Flanders Interaction Analysis Category Research Articles

Teacher Talk Analysis in The Youtube Video "Differentiated Learning on Self-Introduction" From SMAN 1 Pangkalan Susu Through FIAC

This study analyzes teacher talk in the YouTube video "Differentiated Learning on Self-Introduction" from SMAN 1 Pangkalan Susu using the Flanders Interaction Analysis Category (FIAC) system. Teacher talk, which includes both direct and indirect verbal interactions, plays a critical role in fostering an engaging and effective learning environment. The research focuses on identifying patterns of teacher-student interactions that support differentiated learning, a method designed to cater to individual student needs. The results reveal that indirect talk, such as accepting feelings and giving encouragement, accounts for 60.87% of the interactions, while direct talk, like giving instructions and lecturing, constitutes 39.13%. This balance suggests a strong emphasis on student engagement through supportive communication, essential for differentiated learning environments.

Teacher-Students’ Classroom Interaction in Teaching Grammar with Interactive Learning Approach

In this study, classroom interactions during an interactive grammar learning process are analyzed. It attempts to explore the teacher's interaction strategies in teaching grammar using an interactive learning approach. Based on observation analysis using the Flanders Interaction Analysis Category (FIAC) to an English teacher and four volunteers learning English grammar, this study revealed that the teacher's interaction strategies in teaching grammar using interactive learning approach include activities like asking question, giving encouragement or praise, lecturing, and giving directions. Based on this study, the interactive learning approach can encourage students to participate in sharing their ideas during the learning process.

Analysis of Classroom Interaction Using Flander Interaction Analysis Categories System at Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State

This paper examined Classroom Interaction using Flanders’ Interaction Analysis Categories System at Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Rivers State. The purpose was to find out the percentage of the teachers’ and students’ talking time during classroom interaction and teacher-students characteristics during classroom interaction in Business Studies class at the College Demonstration Secondary School. The research adopted a descriptive qualitative research design. The study comprised of four teachers and 32 students of boys and girls which were purposively sampled. The observational and video recording techniques were deployed as instruments for data collection. The result found that teacher talk ratio was high, at 83.43%. Indirect teacher talk ratio was 53.37%. Moreover, direct teacher talk ratio was 31.06% while students talk ratio was 12.71% and silence or pause or confusion rate was 3.86%. The results further revealed that indirect talk was dominant than direct talk in the classroom conversation which indicated that most of the teaching-learning time was devoted to questions, lecturing and praises. The result of this research enhanced the knowledge of the teachers and Business Studies learners in the classroom. The implication was that both the teachers and students should have the willingness to participate in the classroom interaction for meaningful learning to take place. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System should be implemented during teachers education program to be reinforced at all levels in all the classes for enhanced performance.

CLASSROOM INTERACTION IN THE PANDEMIC: AN ANALYSIS USING FLANDERS INTERACTION ANALYSIS CATEGORIES SYSTEM

Classroom interaction is a relevant means of course content exchange among classroom interlocutors. Unquestionably, interaction between the teacher and the students became a challenge during the pandemic, especially that classes transitioned to the virtual format. In order to help address the problem, this descriptive research was conducted to describe science classroom interaction in tertiary education in the virtual format in the time of COVID-19 pandemic among 22 participants using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS). The thorough analysis using FIACS revealed that the virtual classroom interaction in the time of pandemic is highly teacher-centred. It was dominated by Teacher Talk, particularly Lecture/Lecturing, which indicates that teachers often act as sage on the stage who gives facts and explains ideas in the teaching and learning process. Also, the virtual classroom interaction was predominantly Content Cross and minorly student-focused which indicates teacher dependence on questions and lectures and least students’ involvement. In this setup, students become passive listeners of content for poor verbal involvement. This justifies the need to upskill teachers on online pedagogy and the use of virtual space, flexible learning interaction and the Art of Questioning to transform teacher-centred classroom interaction and instruction to a learner-focused classroom.

AN INVESTIGATION OF TEACHER-STUDENT VERBAL INTERACTION IN AN INDONESIAN EL CLASSROOM: A FLANDERS INTERACTION ANALYSIS CATEGORY (FIAC) SYSTEM

This study aims to investigate the nature and extent of classroom interactions using the Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS), a valuable tool for identifying, classifying, and monitoring verbal interaction in educational contexts. Specifically, the study seeks to analyze the interaction patterns between teachers and students, as well as the role of teachers in a public senior high school located in Medan, Indonesia. Participants in this qualitative inquiry included 36 eleventh-grade students and an English teacher. Utilizing an observation tally sheet, video recording, and interviews with the teacher and some students, the data were collected on the conversation between teacher and students during two 60-minute class meetings. The results reveal that the interactions that occur in the EFL class comprise a sum of 10 FIAC components. The pattern of interactions between teacher and students in the classroom is characterized by two-way communication. During classroom interaction, the role of the teacher encompasses that of a motivator, organizer, and prompter.

Class Interaction Analysis in English Learning Based On Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS)

The objective of this research is to describe the kinds of classroom interaction take place between teacher and student and describes what is the most dominant talk take place in classroom interaction based on the Flanders Class Interaction Analysis Category System (FIACS).This research used descriptive qualitative research. The data of this study are the interaction between teacher and students in the classroom. The data were taken by recording the classroom interaction. The subject of this research was 17 students and one English Teacher. The researcher used observation for techniques of collecting data. Flanders Interaction Analysis used to identify and analyze teacher and students interaction in classroom.Based on the result of this study, it could be concluded there are 10 categories of interaction, 7 categories of teacher talk, such as accepts feelings, praises or encourage, accepts or uses students ideas, asking question, lecturing, giving directions, criticizing or justifying authority; 2 categories of students talk namely students talk response and students talk initiation and 1 category of silence. The researcher concludes that the teacher was dominant in the classroom. It proved by the percentage of teacher talk was 58.70% than students talk was 30.34%, and the kinds of classroom interaction, the students participation was 30.34% has higher percentage than others and silence was 10.94%.

THE MALE LECTURERS TALK TOWARD THE FEMALE STUDENTS’ LEARNING MOTIVATION IN EFL CLASSROOM

The male lecturers talk toward the female students' learning motivation shows that lecturer’s talks by male lecturers have a very significant impact on the learning motivation of female students. This study aims to examine the types of lecturers talk used by male lecturers based on Flanders theory using FIAC (Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories) and their impact on female students' learning motivation. This study used a descriptive qualitative design, were collected data through observation and interviews. The instruments used in the observations were video recordings for three observation class meetings and the instruments used in the interviews were audio recordings. The result showed that from 7 types of lecturers talk, 6 types appeared. The type most often used by male English lecturers is the gives information. Meanwhile, the impact of lecturers talk on the learning motivation of female students is more likely to have an impact on the extrinsic motivation of students in the classroom such as, the desire to study the material voluntarily, be responsible, and good relations with lecturers. Thus, this study is expected to be references by which lecturers could consider the types of lecturers talk to be implemented to improve their students' motivation and interest during the classroom.

Through the Lens of Discourse Analysis: Transformational Leadership as a Leverage Point for Promoting Educational Sustainability

This exploratory qualitative study sought to understand the role of transformational leadership in promoting educational sustainability (ES) through examining three classroom critical incidents. For this undertaking, the study employed a quadratic method integrating four theories: Ethnomethodology (particularly indexicality and contextualization), Flanders’ Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC), Interactional Sociolinguistics (IS), and Transformational Leadership (TL). Two of the three incidents took place during face-to-face classes, while the third transpired online due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses of teachers’ TL and communication strategies were administered, and each respective event was unfolded, explored, and evaluated qualitatively through a bidirectional model designed by the researchers. Data were collected and the study revealed that teachers demonstrated varied levels of TL based on their perceptions of incidents, the awareness of their professional roles as leaders, and the linguistic choices they made. In addition, analyzing the results of teachers’ discourses, TL was demonstrated to be a leverage point for promoting educational sustainability. Proven to be an effective tool, the bidirectional model can be advocated by policy makers to help teachers assume their roles as leaders, and even to qualify them as leaders.

A Pragmatic Analysis of Flouting Maxims in Classroom Verbal Interaction as Seen in Freedom Writers Movie

Successful classroom verbal interactions will occur when both the teacher and the students intend to be cooperative conversational agents contributing to the conversation's aims. In Pragmatics, this underlying principle is called Grice’s conversational maxims. However, in the classroom, both sides often intentionally flout these conversational maxims. Thus, this research aimed to conduct a pragmatic analysis to investigate the types of Grice’s conversational maxims violated by the main character of Freedom Writers movie along with the categories of teacher’s verbal interactions found in that movie under Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS). Using the document analysis method, the researcher used the movie transcript as the primary document to be analyzed. The findings showed that the four maxims were violated intentionally for several reasons, including warning the students of the consequences of their actions, encouraging them, avoiding certain topics of discussion, and emphasizing important messages without blatantly stating them to the whole class, and avoiding hurting the students’ feelings. Meanwhile, under Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC), direct and indirect talks could be found in the movie. The result of this study can provide educators and pre-service teachers a glimpse of the importance of promoting appropriate classroom verbal interactions by analyzing the quality of classroom verbal interaction in terms of Grice’s Conversational Maxims and Flanders’ Interaction Analysis.

Exploring Indonesian EFL Classroom Interactions in an Online Setting

COVID-19 pandemic has brought a lot of changes in the education field – including the way teachers and students interact in the classroom. As a result, it is considered important for the Indonesian EFL teachers to explore and address this issue to make them familiar with the current pattern of interaction in the online classroom. With that knowledge, making the online teaching and learning effective is achievable. Even though a lot of studies have been conducted on similar topic, this study propose a different analysis by adapting the most prevalent framework in this topic – Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS) – into more focused categories for better understanding. This case study aimed at exploring the interaction in an online EFL classroom by utilizing FIACS as the main framework. The necessary data was collected through non-participant observation, with an English teacher and her seven grade students as the participants. The results of this study show that the online EFL classroom interaction was dominated by the teacher. It was caused by several reasons namely the passiveness of the students that led to more talking from the teacher and technological glitches. It caused the online meetings to be teacher-centered. As the teaching and learning medium changed, the pattern and characteristics of the interaction became unique. One of the notable uniqueness was the difficulty to oversee the online interactions between students.

Teacher-student interaction in English class at state senior high school in Banjarbaru

This study investigated the interaction happened in English class at State Senior High School 3 in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. English teacher and Class 11 students at Senior High school 3 in Banjarbaru were the research subjects. The object of the research was classroom interaction. Purposive sampling was used in determining the research sample. Flanders Interaction Analysis Category as an observation guide and interviews were used to collect the data in the class. The results indicate that two-way communication among teacher, student, and students occurred in English class. The findings revealed that teacher-talk was 42.79% and student-talk was 53.79%, while silence or confusion was 3.40%. It indicated that two-way communication between teacher and students occurred in English Class. It shows that students are the center of learning process and the students are active during English learning process. However, this study differs from previous studies as the Flanders Interaction Analysis Category used here was analyzed according to the perspectives of foreign language anxiety.

A Case Study of Chinese Students Learning Thai as a Foreign Language: Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System

Interaction in foreign language classrooms has been regarded as a key factor in enhancing learning outcomes (Allwright, 1984; Ginting, 2017; Hanum, 2016). This study examined interactions in a specific university classroom context in Thailand where 28 Chinese students were learning Thai as a foreign language with a Thai teacher. It employed a mix-method design. Quantitative data were gathered based on a modified Flanders’ model (Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System or FIACS), and the qualitative data were gathered from classroom observations. The analysis of 90-minute video records and field notes from the observations of three classes reveal the domination of teacher’s talk (77.59%), and the minimal students’ talk (6.16%). Besides, silence time occupies 16.25%. Out of the total of 22 categories of interaction, no student talk can be categorized as an initiation of talk, and no teacher talk can be categorized as procedural lectures and assigning homework. Characteristics of the interaction varied according to the quantity and categories of talk. Transcription of verbatim from the videos reveals details of the interaction. Findings suggest that quantity, category, and characteristics of talk are interrelated and must all be improved together to increase the quality of interaction to affect student learning outcomes.

An analysis of classroom interaction in speaking class

The purpose of this study is to find out the dominant category used by the teacher and the student during classroom interaction and to investigate which task that require the student to talk more. The study used a qualitative approach which included a case study. Naturalistic observation and encoding matrix were used to obtain the data. The data were examined using the FIACS (Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System) approach proposed by Flanders (1970) frameworks for forms of classroom interaction. The data demonstrated that both the teacher and the students used all of the FIACS system of interaction categories. The result of this study revealed that the dominant category applied by the teacher was Ask Question with the percentage 18.03% in the first meeting and 20.15% in the second meeting. In the other hand the dominant category used by students in the first and second meeting was Students-Talk Initiation with the percentage 38.52% and 49.71%. In addition, the classroom interaction is dominantly made by the students in the second meeting supported by discussion task. The percentage of Students Talk in the second meeting was 59.68%. Keyword: classroom interaction, FIACS (Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System), speaking class

An analysis of classroom interaction in speaking class

The purpose of this study is to find out the dominant category used by the teacher and the student during classroom interaction and to investigate which task that require the student to talk more. The study used a qualitative approach which included a case study. Naturalistic observation and encoding matrix were used to obtain the data. The data were examined using the FIACS (Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System) approach proposed by Flanders (1970) frameworks for forms of classroom interaction. The data demonstrated that both the teacher and the students used all of the FIACS system of interaction categories. The result of this study revealed that the dominant category applied by the teacher was Ask Question with the percentage 18.03% in the first meeting and 20.15% in the second meeting. In the other hand the dominant category used by students in the first and second meeting was Students-Talk Initiation with the percentage 38.52% and 49.71%. In addition, the classroom interaction is dominantly made by the students in the second meeting supported by discussion task. The percentage of Students Talk in the second meeting was 59.68%. Keyword: classroom interaction, FIACS (Flanders Interaction Analysis Category System), speaking class

Teacher and Student Talk in Learning Speaking Skill at SMA Bina Bersaudara Medan

This study aimed (1) to investigate the types of teacher and student talk in English classroom interaction and (2) to investigate the teacher and students’ reasons to use the types of categories in classroom interaction. This study focuses on analyzing the process of classroom interaction through Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS). This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research. It was conducted in SMA Bina Bersaudara Medan at the X-1 grade class. The instruments of the research were observation, recording and interview. The results of this study were (1) the types of teacher talk that occurred were praise or encourages, asking question, lecturing and giving direction. Furthermore, the types of student talk that occurred were response and silence or confusion. (2) There are four reasons why the teacher used the types of categories in classroom interaction, namely: the teacher used praise and encourage to make students feel appreciated, the teacher used asking question because the teacher want to improve students’ skill and to make students understood about the topic being discussed before getting into the next topic, the teacher used lecturing to make process of teaching and learning in the classroom to be successful, the teacher used giving direction because teacher wanted to know whether the students have understood about the material or not. There are two reasons why students used the types of categories in classroom interaction, namely: students respond to the teacher because they understood about the topic being discussed, the students wanted to try their ability and to know the extent of their knowledge about the topic, the students silence or confusion when the teacher asked question because the students didn’t understand the question given by the teacher, according to them the lesson is very difficult to understood, and they didn’t understand the topic being discussed.Keywords: Teacher Talk, Student Talk, Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS).

Teacher and Students’ Talk in Speaking Classroom Interaction

Classroom interactions are typical class situations where verbal contact is dominant, which means that the teacher has a significant impact on the students speaking ability. Classroom interaction and speaking ability have related to created interaction on teaching classroom process. This study purpose at analyzing the realization of classroom interaction especially teacher talk and students talk occurred during teaching speaking class. The data were taken from SMA Negeri 3 Seluma in the form of observation, interview, and documentation. The data then were analyzed by the framework adapted from Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC). The findings showed that the classroom interaction most dominant is the teacher while students during speaking class. It also described those teacher roles during classroom interaction as director, manager, and facilitator. The study recommends the teacher support students to actively speak when learning the classroom process. Finally, this study suggests a further study to find various frameworks in analyzing classroom interaction discourse which covers different abilities.

A Comparative Observation of Inclusive Education in Four Primary Schools in Taiwan

In Taiwan, the critical development of inclusive policy is linked to legislation around inclusion and the programs promoted by educational authorities and local governments in the 1990s. Although this previous educational reform ushered in a new era of inclusion, this type of educational campaign triggered various responses among stakeholders. This study aims to understand the experience of the implementation of inclusive programs implemented in four primary schools in Hsinchu City and County in north-west Taiwan, exploring inclusion-oriented school life in these institutes. The investigation of school-based inclusive practices is based on a qualitative approach such as the Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC) and entails a series of observations of inclusive activities in the four educational institutes under study. The results reveal that the inclusive environment is conducive to verbal interaction among teachers and students. It also indicates that inclusive programs place more weight on factors such as curriculum, teachers’ professional development, educational resources and the support system. In conclusion, the authors argue that the inclusive environment creates an educational and social position advantage among all students, both with and without disabilities. This paper offers international readers insights into how inclusive policy in Taiwan has created an ongoing dialogue between stakeholders and led to educational improvement.

VERBAL INTERACTION BETWEEN TEACHER AND STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM

This research was conducted in the tenth grade students in a senior high school in Bandung Barat. The purposes of this study are to identify the types of verbal interaction in the classroom based on Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC) and what is the impact to students’ speaking skill. This research used descriptive qualitative method. More specifically this research was classified as a case study. The instruments of this research used observation and interview. The data from observations were accompanied by Video recording. Then, transcribed into the written form. Observation data were processed into FIAC sheet and calculated to find the dominant type. Interview data were processed using descriptive qualitative. The findings of the research show that all types of verbal interaction based on Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC) were used by the teacher and students in the classroom. The type most often used is asking questions and student talk responses with a percentage of 26.34% at the first meeting and 22.12% at the second meeting. Then the students' talk response with a percentage of 28.14% at the first meeting and 34.62% at the second meeting. The results of the research with interviews stated that verbal interaction can help students develop a little in English speaking skills, especially on elements of pronciation, grammar and vocabulary.

An analysis on Teacher Talk using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC)

The problem of this research was some lecturers only used one categories of teacher talks. The aims of this study were to identify the characteristics and the categories of teacher talk in the classroom using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS). This study was case study design and qualitative method. The subject of this study was one novice and senior lecturer at IAIN Bengkulu. It used Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories System (FIACS) to analyze teacher’s talk. The researcher used observation and interview for collecting the data. The result both of novice and senior lecturer showed that the characteristics of teacher is content cross and the most frequent is indirect talk. The percentage of teacher characteristics of novice lecturer was 45% while the percentage of teacher characteristics of senior lecturer was 39%. Novice lecturer used asking question and lecturing as the most frequent in indirect and direct talks. The percentage of asking question and lecturing were 39% and 21.5%. In other sides, senior lecturer used asking question and giving direction as the most frequent in indirect and direct talks. The percentage of asking and giving direction were 27.5% and 18.5%. Nevertheless, the occurred categories happened naturally with the consideration of learning situation that takes place. In addition the analysis of teachers’ talk in the classroom would be beneficial for teachers to plan and conduct enhanced learning situation. It concluded teacher talks of novice and senior lecturer in the classroom using Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC).

BAHASA GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA JERMAN DI SMA

This article is a result of literature review that aims to explain teacher talk in context of teaching and learning German as a foreign language at senior high schools. Therefore, some relevant theories are studied, reviewed, compared and presented by the author in order to obtain the aims of this research. The result showed that teaching and learning German as a foreign language, German language should be applied by the students not only as a learning object but also as their daily practice. German language as the teacher talk has a broad influence towards students’ German learning outcomes. Based on the general purpose of teacher talk, which is to make the delivered message easily understood by the students, teachers use modified German language in teaching and learning process. In this case, teachers modify their language to fit the students’ German skill by considering the linguistic order such as simplifying sentences, talking slowly, making the clearer articulation, and using vocabulary that has been known by the students. To discover the tendency of German language used by teachers in class, it is necessary to analyze teacher talk. To analyze teacher talk we can use Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories (FIAC). It is one of the instruments of social interaction analysis.