Flame Retardant Polypropylene Research Articles

In-suit cemented strategy enables intumescent flame retardant transition from hyper-hydrophilic to hydrophobic and aggregation flame retardant effect simultaneously in polypropylene

To meet the stringent requirements of specific high-end manufacturing applications involving flame retardant polypropylene (PP) materials, it's imperative to overcome the inherent superhydrophilicity of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) while simultaneously further enhancing flame retardant efficiency. In addressing this challenge, novel in-situ cemented MVC-IFR microparticles characterized by a microparticle-aggregation effect and hydrophobic structure were successfully synthesized. The micro-aggregated MVC-IFR particles not only bolstered the hydrophobicity and charring flame retardancy of PP composites compared to conventional IFR but also exhibited superior resistance to water erosion. The water contact angle (WCA) of 3MVC-22IFR reached an impressive 159°, whereas the WCA of IFR stood at 0°. Moreover, when MVC-IFR and IFR were incorporated into PP, 3MVC-22IFR/PP displayed a WCA of 108° which was a hydrophobic composite, while 25IFR/PP exhibited a WCA of 81° which was a hydrophilic composite. Notably, the hydrophobic MVC-IFR showcased greater resistance to water exposure than hydrophilic IFR, thereby maintaining its flame retardant efficacy in practical applications. Furthermore, MVC-IFR microparticles with aggregation of acid, carbon, and gas sources, facilitated the charring reactions of different components, thereby enhancing its charring flame retardant effect in PP. Remarkably, 1MVC-24/PP not only attained a UL 94V-0 rating but also achieved a glow wire flammability index (GWFI) of >960 °C, a glow wire ignition temperature (GWIT) of 850 °C, and an LOI value of 28.7 %. In contrast, 25IFR/PP failed to secure a UL 94 rating and exhibited lower GWIT and LOI values. Crucially, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of 1MVC-24IFR/PP were markedly reduced by 76 % and 41 %, respectively, compared with those of neat PP. In summary, this study presented a novel design concept and rules for flame retardant morphology, to find a way for the development of polyolefin materials boasting both high hydrophobicity and superior flame retardancy.

Efficient flame retardancy of polypropylene by cobalt ions doped phytate melamine synergized with expandable graphite

Maintaining a delicate balance between flame retardancy and amount of expandable graphite (EG) in flame retardant polypropylene (PP) is still a formidable challenge, primarily due to the lower flame-retardant efficiency of EG. In order to address this concern, a novel cobalt-doped nanosheet flame retardant (PAMA-Co) was fabricated by a hydrothermal method utilizing phytic acid (PA) and melamine (MA), exhibiting a promising potential in constructing synergistic EG flame retardant PP. Significantly, the incorporation of only 7 wt% PAMA-Co/23 wt% EG system raises the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PP to 27.3% and UL-94 V0 level, which indicates the excellent synergistic flame-retardant efficiency of PAMA-Co. Furthermore, both the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of PP composites with 7 wt% PAMA-Co/23 wt% EG are substantially reduced, exhibiting an 81.6% lower PHRR and 87.8% PSPR compared to pure PP. The excellent flame-retardant efficiency is attributed to the following mechanisms: Gas-phase dilution, catalytic cross-linking charring effect, and the suppression of the EG "popcorn effect" of PAMA-Co. In summary, this work not only advances an understanding of flame-retardant mechanisms but also offers a practical, green strategy for enhancing the safety and utility of PP in various applications.

Effect of borosilicate residue as flame retardant and reinforcement filler in polypropylene/natural fiber composites

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of adding borosilicate residue (BS) as a flame retardant in polypropylene (PP) and natural fiber composites. The natural fibers used in this study come from the residue of the carpet industry, which is composed of PP and jute fibers (JT), while the PP used as the polymer matrix is postindustrial recycled material. The composites were produced by corotational twin‐screw extrusion and injection molding to obtain the test specimens. A coating process was carried out to add the water‐soluble fraction of BS to the surface of the compositions that did not receive it through incorporation during processing. To characterize the composites, flammability tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile strength test, and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed. The addition of only 2 wt% BS content induces an increase in thermal stability of 32 and 109°C for composites with and without natural fibers, respectively. The addiction of 20 wt% BS elevates the elastic modulus up to 27% of the composites with and without natural fibers. The BS characterization indicates that it could be applied as a flame retardant when applied as coating methods using the water‐soluble fraction of BS, reducing the burning rate up to 92%. Flammability results are similar for formulations with and without natural fibers, indicating that the natural fibers did not influence the proposed flame retardant. The findings suggest that BS coating is a potential solution to improve the properties of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites while also promoting waste recycling. This approach produces composites with improved flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties, making them suitable for various end applications.

Tannic acid coated ammonium polyphosphate: For flame retardant and UV resistant of polypropylene

Polypropylene (PP) has the advantages of excellent mechanical properties and easy molding, but its shortcomings such as high flammability and poor ultraviolet (UV) resistance cannot be ignored. In this paper, APP was used as the core, 1, 10-diamino-decane (DA) was used as a "bridge" to connect TA to the surface of APP, obtaining TAPP through oxidation self-polymerization. The addition of TAPP greatly improved the flame retardancy and UV resistance of PP matrix. The limiting oxygen index of the PP/22.5 %TAPP sample was increased to 31.0 %, and it was able to pass the UL-94 V-0 rating without droplet produced. Compared with PP samples, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke release rate of PP/22.5 %TAPP sample were reduced by 65.0 % and 44.7 %, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength and impact strength of PP/22.5 %TAPP samples decreased by only 2.7 % and 15.0 % after 60 h UV irradiation. The results showed that the addition of TAPP effectively improved the flame retardancy and UV aging resistance of PP. This study provides a feasible method for the preparation of anti-UV aging and flame-retardant PP composites.

Macromolecular piperazine/aluminum phosphate hybrid and its efficient intumescent flame retardant/thermal conductive polypropylene

Achieving a delicate balance between fire resistance and thermal conductivity in intumescent flame-retarded polypropylene (PP) poses a formidable challenge, primarily due to the susceptibility of intumescent barrier layers to functional fillers. To address this concern, a novel hybrid macromolecule (Al-PAP) was synthesized via polycondensation reaction, showcasing promising potential in constructing flame-retardant and thermally conductive PP. Remarkably, the inclusion of mere 14 wt% of the Al-PAP/melamine polyphosphate (Al-IFR) system raised the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PP to 28.3 %, equivalent to that of PP containing 20 wt% of the conventional system, emphasizing the superior efficacy of the hybrid Al-PAP. Further, the PP with 20 wt% Al-IFR performed a 32.2 % of LOI, 850 °C of glow wire ignition temperature, >960 °C of glow wire flammable index and UL 94 V-0 ratings (3.2 mm & 1.6 mm), indicating the high flame retardancy. Subsequently, three thermal conductive fillers – aluminum oxide, boron nitride, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes – were evaluated based on a 20 wt% dosage of Al-IFR. Alumina emerged as the optimal candidate, enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression while imparting thermal conductivity to PP. Conversely, the other two fillers compromised fire-safety performance. Notably, the composite 5Al2O3/20Al-IFR/PP exhibited a 90.8 % lower peak heat release rate and an 88.2 % lower peak smoke production rate compared to PP. Additionally, its thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity were 27.0 % and 48.9 % higher than those of PP, respectively. In short, this work combined molecular design and comprehensive screening to build the thermally conductive PP with high flame retardant efficiency, and relevant mechanisms were also investigated.

A zinc-embedded multicomponent copolymer customized for polypropylene and its synergistic flame-retardant effect and outstanding mechanical properties

The poor compatibility between the common polar intumescent flame-retardant system (IFR) and the nonpolar polypropylene (PP), as well as the high additive amount, seriously impacts the mechanical properties of the composites. This study introduced collaborative flame-retardant technology to construct block copolymer flame retardants and prepared a zinc-embedded multicomponent copolymer (PM-Zn2+) customized for PP composites. In the PM-Zn2+ system, zinc oxide was embedded into the copolymer composed of piperazine phosphate oligomer and melamine phosphate. PM-Zn2+ exhibited an amorphous structure with extremely low crystallinity and demonstrated specific morphological adaptability. The PM-Zn2+ were well dispersed in the PP matrix and changed their morphology during processing. When applied to PP, excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties were obtained by using a minimal amount of flame retardants (20 %). PM-2 %Zn2+ gave PP an LOI value of 31.5 %, and achieved a UL94 V-0 rating (1.6 mm thick), exhibiting a lower heat release rate and smoke release. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PM-Zn2+ mainly involved the synergistic and aggregative effects. Transition metal zinc synergistically interacted with polyphosphate groups to create a charring barrier effect and enhance synergistic smoke suppression, leading to a significant reduction in combustion intensity. In comparison to the Mix-Zn/PP composites, the mechanical properties of PM-Zn2+/PP were significantly enhanced due to the specific morphological adaptability and improved compatibility. The elongation at break increased significantly from 15.6 % to 627.9 %, marking a remarkable improvement of 40-fold improvement, while the impact strength rose from 23.7 kJ/m2 to 54.3 kJ/m2, representing a 129 % enhancement. Finally, the zinc-embedded multicomponent block copolymer offers a promising approach to developing high-performance flame-retardant polypropylene materials.

Preparation and Characterization of Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate with Polyurethane Shell and Its Flame Retardance in Polypropylene

Polypropylene (PP) shows no charring ability in burning due to the lack of hydroxyl functional groups; thus, the flame retardant system needs an additional amount of carbonizing agent. An ammonium polyphosphate (APP)-based all-in-one intumescent flame-retardant system was prepared by the in situ polymerization of polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) with a glycerol-based and a glycerol–sorbitol-based polyol of high OH value. The microencapsulated APP with a polyurethane shell (MCAPP) of different polyols was characterized. The MCAPP with speculated improved flame retardant performance was selected for further evaluation in the PP matrix at different loadings by means of standard flammability tests.

Functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene reinforced polypropylene with favorable UV-aging resistance, electromagnetic shielding effects and superior fire-safety

Deterioration in mechanical performances and aging resistance due to the introduction of flame retardants is a major obstacle for bio-based fire-safety polypropylene (PP). Herein, we reported a kind of functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene (MX@LNP), and applied it to construct the flame-retardant PP composites (PP-MA) with superior fire safety, excellent mechanical performance, electromagnetic shielding effects and aging resistance. Specifically, the PP-MA doped with only 18 wt% flame-retardant additives (PP-MA18) achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison to pure PP, PP-MA18 presented a greatly decreased peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat rate (THR), and peak smoke production rate (pSPR) by 79.7 %, 69.0 % and 75.8 %, respectively, and satisfactory decrease in total flammable and toxic volatiles evolved. The formed fine solid microstructure of carbon residuals effectively promoted the compactness of char layers. More importantly, the nano-effect and the strong interface interaction between the complexed MX@LNP and PP enhanced the tensile strength (45.78 MPa) and elongation at break (725.95 %) of PP-MA. Additionally, the significant ultraviolet absorption and electromagnetic wave dissipation performance of MXene and lignin enabled excellent aging resistance and electromagnetic shielding effects of PP-MA compared with PP. This achieved MX@LNP afforded a novel approach for developing flame retardant materials with excellent application performance.

Novel four-in-one intumescent flame retardants for polypropylene: Synthesis, characterization and properties

To address the shortcomings of traditional intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), a novel four-in-one IFR (M [APP/NiCo2O4]) was constructed for the first time. It integrates acid source, gas source, carbon source (crosslinking β-CD), and synergistic agent (NiCo2O4 nanoparticles) into a single entity by a co-encapsulation technology. Under the loading of 20 wt%, its flame retardant performance was significantly better than that of simple mixed flame retardants, and it could increase the limiting oxygen index of polypropylene (PP) from 18 to 30.2 and pass the UL-94 V-0 rating. At the same time, it could reduce the peak of heat release rate, total heat release, and peak of CO production of PP by 77%, 22%, and 80%, respectively, showing excellent flame retardant performance. The excellent flame retardant performance is mainly because the synergist NiCo2O4 nanoparticles in the four-in-one flame retardant can easily combine and efficiently interact with the acid source, carbon source, and gas source in the intumescent flame retardant to form a more stable protective char residue. In addition, the crosslinking β-CD shell enhances both the water resistance and initial thermal decomposition temperature of PP containing the four-in-one IFR compared to PP with simple mixed control samples. After 72 h of water resistance test, it can still maintain the UL-94 V-0 rating. The presence of the crosslinking β-CD shell also improves the compatibility of the four-in-one flame retardant in PP, and its adverse effects on the mechanical properties of PP are also significantly smaller than those of the mixed control sample.

Improving mechanical properties of huntite hydromagnesite reinforced flame retardant polymer composites with calcite and zeolite minerals

AbstractAlthough inorganic minerals used as flame retardants in firefighting are much safer alternative to halogen‐containing ones, it is seen that while they impart non‐flammability, they impair some mechanical properties of polymer composites. In this study, calcite and zeolite minerals, with well‐known incombustibility properties, were used together with huntite hydromagnesite as auxiliary minerals to obtain better mechanical properties. In this context, a synergistic effect was created by adding zeolite and calcite to polymer composite systems containing huntite hydromagnesite, and flame retardant polypropylene matrix composites were produced using a twin screw extruder. The thermal properties of the produced composites were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Tensile test was applied to the samples to determine their mechanical properties. Structural and morphological properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It was found that with an additive load of 60% by weight, the modulus of elasticity of pure polypropylene was increased from 1215 to 3362 MPa. In addition, by loading zeolite together with huntite hydromagnesite, the maximum tensile strength increased from 15.6 MPa to 22.9 MPa, resulting in an increase of 46.80%. Consequently, the synergistic effect obtained by using zeolite with huntite hydromagnesite improved the mechanical properties of the composite.

Surface modification of zinc oxide and its application in polypropylene with excellent fire performance and ultra-violet resistance

Despite the advantages of easy moulding and excellent mechanical properties, there are still some shortcomings with polypropylene (PP) such as high flammability and poor ultra-violet (UV) resistance. In this work, modified zinc oxide (mZnO) was prepared by reacting zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) with polysiloxanes, and the effect of mZnO on the effectiveness of intumescent flame-retardant and on the UV aging resistance of polypropylene were investigated. By introducing 16 wt% (intumescent flame-retardant /mZnO) and 0.3 wt% maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAH-g-PP), the limiting oxygen index increased to 32.7 %, and passed UL-94V-0 rating. In comparison to the controls, the peak heat release rate and the peak smoke release rate were 88.5 % and 80 % lower, respectively. In addition, PP samples showed improved mechanical properties, with a 5 % increase in tensile properties compared to the pure PP sample. After 100 h of UV irradiation, the surface of the samples was relatively flat and smooth, and the carbonyl index decreased from 81.1 of neat PP to 26.7. PP composites with 100 h aging treatment still had excellent flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The results showed that mZnO was effective in improving the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and light aging tolerance of PP. This study provides a novel approach to fabricate long-life flame-retardant PP composites with low additive content.

Preparation and flame retardant properties of organic montmorillonite synergistic intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminium diethylphosphonate (ADP) were mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1, compounded with dipentaerythritol (DPER) to construct a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) as a synergistic flame retardant, then melt blended to prepare intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of flame retardant polypropylene composites were examined using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion test, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry test. The results showed that the LOI value of the flame retardant composite PP3 reached 31.3%, UL-94 reached V-0 level, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and the total heat release (THR) decreased by 87.8% and 33.7%, respectively, compared with the original sample of PP, and the break elongation increased by 216.4% compared with that of the sample PP1 without the addition of OMMT. The findings demonstrated that adding OMMT to IFR in the right dosage can have a positive synergistic flame retardant impact.

Utilizing leather fibers from industrial wastes as bio-filler to improve flame retardancy in polypropylene

Combining buffing leather fibers from industrial waste streams with ammonium polyphosphate and bentonite clay is proposed as a flame-retardant additive for polypropylene. The paper addresses how they can be processed into attractive composites with the desired mechanical properties. Buffing leather fibers function as a multifunctional bio-filler and as a synergist for the flame retardant, resulting in fire retardancy successful enough to increase the oxygen index (LOI) by up to 7 vol.-% and to achieve a V0 UL 94 classification. Impressively reduced heat release rates are obtained in the cone calorimeter at 50 kW/m2 irradiation; for instance, the maximum average rate heat evolved (MARHE) drops from 765 to below 200 kW m−2. The synergistic effects are quantified and shown to be very strong for LOI and MARHE. This work opens the door to use waste buffing leather fibers as a promising multifunctional and synergistic bio-filler.

Lignin‐derived flame retardant for improving fire safety and mechanical properties of polypropylene

AbstractIn this work, the self‐assembled lignin‐based flame retardant (LMA) was grafted with γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to obtain a novel type of silicon‐containing intumescent flame retardant (LK), which can be applied on polypropylene (PP) to obtain flame retardant PP (PP‐LK). Furthermore, low cost flame retardant PP biocomposite (PP/M/L) with high lignin content were prepared by compounding lignin, LK and PP. The developed PP‐LK and PP/M/L exhibited significant excellent flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties. In particular, the UL‐94 test achieved V‐0, and the limit oxygen index (LOI) increased from 17.9% of PP to 28.3% of PP‐LK, and 27.2% of PP/M/L, respectively. Meanwhile, tensile strength and Young's modulus increased by 6.3% and 19.64% for PP‐LK and PP/M/L, respectively. Especially, the tensile strength of PP with 15% LK and 25% lignin achieved 30.88 MPa, and the Young's modulus reached 1415 MPa. The excellent carbonization properties of PP‐LK illustrated that the lignin component of LK had excellent carbonization ability. The prepared LK provided a novel strategy to improve the fire safety and cost of PP, and wide the applications of lignin.

Effect of hollow glass microsphere on the processing and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites prepared by selective laser sintering

Effect of hollow glass microsphere on the processing and flame retardancy of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites prepared by selective laser sintering

The preparation of ZIF-67 and its synergistic effect on fire performance of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

The preparation of ZIF-67 and its synergistic effect on fire performance of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Synergistic effect of nano silicon and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate on flame retardancy of polypropylene

To improve the flame retardant efficiency of intumescent flame retardants, some nano-scale additives as synergists were always added. In this work, nano silicon and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate into polypropylene was investigated, which was obviously efficient to improve thermal stability and flame retardancy. The optimal synergistic ratio corresponded to 1 wt% SiO2, 10 wt% piperazine pyrophosphate, and 5 wt% melamine polyphosphate. The system passed the UL-94 V-1 classification and had a limiting oxygen index value of 34.5%. It exhibited a decrease on peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate by 81% and 80%, respectively. Based on characterizations of scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the synergistic mechanism was investigated. A reactive cross-linking network between SiO2 and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate during burning was formed to enhance the structure of carbon protective layer. Nano silicon acted as a foaming nucleating agent to promote the formation of porous dense carbon layer in intumescent flame retardants during burning. The synergistic strategy of SiO2 and piperazine pyrophosphate/melamine polyphosphate provided new compounded system for the design of polymeric materials with excellent flame retardancy, great thermal stability, and low release of heat and smoke.

Preparation and characterisation of a triazine structure charring agent and its application in polypropylene

ABSTRACT A triazine long chain charring agent (TCA) was synthesised using cyanuric chloride, morpholine and anhydrous piperazine. The synthesised TCA was compounded with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to obtain an intumescent flame retardant (IFR). When the TCA content in the IFR was 35 wt% to 45 wt%, the IFR had good expansion properties. Then, different proportions of IFR were incorporated into polypropylene (PP) to prepare flame retardant PP composites, and the flame retardancy, thermal degradation behaviour and flammability behaviour for PP composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter test. When 20 wt% of IFR (With TCA 35 wt%) were added into the PP matrix, the composite achieved a V-0 rating for the UL-94 test and its LOI value was increased to 28.8%. Compared with neat PP, peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreased from 827.30(KW·m−2) and 120.48(MJ·m−2) to 210.50(KW·m−2) and 75.08(MJ·m−2).

Simultaneously Enhancing the Flame Retardancy, Water Resistance, and Mechanical Properties of Flame-Retardant Polypropylene via a Linear Vinyl Polysiloxane-Coated Ammonium Polyphosphate.

It is challenging to improve the water resistance, flame retardancy, mechanical performance, and balance of halogen-free flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. For this purpose, a linear vinyl polysiloxane (PD) was synthesized and then self-crosslinked under benzoyl peroxide to prepare surface-coated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@PD). Apparently, this linear vinyl polysiloxane self-crosslinking coating strategy was completely different from the commonly used sol-gel-coated APP with silane monomers. After coating, the water contact angles (WCA) of APP and APP@PD were 26.8° and 111.7°, respectively, showing high hydrophobicity. More importantly, PP/APP@PD/dipentaerythritol (DPER) showed a higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) and better UL-94 V-0 rate in comparison with PP/APP/DPER composites. After water immersion at 70 °C for 168 h, only PP/APP@PD/DPER kept the UL-94 V-0 rate and lowered the deterioration of the LOI, reflecting the better water-resistance property of APP@PD. Consistently, the cone calorimeter test results displayed a 26.2% and 16.7% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP), respectively. Meanwhile, the time to peak smoke production rate (TPSPR) increased by 90.2%. The interfacial free energy (IFE) between APP@PD and PP was calculated to evaluate the interfacial interaction between PP and APP@PD. A reduction of 84.2% in the IFE between APP@PD and PP is responsible for the improvement in compatibility and the increase in flame retardancy, water resistance, and mechanical properties of the composites.

Fabrication of highly hydrophobic layered double hydroxide decorated with tannic acid cross-linked phosphazene as a novel flame retardant for polypropylene

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a promising flame-retardant nano-additive for polymers, however, its efficiency is highly based on its composition and dispersity. Based on this cognition, a core-shell LDH-based architecture (LDH@TA-HP) was designed using LDH sheet as core and tannic acid and phosphazene cross-linkd polymers network (TA-HP) as shell. In the flame retardant process, renewable tannic acid (TA) as a carbon source with phosphazene was combined to form an intumescent flame-retardant system, which synergizes with the “tortuous path” effect of LDH which greatly enhance the flame retardancy of PP and LDH@TA-HP composites (PP/LDH@TA-HP). With the addition of 20 wt% LDH@TA-HP, the peak heat release rate and total smoke production of the PP/LDH@TA-HP composites were decreased by 63.5% and 47.6%, respectively, in comparison with those of Neat PP. The flame retardant level reached UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PP/LDH@TA-HP composites reached 30.1%, which was related to the “tortuous path’’ effect of LDH and the formation of the intumescent char layer of TA-HP. This investigation provided a facile strategy for the design of multifunctional LDH-based hybrids, expanding LDH potential applications in polymer composites.