Flag Group Research Articles

The National Front and environmental politics, 1967–90

Abstract The green entanglements of the inter-war British far right are well-documented. Martin Pugh has drawn attention to the predominantly rural, agricultural support base of the British Union of Fascists. We know that the aspiration to go ‘back to the land’ was deeply enmeshed with a politics of racial hygiene, which equated the urban with miscegenation and the rural with purity. However, in the post-war world, British far-right ecologism has typically been interpreted as a curious anomaly driven by cynical realpolitik. This article contends environmental themes as an intellectual staple of British fascism—running from the interwar far right, through the NF, and into the latter’s largest successor organization, the Flag Group. The Front’s preoccupation with the environment, and its racism, were mutually reinforcing, central pillars of its politics. Its environmentalism was alternately revolutionary and conservative, nostalgic and future oriented.

FLAG-IDA or venetoclax in previously treated TP53mut acute myeloid leukemia.

e19047 Background: Patients with del17p or TP53mut acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have short durations of remission and dismal overall survival. The benefit of fludarabine-based intensive chemotherapy (IC), such as FLAG-IDA or FLAG, remains unclear. Additionally, while venetoclax has revolutionized the treatment of AML, the comparative efficacy of venetoclax with a hypomethylating agent (HMA; decitabine or azacitidine) remains unknown in patients with del17p or TP53mut AML. We aimed to compare FLAG-based regimens to venetoclax + HMA in this subgroup of disease while controlling for IC candidacy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 79 patients with AML and TP53mut or del17p. Of these, 25 met study inclusion criteria: age 70 or younger, treated with front-line IC, and treated with either fludarabine-based therapy (with or without idarubicin, N = 15) or venetoclax + HMA (N = 10) in the subsequent line. To further reduce confounding effects, no patients in the FLAG group received venetoclax + HMA, and no patients in the venetoclax group received FLAG. We recorded baseline patient and disease characteristics, cytogenetic risk, response, and survival. We used Fisher’s exact test for nominal data and Mann-Whitney for ordinal data. We analyzed survival by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared groups with the Mantel-Cox test. Results: We analyzed 25 patients with TP53mut or del17p AML initially treated with IC and subsequently underwent salvage therapy with FLAG or venetoclax + HMA. The salvage regimen in each cohort was initiated after a median of one line of therapy, with no difference between groups ( p = 0.089). Patients in the FLAG cohort were significantly younger than the venetoclax cohort (54 y. vs 62 y., p = 0.046), but there were no significant differences in the Charlson Comorbidity Index scores (4 vs 4, p = 0.127) or ECOG scores (1 vs 2, p = 0.053) at salvage. There were also no differences in the median TP53 variant allele frequency (VAF) between the cohorts ( p = 0.095). The composite complete remission (CRR: CR + CRi) rate was 28.6% in the venetoclax cohort, compared to 46.7% in the FLAG cohort ( p = 0.648). Patients that received FLAG had significantly prolonged median overall survival compared to venetoclax + HMA (13.1 m. vs 4.5 m., p = 0.004). Conclusions: In patients with del17p or TP53mut AML, FLAG-based salvage appears to offer a significant improvement in overall survival following IC failure. Prospective trial designs are needed to confirm these findings. [Table: see text]

Super.Complex: A supervised machine learning pipeline for molecular complex detection in protein-interaction networks.

Characterization of protein complexes, i.e. sets of proteins assembling into a single larger physical entity, is important, as such assemblies play many essential roles in cells such as gene regulation. From networks of protein-protein interactions, potential protein complexes can be identified computationally through the application of community detection methods, which flag groups of entities interacting with each other in certain patterns. Most community detection algorithms tend to be unsupervised and assume that communities are dense network subgraphs, which is not always true, as protein complexes can exhibit diverse network topologies. The few existing supervised machine learning methods are serial and can potentially be improved in terms of accuracy and scalability by using better-suited machine learning models and parallel algorithms. Here, we present Super.Complex, a distributed, supervised AutoML-based pipeline for overlapping community detection in weighted networks. We also propose three new evaluation measures for the outstanding issue of comparing sets of learned and known communities satisfactorily. Super.Complex learns a community fitness function from known communities using an AutoML method and applies this fitness function to detect new communities. A heuristic local search algorithm finds maximally scoring communities, and a parallel implementation can be run on a computer cluster for scaling to large networks. On a yeast protein-interaction network, Super.Complex outperforms 6 other supervised and 4 unsupervised methods. Application of Super.Complex to a human protein-interaction network with ~8k nodes and ~60k edges yields 1,028 protein complexes, with 234 complexes linked to SARS-CoV-2, the COVID-19 virus, with 111 uncharacterized proteins present in 103 learned complexes. Super.Complex is generalizable with the ability to improve results by incorporating domain-specific features. Learned community characteristics can also be transferred from existing applications to detect communities in a new application with no known communities. Code and interactive visualizations of learned human protein complexes are freely available at: https://sites.google.com/view/supercomplex/super-complex-v3-0.

Deformation, Magmatism, and Sulfide Mineralization in the Archean Golden Mile Fault Zone, Kalgoorlie Gold Camp, Western Australia

AbstractThe Golden Mile fault zone is a key controlling structure to the estimated 75 Moz gold endowment of the Kalgoorlie gold camp in the Yilgarn craton of Western Australia. The earliest structures in the fault are F1 folds that developed during D1 recumbent-fold and thrust deformation (<2685 ± 4 Ma). These F1 folds are overprinted by a pervasive NW- to NNW-striking S2 cleavage related to sinistral shearing beginning with 2680 ± 3 Ma D2a sinistral strike-slip and culminating with ca. 2660 Ma D2c sinistral-reverse movement. The majority of deformation in the fault zone correlates to ca. 2675 Ma D2b deformation, which is characterized by sinistral-normal kinematic indicators. Late, ca. 2650–2640 Ma D3 dextral-reverse kinematic indicators overprint the earlier D2 structures. Pyrrhotite-chalcopyrite-pyrite-sphalerite-galena assemblages were emplaced throughout the D2 event within NE-trending D2a tensile fractures, NW- to NNW-striking D2b normal faults and associated breccias, and NW- to NNW-striking D2c low-angle veins, with the latter D2b and D2c structures correlating to the Fimiston and Oroya mineralization types, respectively. All D2a-, D2b-, and D2c-related sulfides in the Golden Mile fault zone show similarly restricted δ34S (~1.0–4.5‰) and elevated Δ33S (~2.0–3.0‰) values that reflect strong local sulfur contribution from shales of the Lower Black Flag Group and host-rock buffering of hydrothermal fluids related to the Fimiston and Oroya mineralization events. This host-rock buffering decreased fluid fO2, favoring the development of pyrrhotite-pyrite stable sulfide assemblages and causing respective decreases and increases in fluid Au-Te and Pb-Bi-Sb concentrations. At the camp scale, the Golden Mile fault zone exerted a primary control on the distribution of porphyry dikes and gold deposits; however, magma and hydrothermal fluid circulation was favored in adjacent, higher-order structural sites due to the fault zone’s incompetent rheology and tendency for ductile deformation and diffuse fluid flow. Other Archean examples such as Au deposits of the Larder Lake-Cadillac deformation zone in the Superior craton illustrate that this type of diffuse fluid flow in large-scale crustal fault zones can result in disseminated economic mineralization. However, this study highlights that host-rock effects on fluid chemistry in large-scale crustal fault zones exercises a strong control on a fluid’s propensity to form ore. The results of this study emphasize that both the rheology and chemistry of rocks within and adjacent to large-scale deformation zones act as important controls on the formation of gold ore in Archean terranes.

Propensity-score Matched Comparison of Salvage Chemotherapy Regimens in Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

BackgroundRelapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) confers a poor prognosis, and there is no single standard of care first-line salvage regimen. FLAG (fludarabine, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) is a common salvage regimen with a favorable toxicity and efficacy profile in poor-risk AML. Materials and MethodsWe conducted a single-center, retrospective analysis of first relapse/primary refractory patients with AML that received salvage chemotherapy from January 2009 to July 2019. We propensity-score matched patients 1:1 (based on age at diagnosis, cytogenetic risk group, Charlson comorbidity index, de novo vs. secondary AML, and whether or not they received an allogeneic stem cell transplant in first complete remission) into 2 groups, FLAG (Group 1) or non-FLAG (Group 2) as first-line salvage regimen, with 66 patients in each group. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (complete response and complete response with incomplete hematologic recovery). ResultsThe median patient age was 59 years (range, 19-80 years). Patients treated with FLAG had a higher overall response rate (complete response/complete response with incomplete hematologic recovery) (71.2% vs. 50.0%; odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-5.08; P = .013), longer event-free survival (8.9 vs. 2.1 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.86; P = .005), and longer overall survival (14.2 vs. 5.9 months; HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.93; P = .019). Patients who received FLAG had a shorter median duration of neutropenia (22 vs. 34 days; HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.29-0.64; P < .001). ConclusionThis analysis supports the FLAG regimen as an effective and well-tolerated salvage therapy for patients with relapsed/refractory AML.

Evolution of Surgical Management of Sagittal Synostosis.

Numerous methods for surgical correction of sagittal synostosis have been described in the literature, yielding similar outcomes. At the authors' institution, surgical approaches to correct this condition have evolved over the past few decades, including Π, H-type craniectomies (Renier), endoscopic suturectomy, and our current technique, the FLAG procedure. Our aim is to review the evolution of these surgical techniques at our institution and compare patient outcomes. A retrospective review was performed on consecutive patients undergoing correction for craniosynostosis from 2008 to 2018. All patients with a diagnosis of nonsyndromic isolated sagittal craniosynostosis were included and classified into one of 4 groups by the type of surgical correction performed (H-type, FLAG, endoscopic, other). The authors identified 166 consecutive patients with a mean age at time of surgery of 6.7 ± 4.0 months. 91 (54.8%) carried a diagnosis of nonsyndromic sagittal synostosis. 63 patients underwent H-type procedures, 9 underwent FLAG procedures, 5 underwent endoscopic procedures, and 14 were classified as other (distraction or other implant). Perioperatively, the FLAG group had the shortest ICU stay (1.3 days, P < 0.05), postoperative transfusion requirement (42cc pRBC, P < 0.001), and complication rate (0.0%). The endoscopic group had the shortest surgical time at 2.00 hours (p < 0.001). No statistically significant difference in cranial index or revision procedures between the four groups was identified. Overall, the mean length of follow-up was 25.3 months. All procedures had similar results for cranial index with decreased surgical time, transfusion volume, and hospital stay seen in FLAG and endoscopic groups.

AML-387: A Single-Center Comparison of Decitabine ± Venetoclax or FLAG in the Treatment of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Context Secondary AML (sAML) represents up to 30% of total AML cases and is associated with a poor porgnosis. Response rates to traditional chemotherapy regimens are poor. Prior studies have shown that both fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (FLAG) and HMA-based regimens (e.g. decitabine ± venetoclax) can provide favorable responses with lower treatment related toxicities than traditional regimens such as 7+3 or CPX-351. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare response rates in patient with sAML receiving 10-day decitabine ± venetoclax to FLAG. Design Single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with sAML starting induction therapy at Michigan Medicine between January 2014 and July 2019. Setting Academic Medical Center. Patients or other participants Adult patients with sAML receiving first induction. Exclusion criteria as follows: receipt of prior therapy for this AML occurrence, or prior use of hypomethylating agent for antecedent hematologic disorder. Main outcome measures Complete response/Complete response with incomplete count recovery (CR/CRi) Results The median age was 73 (range, 37–80) in the decitabine ± venetoclax group and 67 (range, 27–82) in the FLAG group (p = 0.037). There was numerically lower but statistically similar CR/CRi rate in patients treated with decitabine ± venetoclax compared to FLAG (40 vs. 62%, p = 0.076). More patients in the decitabine ± venetoclax group achieved MLFS (25% vs. 1%, p = 0.002). The median overall survival was comparable in both groups (11.1 months, decitabine ± venetoclax vs. 9.5 months, FLAG; p = 0.472). There was a higher incidence of documented infections (20% vs. 55%, p = 0.01) with FLAG, despite days to absolute neutrophil count recovery being longer with decitabine ± venetoclax (median, 34 vs. 19 days; p Conclusions Response rates after FLAG and decitabine ± venetoclax are comparable and translate to similar overall survival in the sAML population in this real-world, single-center retrospective review. Larger studies are necessary to elucidate benefits of the individual regimens in the sAML patient population.

The Application of Media Sibi and Rainbow Flag to Enhancement Locomotor Motion and Manipulative Motion of Deaf Disability Children on Basketball Material

Everyone is entitled to education because education serves to improve the quality of a person's life. Education for deaf disability children, also needs to get focused of attention according to the limitations basic motor motion. The application of adaptive aplication learning media is used to improve motor skills of the disabled child's motor disability.The purpose of this research is to find out about: (1) the impact of application of media SIBI can help locomotor motion of deaf disability children, (2) the impact of media SIBI application to help manipulative motion of deaf disability children, (3) the impact of application of rainbow flag to help locomotor motion of deaf disability children, (4) the impact of the application of rainbow flags to help manipulative motion deaf disability children, (5) the magnitude of the increase in locomotor activity of deaf disability children using the application of media SIBI and rainbow flag, (6) the increase in manipulative activity of deaf disability children using the application of media SIBI and rainbow flags.This research is quantitative with quasi-experimental. The research design uses matching-only design, data analysis using Paired-Sampels T Test. The process of data collection is done with a pretest and posttest weight using the instrument of adapted motor skills, and validated by the expert to retrieve data locomotor motion and manipulative motion.The result of data analysis using SPSS version 20 on average data between pretest and posttest each group, namely: (a) Locomotor: media SIBI group increased 10,10%, sig. = 0.003 and the rainbow flag group increased 13.40%, sig. = 0.001. (b) Manipulative: media SIBI group increased by 10.10%, sig. = 0.063 and the rainbow flag group increased 13%, sig. = 0.007. Is increasing the influence of media SIBI and rainbow on locomotor motion 11,75% while in motion manipulative 11,55%.The result of the the study, that the application of media SIBI to improve locomotor motion not for manipulatif motion behind rainbow flag to improve of locomotor motion and manipulative deaf disability children.One of the fundamental strategies in attempts to develop athletic sports in Surabaya was to conduct special training through athletic extracurricular activities in schools, hence it was the starting point for the discovery of potential athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and Threat from athletic extracurricular management which included Planning, Organizing, Implementing and Supervising which was conducted by Dr. Soetomo and Jalan Jawa Junior High School in Surabaya. The approach used in this study was a qualitative approach and the type of evaluative research (Evaluation Research) used descriptive methods. The evaluation design used in this study was the SWOT Analysis. The results and conclusions of this study indicated that the athletic extracurricular management at Dr Soetomo Junior High School; The Planning was already a good program, The Organizing used the organizational structure and cooperation which already existed so the working mechanism was clear of its functions and parts, The Actuating contained the schedule of activities, the attendance of students and the coaches are well-monitored by the extracurricular coordinator, The Controlling implemented a routine evaluation that carried out at the end of the school year, but for the achievements have not been as the expectation. On the other hand, Jalan Jawa Junior High School implemented the management as; The Planning of this school did not have a good program, The Organizing included the involved cooperation of leaders, teachers and parents of students was very good, The Actuating related to the exercise did not run well, The Oversight represented almost every championship in Surabaya, Jalan Jawa Junior High School got good marks. The researchers have conducted more in-depth analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and Threat of athletic extracurricular management which included Planning, Organizing, Implementing and Supervising which was conducted by Dr Soetomo and Jalan Jawa Junior High School in Surabaya, furthermore resulting some recommendations for Dr. Soetomo and

PS1049 COMPARATIVE RANDOMIZED STUDY OF PROTOCOL HAM VERSUS PROTOCOL FLAG IN RELAPSED/REFRACTORY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA

Background:Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the commonest type of acute leukemias in adults resulting from clonal proliferation of bone marrow precursor cells with disruption of hemostasis. Patients initially respond to induction therapy but the majority of patients suffer relapse and refractoriness with very poor subsequent prognosis.Aims:To compare two widely used salvage regimens in treatment of relapsed/refractory AML, HAM (cytarabine, Mitoxantrone, Colony stimulating factor) versus FLAG (cytarabine, fludarabine, Colony stimulating factor) protocols.Methods:Prospective randomized study included 90 patient diagnosed as relapsed/refractory AML were selected from Oncology Center, Mansoura University, Egypt, from January 2014 to December 2017. Patients received salvage therapy either HAM or FLAG protocol, then outcomes regarding to efficacy, side effects and overall survival were assessed.Results:Ninety patients were included in our study, 43 patients received HAM protocol versus 47 received FLAG protocol. Complete remission (CR) was 42.6% in HAM group versus 48.8% in FLAG group (p = 0.5). On the other hand, hepatic impairment was 46.8% in HAM group versus 30.3% in FLAG group (p = 0.2). Also, renal impairment was 6.4% in HAM group versus 18.6% in FLAG group (p = 0.07). In addition, Event free survival (EFS) was higher in FLAG vs. HAM arms (9 versus 4 months, p = 0.2). Lastly, overall survival (OS) in HAM group was shorter than in FLAG group (3 vs. 5 months, P = 0.09)Summary/Conclusion:Both HAM and FLAG protocols are adequate salvage chemotherapy in relapsed/refractory AML, with different toxicity profile as HAM has more hepatotoxicity while FLAG is more nephrotoxic, CR was slightly higher with FLAG with more survival benefit compared with HAM protocol.

PB1729 AGGRESSIVE OR LESS AGGRESSIVE SALVAGE CHEMOTHERAPY FOR RELAPSED OR REFRACTORY ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA BASED ON LEUKEMIA BURDEN: ANALYSIS OF 181 PATIENTS

Background:The prognosis of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor,and the recommendation of aggressive or less aggressive re‐induction regimen for these patients remains controversial.Aims:To compared the treatment outcome and explored prognostic factors of R/R AML patients who had received either aggressive or less aggressiveregimens for re‐induction chemotherapy based on leukemia burden using retrospectively analysis.Methods:181R/R AML patients diagnosed with relapsed or primary refractory AML (except APL with t (15;17) (q22; q12); PML‐RARA, subtypes) with good performance status (ECOG PS ≤ 2) received aggressive or less aggressive regimens for re‐induction chemotherapywere enrolled in this study. The patients included 106 males and 75 females, 79 with primary refractory AML, 102 with relapsed AML. The patients’ age ranged from 15 to 76 years old, and the median age was 46 years old. Aggressive regimen included high‐dose cytarabine, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor(G‐CSF) plus fludarabine(FLAG; n=45) or cladribine(CLAG; n=19); or standard‐dose cytarabine plus mitoxantrone and homoharringtonine (MAH; n=62). Less aggressive regimen contained decitabine,low‐dose cytarabine, aclarubicin, and G‐CSF (DCAG; n=45).Results:After re‐induction treatment, the overall response (OR) rate was 39.8% and complete remission (CR) rate was 36.5%. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from diagnosis to the date of the last follow‐up or death. The median OS was 14.7 months, and the 1‐year, 3‐year OS rates were 63.1%, 21.7%, respectively. Patients treated with aggressive chemotherapy were younger and had higher white blood cell (WBC), blasts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) than those receiving less aggressive chemotherapy. The long‐term survival showed not significant difference in aggressive and less aggressive group. The median OS for patients receiving MAH, FLAG, CLAG and DCAG as re‐induction therapy were 15.9 months, 12.3 months, 19.0 months and 18.7 months, respectively(P = 0.483). 1‐year and 3‐year OS rates in MAH group were 66.4% and 22.0%, while they were 51.9% and 16.4% in FLAG group, 68.9% and 34.5% in CLAG group, and 67.8% and 23.3% in DCAG group, respectively. The early mortality and 6‐monthrelapseratesin four groups showed no difference. The outcome of patients received salvage Allo‐HSCT was significant superior to those only treated with chemotherapy, median OS was 30.7 months in Allo‐HSCT group, compared to 14.5months in chemotherapy group.Univariate analysis identified following as adverse prognostic factors for CR and OS:primary refractorydisease, relapse within 6 months, poor cytogenetics at diagnosis, blasts more than 20% in bone marrow, WBC higher than 10 × 109/L, LDH ≥upper normal limitbefore re‐induction.Summary/Conclusion:Aggressive regimen is more suitable for fit patients with higher leukemia burden, while fragile patients with fewer blasts may benefit from less aggressive regimen. In order to improve the outcome, Allo‐HSCT should be considered for R/R AML patients when it is feasible.image

The Invincible deposit: Early gold mineralisation truncated by unaltered c. 2665 Ma conglomerate, St Ives, Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia

Two distinct styles of mineralisation are recognised at the Invincible deposit, with bedding-parallel shear related gold mineralisation (Type 1) and shallow-dipping mineralised extension veins (Type 2). The different styles of mineralisation reflect formation during two discrete deformation events.Type 1 mineralisation is hosted in laminated mudstone of the upper Black Flag Group and mineralised quartz veins and breccia zones are distributed throughout the mudstone rather than being associated with a single shear. Mineralised zones are associated with intense sodic alteration. The early mineralised structures are strongly modified by east-west horizontal D2-3 compression. In contrast, Type 2 extension veins are undeformed and are best developed in the massive sandstone-conglomerate footwall, but also overprint Type 1 veins in the mudstone unit.Throughout the mine, the early Type 1 mineralisation is truncated by unaltered conglomerate of the c. 2665 Ma Merougil Formation. A 10–20° difference in strike/dip is commonly present and indicates that the main mineralising event at Invincible occurred prior to erosion and deposition of the Merougil Formation. The strong modification of the mineralisation by horizontal east-west D2-3 compression is also consistent with formation early in the deformation history, during the c. 2672–2660 Ma D1 event. Gold deposition in the EGT was episodic, occurring over a prolonged period during extension and compression.Bedding-vein relationships indicate southwest-side-down kinematics during the early mineralising event. In weakly mineralised zones sub-vertical extension veins cut across beds that dip 70° to the southwest. In strongly mineralised zones, bedding is sub-vertical and large quartz breccia veins develop along the bedding above moderately west-dipping shears that extend across the steep bedding. The location of the steep strongly mineralised zones where bedding is sub-vertical reflects enhanced dilation in these zones during southwest-side-down movement.Southwest-side-down movement could represent extensional slip on the laminated mudstone beds if the bedding was tilted into a developing basin (early Merougil Basin). The location of the Invincible system, at the eastern edge of the Merougil Basin likely reflects an association with early basin-controlling faults.

Comparison of efficacy of HCAG and FLAG re-induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia patients of low- and intermediate-risk groups

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of HCAG and FLAG re-induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients of low- and intermediate-risk groups following induction failure.MethodsA total of 98 AML patients were enrolled. Among these subjects, 47 patients were treated with HCAG chemotherapy, while 51 patients were treated with FLAG chemotherapy.ResultThe complete remission (CR) and overall remission (OFF) were 24% and 38%, respectively in patients with HCAG induction chemotherapy, while the corresponding percentages were 28% and 42% in subject receiving FLAG chemotherapy. The median survival time of progress-free survival (PFS) was 29.8 (95% CI 23.749–35.851) months in the HCAG group and 30.8 (95% CI 21.728–39.872) months in the FLAG group (P = 0.620). A total of 42 patients in the HCAG group suffered from grade 4 hematological toxicity, while this adverse reaction was noted for all patients who were treated with FLAG chemotherapy (P = 0.023). A total of 19 cases indicated apparent nonhematological toxicity in the HCAG group, while only 40 (78.4%) were noted with these adverse reactions in the FLAG group (P = 0.000).ConclusionThe HCAG regimen exhibited a similar effect compared with the FLAG regimen in low- and intermediate-risk groups, although the HCAG regimen significantly decreased the toxicity compared with that noted in the FLAG regimen group.

Chryselium, a New South American Genus Segregated from Helichrysum (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae)*

Abstract—Chryselium Urtubey &amp; S. E. Freire, a new monotypic genus, is here described and illustrated to accomodate one species that was initially placed in Helichrysum, H. gnaphalioides, as Chryselium gnaphalioides. The new genus, Chryselium, is a monoecious herb with single stems and terminal capitulescences that are densely glomerulate from the Tropical Andes of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru. This genus differs fundamentally from Helichrysum by having a stoloniferous habit and corollas with purple apices. A molecular analysis using DNA sequences from nuclear (ITS and ETS) markers placed this genus in a clade with Chevreulia, Cuatrecasasiella, Antennaria, and Diaperia in the FLAG group. Affinities of the new genus with genera previously assigned to Chryselium are also discussed.

The FOSSIL Study: FLAG or standard 7+3 induction therapy in secondary acute myeloid leukemia

Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) have poor outcomes, with CR/CRi rates of 25–35% with standard 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy, while single center non-comparative analyses suggest promising outcomes with FLAG. We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study assessing outcomes in treatment-naïve patients with sAML treated with fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (FLAG, n = 40) compared with 7 + 3 (n = 66). Median patient age was 63 years (range: 27–82) in the FLAG group and 60 years (range: 21–76) in the 7 + 3 group (P = 0.968). Patients treated with FLAG achieved higher overall response rates (CR + CRi + MLFS) compared to 7 + 3 (70% vs. 48%, P = 0.043). FLAG was well tolerated, with only one induction death (30-day mortality rate, 3% vs. 8%, P = 0.405) and no cases of cerebellar toxicity. Duration of neutropenia was significantly shorter with FLAG (median 16 vs. 23 days, P < 0.001). Half of the FLAG-treated patients proceeded to consolidative therapy compared with only 27% of those who received 7 + 3 (P = 0.022). Overall survival was comparable between groups (8.5 mos, FLAG vs. 9.1 mos, 7 + 3; P = 0.798). Thus, FLAG may represent a low-cost treatment strategy in sAML that produces higher response rates and promising survival outcomes with minimal treatment-related toxicity. Further studies are required to prospectively compare FLAG to the newly FDA-approved CPX-351 in sAML.

Coupling performance of tandem flexible inverted flags in a uniform flow

The interaction of tandem inverted flexible flags in a uniform flow is investigated. For the inverted flags, their ends are fixed with their heads freely flapping. A direct numerical simulation is performed for which the Reynolds number is of order 200. Large flapping amplitude as well as large drag force is preferred because more energy may be harvested if more bending energy is generated. For the simple case of two tandem inverted flags, the drag force and flapping amplitude of the rear flag are found to be smaller than those of an isolated inverted flag due to the destructive merging mode of vortices. However, it is still unknown whether more bending energy can be generated when coupled inverted flags are arranged properly. To explore the possibility, inverted flags are proposed to be arranged as two rows, which indicate two lines of inverted flags perpendicular to the direction of the incoming flow, and flags in the front and rear rows are in-line or staggered. First the results for infinite flags with periodic boundary condition are presented. In both the in-line and the staggered arrangements, due to the interactions between the front–rear flags, the flapping amplitude or the maximum bending deformation and bending energy of a flag in the rear row can be enhanced, which may be significantly higher than those of an isolated case. Meanwhile, the bending energy of a flag in the front row is close to that of an isolated case. Second, results for finite inverted flag groups show that antiphase synchronization is preferred. When the group number is large enough, the bending energies of the front and rear flags in the inner groups are close to those in the infinite case. This finding may be helpful for the designing of an efficient energy harvesting device using inverted flags.

Correlation between the cell population in the automated hematology analyzer high-fluorescence region and atypical lymphocyte flags.

During routine blood measurements using an automated hematology analyzer, two easily confused types of suspect flags related to lymphocytes often appear: atypical and immature lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of high fluorescence cell (HFC) parameter and lymphocyte flags determined from an automated hematology analyzer. A total of 93 patients affected by various pathologic conditions (viral infection, immunological disease, oncological disease and tumor) were divided into an "atypical lymphocytes" group ("atypical" for short), an "immature lymphocytes/blasts" flag group (abnormal), a mixed-flag group that includes "atypical lymphocytes" (mixed), and a non-flag group (non-flag). The numbers of HFCs in the atypical, abnormal, mixed, and non-flag groups were 1.8% (0.9%-5.5%), 0.7% (0.1%-5.0%), 2.3% (1.2%-5.0%), and 0.8% (0.7%-1.2%), respectively. The HFCs of "atypical" appeared as a separate cluster with clear boundaries. The HFCs of "abnormal" as an unclear boundaries, and it was difficult to accurately distinguish between the HFCs from the immature lymphocytes and the normal lymphocytes. The lower limit of HFC when the atypical lymphocyte flag appeared was 0.04×109 /L. The number of HFCs was similar to atypical lymphocytes detected by microscopy and CD19+ CD20- CD27++ cells by flow cytometry at 78% and 76%, respectively. The number of HFCs detected in "atypical" and CD19+ CD20- CD27++ cells showed good consistency (r=.715), whereas the consistency was poorest for "abnormal" (r=.176). It demonstrates that HFCs reflects atypical lymphocytes better than immature lymphocytes/blasts.

Efficacy Comparison of Different Salvage Treatment Regimens for Patients with Refractory/Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

To compare the efficacy and safety of 3 different regimens, namely MAC, FLAG and CAG, as the re-induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia(AML) patients with primary induction failure and relapse. The clinical data of 156 AML patients with primary induction failure and relapse, except patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL), treated with any of the above 3 regimens in our center from January 2008 to April 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment regimens, 156 patients were divided into MAC group (n=60), FLAG group (n=45) and CAG group (n=51). The complete remission(CR), partial remissison(PR), overall survival(OS), disease-free survival(DFS) and adverse events during the treatment were analyzed, so as to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 3 different regimens. After 1 course of re-induction chemotherapy, CR in MAC group was significantly higher than that in FLAG and CAG group (55.4% vs 34.1% vs 34.0%)(P<0.05). The OS was not statistically significantly different among 3 groups (P>0.05) with a median OS of 11 months, 5.46 months and 10.2 months, respectively. The myelosuppression was the main adverse event with no significant difference among the groups(P>0.05). More patients treated with MAC regimen underwent febrile neutropenia (93.3% vs 86.7% vs 64.7%)(P<0.001). However, the incidence of fatal infections was not signicantly different among 3 groups(5% vs 8.9% vs 5.9%)(P>0.05). Compared with FLAG and CAG regimen, the MAC regimen can enable more AML patients with primary induction failure and refractory to achieve CR without increasing severe adverse events,therefore,this regimen may provide a opportunity for patients to recieve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The status of orchid conservation in China

Orchids are a flag group in plant conservation. China has not a rich orchid flora, with only about 1200 specie in about 170 genera, but it is distin- guished by having a wider range of broad ecosystem types. On orchid vegetative morphology, a feature reflecting environmental conditions, China has equal numbers of terrestrial and epiphytic (including litho- phytic) genera. This feature is quite different from the tropical zone where epiphytic orchids are majority and from the temperate regions where terrestrial orchids predominate, and is unique in the world orchids flora.

Synsedimentary to Early Diagenetic Gold in Black Shale-Hosted Pyrite Nodules at the Golden Mile Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia

Synsedimentary to Early Diagenetic Gold in Black Shale-Hosted Pyrite Nodules at the Golden Mile Deposit, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia

THE MINERALOGY OF THE BELLEROPHON-NELSON TELLURIDE-BEARING GOLD DEPOSIT, ST. IVES CAMP, YILGARN CRATON, WESTERN AUSTRALIA

The newly discovered Bellerophon-Nelson telluride-bearing gold deposit at the St. Ives camp, Western Australia, is hosted by meta-sedimentary rocks of the lower Black Flag Group and alkaline intrusions. Four stages of mineralization are recognized; from oldest to youngest these are: quartz-carbonate veins (Stage I), quartz-albite-carbonate-pyrite veins and sericite-pyrite seams (Stage II), quartz-pyrite veins (Stage III), and carbonate ± chlorite veins (Stage IV). Stages II and III contain economic gold mineralization, and the gold grains are strongly associated with pyrite. Intense albite and hematite alteration surround the mineralized veins, and trace amounts of gold precipitated in these altered rocks. The albite and hematite alterations are synchronous and derived from the same oxidized fluid as the auriferous veins. The occurrence and absence of hematite within the alteration zone reflects variable amounts of magnetite in the precursor rocks. Thirteen species of telluride and sulfosalt minerals have been identified in Stages II and III. The most common telluride minerals include calaverite, petzite, tellurobismuthite, and altaite, and these minerals have similar occurrences to native gold. In addition to native gold, telluride and sulfosalt minerals are also major Au carriers and account for at least 15% of the gold in this deposit. The mineral associations of PbCl(OH)–Pb2Cl3(OH)–Te–TeO2 and BiOCl–BiO(OH,Cl)–Te–TeO2 were formed as replacement of earlier telluride minerals as the result of reactions with Cl-bearing fluids. The intergrowth between native gold and Cl-bearing minerals + native Te/Te-oxide indicates that Au in telluride minerals was remobilized and re-deposited. The phase diagram for the telluride and sulfosalt mineral association suggests that during Stage II logƒS2 decreased from −8 to −11, and that logƒTe2 increased from −8 to the level required for the formation of Te-oxide. The values of logƒTe2 and logƒS2 in the Stage III veins were −8 to −11 and −9 to −11.5, respectively. The highly oxidized, tellurium-enriched hydrothermal fluid, which formed the Bellerophon gold telluride deposit, is consistent with the involvement of magmatic fluid, and sulfidation is the likely cause of gold precipitation.