesis by maintaining the integrity of the atypical basal lamina in maturation stage, which may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of human AI.

Long non-coding RNA AK001903 regulates tumor progression in cervical cancer.

A majority of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, arising from the squamous (flattened) epithelial cells that line the cervix. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a unique class of messenger RNA-like transcripts of at least 200 nucleotides in length with no significant protein-coding capacity. Aberrant lncRNA expression is emerging as a major component of the cancer transcriptome. In the present study, lncRNA microarrays were conducted to investigate the differentially expression lncRNAs in cervical cancer (CC) tissues compared with peritumoral tissues. Then, the most significantly upregulated lncRNA, which was lncRNA-AK001903 was selected to conduct further experiments. Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate lncRNA-AK001903 expression in CC tissues and Hela, Siha, Ca Ski, C33a, H8 (HPV-immortalized cervical epithelial cell line) cell lines, and in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) was performed to detect lncRNA-AK001903 expression level in different CC stages. The effect of lncRNA-AK001903 on cell proliferation, invasion and migration was assessed after knockdown of lncRNA-AK001903. The findings of the study confirmed that lncRNA-AK001903 was upregulated in CC cells and tissues compared with normal cell line H8 and peritumoral tissues. ISHH demonstrated that the expression level of lncRNA-AK001903 was connected with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2018) stage of CC. Knockdown of lncRNA-AK001903 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration in Ca Ski cells. In conclusion, lncRNA-AK001903 was demonstrated to be an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes tumor progression and may be an effective target for CC treatment in the near future.

Correlation of E-Cadherin/Beta Catenin Expression with Localization in Squamous Epithelial Cell Carcinoma and Basal Cell Carcinoma

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; vücudun bazı bölgelerinde görülen yassı epitel hücreli karsinom vakalarında Ekadherin ve β-katenin düzeylerinin; hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, karsinomların yerleşim yeri ve tümör tipine göre değişip değişmediğini ortaya koymaktır. Materyal ve Metot: Retrospektif olarak yapılan bu çalışmanın örneklemini Ordu Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırma hastanesine müracaat eden ve deride yassı epitel hücreli karsinom tanısı almış olan 53 hastanın numuneleri oluşturdu. Numuneler E-kadherin ve β-katenin yönünden immünohistokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Hastaların yaş dağılımları arasında fark tespit edilmedi (p>0,05). β-katenin ve E- kadherin skorları; cinsiyet ve numunenin alındığı yerleşim yerine göre değişmemektedir (p değerleri sırasıyla; 0,129, 0,106 ve 0,259, 0,120). Tümör tipine göre ise β-katenin skorlarının değişmediği fakat E- kadherin skorlarının önemli oranda değiştiği belirlendi (sırasıyla p değeri; 0,721, 0,013). Sonuç: E-kadherin boyama şiddetinin patolojik tanı tipine göre değiştiği belirlendi. Örneklem genişliği büyütülerek yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalar sonuca önemli katkı sağlayacaktır.

Impressionable cytology method in diagnostics of dry eye syndrome.

Analysis of the cellular composition of the eyeball conjunctival prints and evaluation of the informative of the cytomorphological method of research in the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome (DES). Cytological examination using impression cytology was performed in 72 patients: 60 patients with DES and 12 without eye disease (control group). The main component of cytological sample in patients with DES are (a) squamous epithelium (hyperkeratocytes); (b) groups and clusters of flattened epithelial cells; (c) a small amount (up to five in the preparation) of goblet cells. Impression cytology method improves the accuracy of diagnosis of DES.

Multiple KRAS mutations in the non-mucinous epithelial lining in the majority of mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas are cystic neoplasms lined by mucinous lining epithelium (MLE) with associated ovarian-type stroma. Although a non-MLE (NMLE) can be observed in some MCNs, whether cystic neoplasms with ovarian-type stroma and NMLE should be classified as MCNs or separately designated is debated. To test this, NMLEs were defined as flat or cuboidal epithelial cells without intracytoplasmic mucin. A total of 112 MCNs were reviewed, and the epithelium was classified as NMLE or MLE. A total of 110 females and two males with a mean age of 46.5±12.3years were included in this study. At least focal NMLE was noted in 76.8% (86/112) of MCNs. The mean percentage of the neoplastic epithelium that was NMLE in these 86 cases was 46%. NMLE was predominant (>50%) in 38.4% (43/112) of cases. MCNs with NMLE were smaller (42±21mm) than those with MLE (60±36mm, P<0.001), and all NMLEs had low-grade dysplasia. Twelve MCNs with NMLE or MLE were selected for KRAS mutation analysis with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction after laser capture microdissection. All 12 MCNs showed multiple types of KRAS mutation, which were detected in 92% (11/12) of NMLE foci and 89% (8/9) of MLE foci. Predominant NMLE was common in small MCNs with low-grade dysplasia. Clonal KRAS mutations were observed in both NMLE and MLE, supporting the hypothesis that MCNs with NMLE should be classified as MCNs.