Flame Treatment Research Articles

Optimization of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Ex Benth. Seed Germination Using Pretreatment Analysis

Agroforestry resources play a crucial role in conserving biodiversity, stabilizing soils and improving the livelihoods of rural populations. This study investigates the impact of different treatments on the germination of Acacia auriculiformis, an important tree species for soil restoration in Côte d'Ivoire. The work was carried out at the University Jean Lorougnon GUEDE in Daloa. The seeds used for this work were subjected to four treatments, including a control (T0); those soaked for 3 days in ordinary water (T1); a hot water treatment at 60°C (T3); a boiling water treatment at 100°C and a flame treatment (T4). A randomized block design consisting of four treatments in three blocks. The results showed that seed treatment in hot water at 100°C until cooling gave the best germination percentages and germination speed. The results also showed that soaking the seeds in water for three days produced seedlings with the shortest germination time. The study underlines the importance of pregermination for the selection of better-performing varieties and the implementation of effective reforestation programs. It also highlights the need for further research into the impacts of climate change on tree germination and growth. However, for a better policy of extension, production and improvement of this endangered forest species of socio-economic interest, mastery of the requirements of this species while maintaining optimal conditions for its germination in the nursery is more necessary.

Enhancing wetting and adhesion of stainless steel (SS304) surfaces with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet treatment

Enhancing the adhesion of coatings to metallic surfaces can be achieved through decontamination and increased surface energy. Among the various techniques used for functionalizing metallic surfaces, such as chemical etching, laser etching, flame treatment, and ultraviolet radiation; dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma stands out as a promising option. It offers low-power, cost-effective, room-temperature operation and provides treatment with minimal alteration of subsurface properties. This study investigates using a DBD plasma jet to increase the treatment area, surface wettability, organic decontamination, and paint adhesion on stainless steel (SS304). The impact of different plasma treatments and aging times on the liquid contact angles and corresponding surface energies are experimentally examined. The results indicate that the surface energy of SS304 increases with treatment time. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements are carried out to correlate this increase in surface energy to an increase in oxide bonds and decontamination of organic species, resulting in surface activation. However, it is observed that the plasma-treated surfaces exhibit no significant alterations in surface morphology, as confirmed through analyses of surface roughness and micro-hardness. Cross-hatch adhesion tests are carried out to demonstrate that the plasma surface treatment results in a significant improvement in surface adhesion to external coatings. Furthermore, the study evaluates the impact of DBD plasma jet treatment speed and dose on coating adhesion, providing valuable insights for making a trade-off between treatment quality and energy efficiency. The findings could extend the applicability of the DBD plasma jet to various areas, including anti-fogging surfaces, water harvesting, paints and coatings, and organic decontamination of surfaces.

Comparative study of plasma, laser, and flame induced activation of HDPE liner surfaces of type 4 hydrogen vessels

ABSTRACT In our study, we compare the surface modifications of coarse HDPE surface induced by atmospheric air plasma, CO2 laser, and flame treatments. An order of WCA decrease of air plasma>flame>CO2 laser methods was detected. The improvement in adhesion strength measured 5 days after the activations followed the same trend. FT-IR and EDS proved that different oxygen compounds were formed after treatments, resulting in increased polar component of the total surface energy. Flame activation showed a saturation character regarding the O-moiety. Hydrophobic recovery showed a linear behavior, with a larger decreasing slope for the polar component than the total surface energy. Plasma treatments induced higher recovery rate; however, restore was not complete here either. The effects of the different CO2 irradiation intensities were nonlinear; SEM and roughness measurements revealed surface ablation or structure formation on the different samples, while after plasma and flame treatment a hilly microtexture appeared. With different mechanisms and intensities, all the tested methods are suitable for increasing the adhesion strength on HDPE surfaces.

Effects of Mulching and Flaming on Weed Control and Almond Growth in a Newly Established Almond Orchard

This study was conducted in a newly established (2-year-old) almond orchard to investigate the effects of five different mulching materials (woven and nonwoven fabric, black and white polyethylene, almond shell) and flame treatments applied at two different frequencies (FL20 and FL30) on weed control and almond growth compared with those of conventional herbicide (glyphosate) application and weedy control. Thus, this study included nine different treatments. The impacts of these treatments on weed density and coverage were periodically monitored. Additionally, the biomass of the weeds was measured at the end of the season to evaluate the effects of the treatments. Because the almond orchard was not yet in the economic fruit-bearing stage, the effects of the treatments were examined in terms of parameters that characterize almond growth, such as plant height, trunk diameter, shoot length, and shoot thickness. The chlorophyll content and water potential values of the trees were also determined. The results of this two-season study indicated that synthetic mulches provided the best outcomes in terms of weed control and almond growth. No weed emergence was observed throughout the season in any of the synthetic mulch treatments. Although almond shells used as organic mulch were highly effective for blocking sunlight, they failed to prevent the growth of some vigorously growing perennials such as Cynodon dactylon and Sorghum halepense that emerged from gaps. Flame treatments demonstrated rapid and effective results; however, they were less successful against the aforementioned monocot perennial weeds and required frequent repetition because of the lack of residual effects. Glyphosate, an herbicide that is commonly used in conventional orcharding, was applied five times throughout the experiment and proved effective weed management compared with that of the weedy control. However, considering the increasing herbicide resistance, environmental and health issues, and growing interest in organic almond cultivation, synthetic mulch applications have emerged as good options. Despite the initially higher establishment costs, synthetic mulches effectively controlled weeds and reduced water stress, thereby promoting almond tree growth.

Regeneration of Antifog Performance of Laser-Induced Copper-Based Micro-Nano Structured Surfaces by Rapid Thermal Treatment.

In this investigation, the laser marker ablation technique was employed on Cu-coated glass to fabricate micro-nanostructured antifog glass. The resulting surfaces exhibited a quasi-periodic micron hillock-hollow structure with dispersed nanoparticles distributed throughout, which played a role in the antifog property and superhydrophilicity. However, airborne organic pollutant deposition degraded the superhydrophilicity of ablated glass surfaces and, therefore, their antifog performance, which cannot be circumvented. Conventionally, furnace annealing for at least 1 h was used to decompose the organic pollutants and restore the superhydrophilicity, limiting the throughput and application scenario. Remarkably, the rapid regeneration of this property was achieved through either a 5 min rapid thermal treatment at 400 °C or a 1 s flame treatment. These are interventions that are hitherto unreported. Such short and simple treatment methods underscore the potential of laser-ablated glass for diverse practical applications.

One-second regeneration of superhydrophilicity and antifog performance of laser induced tungsten based micro-nano structure by flame treatment

In this study, hierarchical micro-nano structured glass surfaces were produced by a cost effective laser marker ablation of tungsten-coated glass. The treated surface demonstrated a water contact angle of 0°, achieved and maintained remarkable antifog performance over 13 months without apparent degradation, which had rarely been reported. Remarkably, a one-second flame treatment fully restored the superhydrophilicity and antifog properties, an intervention not previously reported. Such structure also showcased exceptional self-cleaning property. Wenzel model could not explain the suboptimal hydrophilicity of highly rough surfaces, underscoring the necessity for a new model. The area density of capillary force used to estimates water spreading capability on a surface was proposed as a criterion for assessing the strength of hydrophilicity, aligning with preliminary experimental results.

Sustainable Manufacturing of Multifunctional Fluorine-Free Superslippery Flexible Surfaces.

Surface contamination and friction result in significant energy losses with widespread environmental impact. In the present work, we developed fluorine-free super-slippery surfaces employing environmentally friendly and simple biofuel-based flame treatment of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Through a unique combination of processing parameters, highly transparent (>90%) and flexible films were engineered with omniphobic, anti-icing, and ultra-low friction properties. The processed films showed an extremely low tilting angle (<5°) and contact angle hysteresis (<4°) against different liquids, even under subzero temperatures. The coefficient of friction (COF) reduced to 0.01 after processing compared to ∼1 for PDMS. Extremely low ice adhesion of <20 kPa and enhanced freezing time ensured anti-icing behavior. The exceptional multidimensional traits were derived from the extremely stable silicone lubricant layer ensured by the hierarchically structured wrinkles. Wind tunnel tests showed that an air drag velocity of less than 0.5 m/s was sufficient to initiate droplet motion, highlighting low interfacial friction that leads to an anti-staining nature. Sustaining the self-cleaning and anti-staining characteristics, the processed surface showed utmost durability under different harsh conditions. The super-slippery surfaces with multifunctional characteristics fabricated through a sustainable route can be effectively used for various engineering and industrial applications.

Towards Sustainability: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Durable Anti-Icing Superhydrophobic Surfaces.

The growing interest in flexible superhydrophobic surfaces extends beyond various practical applications like solar panels, flexible electronics, etc. This study introduces a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method to create a durable, flexible, and optically semi-transparent superhydrophobic film with an extreme anti-icing character. The prestrained polydimethylsiloxane film subjected to biofuel-based flame treatment under controlled conditions induces microwrinkles with a superimposed cluster of nanoparticles while maintaining surface flexibility and transparency. This meticulous process enhances surface roughness, achieving superhydrophobic characteristics (θ > 165˚) with a remarkably low tilting angle (<3˚) with adhesion against water <2µN (lower than Lotus leaf). The films applied over solar panels result in <1% voltage drop within 5s due to effective cleaning under simulated rain. The remarkable anti-icing performance of the developed film is characterized by ice adhesion <25kPa over 50 icing/de-icing cycles attributed to the presence of nanoclusters. The films displayed exceptional resilience and sustained efficacy under prolonged exposure to harsh external environments. These superhydrophobic films, characterized by flexibility, durability, and transparency, present promising opportunities for fabricating structures, even with intricate geometries. These findings imply a significant stride in the practical utilization of superhydrophobic surfaces, demonstrating their potential in diverse real-world applications.

Comparative study of surface preparation for paint adhesion on CF-PEKK composites: Plasma, Chemical, and Flame treatment

Polyether ketone-ketone (PEKK) is a high-performance thermoplastic, and its fiber composites have various engineering applications. Fiber reinforced composites in long-term applications require a protective layer of coatings to avoid environmental degradation. In this work, the surface energy of carbon fiber-PEKK composites was modified by flame, chemical, and plasma treatments to improve paint adhesion. A detailed study was carried out to understand the physical, morphological, and chemical surface characteristics due to different surface treatments. We found through XPS that highly active surface functionalities (− C-Ȯ/−C = Ȯ) due to oxidation at the ketone/ether groups were for surface adhesion. In support of the enhanced surface functionality, we have also evaluated the wetting behavior of paint with respect to different treated surfaces using drop shape analyzer and found that the polar component of the surface free energy increased for all treatments compared to pristine. Surface crystallinity after surface treatment was assessed using XRD; flame and plasma showed reduced surface crystallinities (25.92 % and 38.18 %, respectively), compared to pristine (46.78 %), and yielded a good adherend for coatings. Surfaces with good wettability and functionalities show good adhesion between the paint and PEKK composites as found through adhesion tests following ASTM D3359. The findings demonstrate that plasma surface treatment outperformed flame and chemical treatments in terms of adhesion of the paint to the surface.

Structural Optimization of Scarfing Machine with Acceleration Profile and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Approach

Scarfing is a type of flame treatment used to improve the quality of metal generated during steelmaking. It employs the principles of gas cutting to remove impurities and defects. Due to the high-temperature conditions and the need for uniform metal treatment, mechanical scarfing performed via a frame is preferred over manual hand scarfing. To achieve stable mechanical scarfing, a properly designed frame is essential. Generally, while using more material can create stable equipment, it also increases costs. Therefore, this study proposed a design method that selects an acceleration profile to minimize the shock on the frame during scarfing equipment operation while using a multi-objective genetic algorithm to minimize weight and maximize rigidity. Because modifying existing scarfing equipment based on the optimization results would incur additional costs and time, pre-optimizing through simulation before equipment fabrication is crucial. Optimization was achieved via the dimensional optimization of the existing frame equipment. As a result, the weight of each part and the deformation decreased by an average of 17.05 kg and 3.93%, respectively.

Rapid Surface Reconstruction of In2S3 Photoanode via Flame Treatment for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance.

Surface reconstruction, reorganizing the surface atoms or structure, is a promising strategy to manipulate materials' electrical, electrochemical, and surface catalytic properties. Herein, a rapid surface reconstruction of indium sulfide (In2S3) is demonstrated via a high-temperature flame treatment to improve its charge collection properties. The flame process selectively transforms the In2S3 surface into a diffusionless In2O3 layer with high crystallinity. Additionally, it controllably generates bulk sulfur vacancies within a few seconds, leading to surface-reconstructed In2S3 (sr-In2S3). When using those sr-In2S3 as photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting devices, these dual functions of surface In2O3/bulk In2S3 reduce the charge recombination in the surface and bulk region, thus improving photocurrent density and stability. With optimized surface reconstruction, the sr-In2S3 photoanode demonstrates a significant photocurrent density of 8.5mA cm-2 at 1.23V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), marking a 2.5-fold increase compared to pristine In2S3 (3.5mA cm-2). More importantly, the sr-In2S3 photoanode exhibits an impressive photocurrent density of 7.3mA cm-2 at 0.6V versus RHE for iodide oxidation reaction. A practical and scalable surface reconstruction is also showcased via flame treatment. This work provides new insights for surface reconstruction engineering in sulfide-based semiconductors, making a breakthrough in developing efficient solar-fuel energy devices.

UVC Irradiation as a Surface Treatment of Polycarbonate to Generate Adhesion to Liquid Silicone Rubber in an Overmolding Process.

This study investigates the adhesion properties of polycarbonate (PC) and liquid silicone rubbers (LSR) through surface activation using ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation. While self-adhesive LSRs adhere easily to certain thermoplastic composites such as polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyamides (PAs), bonding to PC typically requires surface treatment due to the lack of compatible functional groups. Previous methods like plasma or flame treatment have been effective, but the use of UVC radiation for surface activation remains unexplored. Through experiments, it was found that UVC surface activation, particularly with ozone-generating lamps, significantly enhances the peel strength between PC and self-adhesive LSRs. The study evaluates the impact of different irradiation times and lamp configurations on peel resistance, surface energy, and composite stability. Results show that UVC/ozone (wavelengths 254 nm and 185 nm) activation increases peel resistance, with distinct differences observed between LSR types. Additionally, the study examines the stability of UVC activation over time and under various storage conditions, highlighting its effectiveness for up to 36 months at room temperature. Furthermore, the relationship between surface energy and peel strength is analyzed, finding that UVC/ozone activation increases surface energy but does not consistently correlate with improved adhesion. The study concludes with a comparison of UVC/ozone activation to alternative surface treatment methods, emphasizing its advantages such as cost-effectiveness and stability while considering limitations regarding substrate compatibility and occupational safety aspects. Overall, UVC/ozone surface activation presents a promising approach for enhancing adhesion in PC-LSR composite systems and holds potential for applications across various industries.

The effects of seed enhancements on plant establishment in native grasses: A meta‐analysis

AbstractQuestionsNative grasses are widespread with high commercial value and demand across the restoration sector, though their uptake is often hampered by seed‐use challenges. Seed enhancement technologies (SETs) provide a valuable tool for improving plant establishment outcomes for species (such as native grasses) where seed‐based approaches are essential to achieve large‐scale targets. However, due to the increased investment in resources and time associated with application of SETs, their adoption is dependent on the ability of these treatments to consistently provide benefits to one or more demographic life stages, particularly under field conditions. This meta‐analysis addresses the following research question: what are the overall effects of SETs on plant establishment outcomes compared to untreated florets or seeds in native grasses globally?LocationGlobal.MethodsThe effects of six major SET categories (acid treatment, coating, pelleting, flash flaming, priming, and treatment combinations) on germination, emergence, and shoot and root length and biomass were explored. Furthermore, the consistency of the effects of SETs across study types (i.e., laboratory, glasshouse, and field) was investigated.ResultsThe overall effects of SETs on native grasses in this meta‐analysis were positive for germination (16% improvement), emergence (22% improvement), and growth (6.42–8.86 cm and 2.26–2.77 g increase in seedling length and biomass, respectively). However, effects ranged from neutral to positive when data were grouped by SET type, with coating, pelleting and priming delivering consistent benefits across multiple life stages, and acid treatments, flash flaming, and combination treatments having mixed effects. This analysis also provided evidence that benefits observed from SET application in laboratory and glasshouse studies are not translating to field environments.ConclusionsOverall, SETs generally had positive effects and can therefore provide a relatively low‐risk approach to improving seed‐based restoration outcomes in native grasses. Continued SET research focussed on long‐term plant establishment outcomes in field environments is needed to further advance SET uptake.

The effect of flame treatment on the compressive strength of composite sandwich panels made of pure epoxy resin H‐shaped structures and hollow glass bead/epoxy resin composite material

AbstractAt present, syntactic foam composites (HGB/EP) made of epoxy resin (EP) and hollow glass beads (HGBs) have received extensive attention in the research field of lightweight materials because of their high compression strength‐to‐density ratio. However, the deep‐sea environment has put forward higher requirements for the compressive properties of materials. The traditional sandwich structure with HGB/EP as the core has gradually failed to meet the requirements for the mechanical properties of equipment deeper in the ocean. This paper proposes a sandwich structure comprising a pure EP H‐shaped structural component as the rigid skeleton and an HGB/EP syntactic foam composite as the lightweight filling component. The pure EP H‐shaped structural component was subjected to flame treatment using a butane flame jet at different distances. The compression resistance of the resulting sandwich structure was tested, and the results showed varying degrees of improvement in compressive strength after flame treatment. The effects of flame treatment on the surface adhesion performance of the pure EP were characterized using compression‐shear tests, optical microscopy, contact angle tests, infrared spectroscopy, and flame temperature tests. The results demonstrated that flame treatment at a distance of 0 cm significantly increased the oxygen‐containing functional groups on the surface of the pure EP, improved the wettability of the pure EP surface, increased the adhesive strength between the pure EP H‐shaped structural component and HGB/EP, and enhanced the compressive strength of the sandwich structure. The shear strength of the shear test specimens improved by 33.0%, while the compressive strength of the sandwich structure specimens increased by 17.5%.Highlights The sandwich structure composed of pure epoxy resin H‐shaped structure and foam composite material was prepared. The distance of flame treatment affects the surface chemical groups of epoxy resin. Flame treatment significantly improved the surface wettability of epoxy resin.

Fabrication of superhydrophobic (CuO-SiO2) nanocomposite coating for oil/water separation

ABSTRACT The presence of oil-contaminated water due to oil spill disasters or improper industrial waste dumping is now a worldwide danger to both human health and the sustainability of the environment.The use of superhydrophobic materials has attracted considerable attention in the field of oil-water separation, owing to the increasing demand for effective and economical oil-water separation techniques.A new, easy, and inexpensive flame treatment method was used to make a nanocomposite (CuO-SiO2) in order to improve its hierarchical structure (micro-nano).The anodisation process produced copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures (NSs) on a copper mesh. Subsequently, the nanostructures were modified by dip coating with a solution of room-temperature vulcanised silicone rubber (RTV-SR).The coated mesh demonstrated remarkable characteristics of superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity, with a water contact angle (WCA) of (160 ± 1 ° ) and an oil contact angle (OCA) of (0 ° ), as determined during the measurement of the surface’s wetability. The coated mesh surface was characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).The successful separation of kerosene-water and diesel oil-water mixtures is accomplished by using a coated mesh in a simple filtration procedure. Furthermore, it has the capability to separate oils with a high efficiency of (99.8%) for kerosene and (87%) for diesel oil. It also has flux values of (7352.9 L.m -2 .h -1 ) for kerosene and (6112.9 L/m 2 .h) for diesel.

Facile flame synthesis of S-doped Fe2O3 on carbon cloth as superior anode material for sodium-ion battery

Take advantage of its superior theoretical specific capacity, Fe2O3 based nanocomposites are promising candidates for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). However, the complicate synthetic procedure hinders their further application. Herein, a facile ethanol diffusion flame synthesis approach is developed to prepare S-doped Fe2O3 composite on carbon cloth. The morphology of the Fe2O3 can be easily controlled by tuning the composition of the fuel and duration time of the flame treatment. Optimized composite with flake-like structure and heteroatom S-doped Fe2O3 (S/Fe2O3@CC-2) displayed enhanced electrochemical sodium storage performances. Specifically, sample S/Fe2O3@CC-2 maintained a reversible discharge capacity of 464.3 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. Besides, at current densities of 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 A g−1, capacities of 393.8, 311.2, 277.5 and 218.9 mAh g−1 could be maintained, respectively. Kinetic analysis implies that S/Fe2O3@CC-2 manifested an improved capacitive-controlled sodium storage process. This work will shed light on facile and low-cost approach for the synthesis of high-performance anode materials for SIBs.

Forensic Investigation of Electrical Conduct Copper Bead Microstructure as an Effort to Identify Causes of Fire

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the bead formed due to short circuit, overload and direct flame treatment on NYM 3x1.5 copper power cable. Handling of short circuit and overload is carried out at a current load of 800% of the current carrying capacity (144 Amperes) and direct flame treatment is carried out at a temperature of 960 degrees Celsius. The bead specimens formed from each treatment were examined and tested in the laboratory: chemical composition examination, visual inspection, macro and micro structural examination, hardness testing, and SEM-EDS examination. The difference in the characteristics of the arc bead that is formed under short circuit conditions and overload is that in short circuit conditions the damage point is localized at a certain point, namely at the short circuit contact point, while under overload conditions the point damage is localized at one or several specific locations along the wire. The macro characteristic of arc beads formed under short-circuit and overload conditions is that they contain many cavities and a clear transition boundary between the melted/ re-solidified material and the non-melted material. While the characteristics of the granules in the form of globular formed in the direct flame treatment, do not show sharp transitions between melting/ re-solidified materials. The micro structure of NYM 3x1.5 beads of electrically conducting copper wire material under the treatment conditions: short circuit, overload and direct ignition, is an alpha (α) phase dendritic structure.

A Simple Preparation Method to Fabricate Superhydrophobic (TiO2–SiO2) Nanocomposite for Enhancement Contact Angle

As a consequence of the regeneration of nanostructures and the development of a nanocomposite with excellent superhydrophobic properties, a simple flame treatment strategy was examined to increase surface roughness. Cotton soaked in ethanol was used as a flame source at temperatures ([Formula: see text]350[Formula: see text]C) for 30 s. The flame treatment operation takes place after the titanium dioxide (TiO[Formula: see text] nanoparticles (NPs) have been treated with room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV-SR) liquid using a dip coating approach. X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle (CA) measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to describe the superhydrophobic surface. Resulting surfaces demonstrated that the water contact angle (WCA) of the superhydrophobic surface was 168 ± 2[Formula: see text], sliding angle SA (4 ± 1[Formula: see text]).

Calcium aluminate phosphor-containing mortar achieved via aqueous metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex solution and high-heat treatment

Calcium aluminate phosphors were synthesized on mortar substrates using an aqueous solution comprising metal (Al,Eu,Nd)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) complexes, followed by treatment with a high-heat hydrogen/oxygen (H2-O2) coupled flame with a variable gas flow rate. The infrastructure functionalizationperformance of the cement system was evaluated through crystal structure analysis and emission/excitation properties investigation. The emission phase of the calcium aluminates was identified using cathodoluminescence microscopy. The afterglow properties were also investigated. Furthermore, a model for the formation of calcium-aluminate phosphors using a metal-EDTA aqueous solution with H2-O2 flame treatment was developed.

Experimental Investigation of the Peel Strength of Artificial Leather and Polypropylene Specimens.

This study investigates the surface properties and adhesive strength of polypropylene (PP) in order to enhance the bond between PP injection-molded specimens and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) synthetic artificial leather. Plasma, primer, and flame treatments were applied to the surface of each specimen prepared using the two types of injection molds. The surface morphology, surface roughness, and contact angle were analyzed, and peel-strength analyses and a morphological inspections of the peeled specimens were performed. The peeling strength of the PP injection molding was measured, followed by a morphological examination of the peeled specimens. The plasma and flame treatments improved the peel strength, and the plasma and flame treatments changed the rough exterior to a hydrophilic surface, improving the peel strength. In addition, the primer treatment exhibited a lower peel strength than did the other treatments. This confirmed the low adhesion of the primer to the hydrophobic PP surface. The outcomes of this study can be employed across a multitude of industries that require improved adhesion for PP injection molded products.