Flammability Characteristics Of Materials Research Articles

An experimental study on flammability characteristics of materials on the premises of buildings of cultural and historical heritage

Introduction. Many cultural heritage sites have been converted into multifunctional buildings, which preserve original architectural and structural solutions but fail to comply with effective fire safety standards in many instants. In the event of fire, safe evacuation must be organized from the facilities, that may accommodate a large number of people at a time. Experimental studies are needed to identify the flammability characteristics of materials that can affect safe evacuation from cultural heritage premises.Goals and objectives. The co-authors suggest a study on the thermal destruction of historical materials, that have been aging in natural operating conditions. The analysis of gaseous products, emitted in the process of thermal destruction, is performed to identify the influence of ancient materials on formation of hazardous fire factors.Research methods. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the fire hazard indicators for various types of wood, used in the operation of the building, to obtain the reliable initial data, necessary to simulate the dynamics of hazardous fire factors (OFP) when calculating the time to the blocking of escape routes from the Winter Palace.Flammability properties of wood samples was identified with the support of the testing laboratory of the PB Research Centre at IKBS NRU MGSU. The studies, conducted using thermal analysis methods combined with IR spectroscopy, were carried out with the support from the laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “SEU FPS IPL” in St. Petersburg.Results and discussion. The analysis of the results of experiments on materials, has proven that during the thermal destruction of the test samples, regardless of the age and type of wood, acetic acid is released within a certain temperature interval for each sample along with the release of carbon dioxide, and it affects the parameters of fire hazard characteristics of materials.Conclusions. For the first time in Russia, products of thermal destruction of historical materials have been investigated. The data presented in the article illustrate the need for a further study on gaseous products emitted by historical materials during thermal decomposition. The data obtained by the co-authors can be used to determine the calculated values of the fire risk.

Relationship Between Blow-Off Behavior and Limiting Oxygen Concentration in Microgravity Environments of Flame Retardant Materials

The flammability characteristics of materials in microgravity are some of the most important factors for fire safety in space. It has been reported that the limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) in microgravity is different from that in normal gravity (LOC1g), which is measured by downward spread tests and is often used as an index of flammability. However, it is expensive and time consuming to conduct screening flammability tests in microgravity environments. Hence, it is necessary to develop a novel procedure for predicting the flammability of a material with data measured in normal gravity. In our previous study, we developed a simplified model for flame spread tests in opposed flow by scale analysis. Here, we present the flammability maps of several flame retardant materials in opposed flow obtained by ground-based blow-off tests and parabolic flight experiments, and the trends of the flammability maps are discussed with the developed model. Materials whose LOC increased monotonically with the opposed flow velocity and whose pyrolysis temperature was less than 823 K had a lower LOC in microgravity environments than in normal gravity; the other investigated materials showed larger LOC in microgravity than that in normal gravity. These trends were well explained by the simplified model, and the predicted limiting curve agreed quantitatively with the experimental result for thermally thin materials, which indicates the usefulness of the developed model.

Modification of the oxygen index test for better evaluation of the relative flammability

Fire and MaterialsVolume 5, Issue 1 p. 39-40 Note to the EditorFree Access Modification of the oxygen index test for better evaluation of the relative flammability P. Ševěček, P. Ševěček University of Mining (UŠB), Ostrava 70833, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorB. Filipi, B. Filipi University of Mining (UŠB), Ostrava 70833, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorI. Zapletalová, I. Zapletalová University of Mining (UŠB), Ostrava 70833, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this author P. Ševěček, P. Ševěček University of Mining (UŠB), Ostrava 70833, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorB. Filipi, B. Filipi University of Mining (UŠB), Ostrava 70833, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorI. Zapletalová, I. Zapletalová University of Mining (UŠB), Ostrava 70833, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1981 https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.810050107Citations: 7AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 D. E. Stuetz, B. P. Barnes, A. H. Di Edwardo and F. Zitomer, Polymer Flammability, University of Utah Flammability Conference (June 1970). 2 A. H. Di Edwardo et al. Correlation of Polymer Fuel composition with Burning and Non-Burning Conditions. Conference Series on Flammability Characteristics of Materials, University of Utah (1972). 3 G G. Arcand and W. J. Vullo, Text. Res. J. 42, 328 (1972). 4 R. M. Murch, New Small Scale Test Method for Cellular Plastics International Symposium on Fire Safety and Combustible Matter, University of Edinburgh, p. 333 (October 1975). Citing Literature Volume5, Issue1March 1981Pages 39-40 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Flammability tests, 1975: A review

The author identifies the numerous tests designed to describe the flammability characteristics of materials and discusses some of the more widely used ones.

Flammability Testing of Materials Currently used in Australia for Industrial and Cosmetic Eyewear*

Until recently, standards concerned with flammability testing of eyewear materials have been vague and inadequate. The International Standards Organization (ISO) In 1968 produced a draft for Non-optical Aspects of Eye Protectors. This includes a comprehensive test for flammability testing of frame and lens materials which has subsequently been incorporated into current Australian Standard specifications for Industrial Eye Protectors. This study was conducted to investigate flammability characteristics of materials currently used in the manufacture of frame and lens materials for industrial and cosmetic eyewear in Australia. Procedures were carried out according to ISO recommendations. Results and implications of the tests are discussed. The conclusion is reached that materials currently used in Australia for protective and cosmetic eyewear — with the exception of cellulose nitrate, which is rarely used — comply with ISO and hence Australian flammability standards.

Fire Retardance of Polymeric Materials

ABSTRACT The flammability characteristics of natural and synthetic polymeric materials is of broad interest with particular aspects including intumescent coatings, fibers and fabrics, reinforced plastics, elastomers, cellular plastics, and ablative materials. Rapid expansion of plastics in wearing apparel, draperies, carpeting, automotive and aircraft components, and in allied consumer industries, makes it imperative that a better understanding of the flammability characteristics of materials be gained.