Fixed Rate Policy Research Articles

MGF‐based analysis of κ‐μ/gamma composite fading model for indoor off body communication

AbstractThis paper presents the moment generating function (MGF)–based analysis of κ‐μ/gamma composite fading model, which is suitable for the indoor off‐body communication channel. In this paper, first of all, we derive an analytical expression for MGF of instantaneous signal‐to‐noise ratio. By using the derived MGF, the expressions of average symbol error rate (ASER)/average bit error rate (ABER) for binary and M‐ary modulation scheme are derived. Using the MGF approach, we also derive the expression of channel capacity for optimum rate adaption and channel inversion with fixed rate policy. The derived expressions for ABER/ASER and channel capacity are presented in the infinite series form. We further present the numerical results of error rate and channel capacity for different values of κ, μ, α, and β parameters. The result of ABER and channel capacity shows good agreement with the previously reported results as special cases that verify the derived expressions.

Ergodic Channel Capacity for Rayleigh Fading Channels with Impairments Due to Errors in M-Branch Hybrid Diversity Combining

Novel closed-form expressions are derived for Ergodic channel capacity for fading channels with impairments due to combining errors for M-branch Rayleigh fading with Generalized Diversity Combining. Four different adaptation policies are analyzed for (1) maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity, (2) spread spectrum (SS) diversity with MRC and Antenna diversity with selection combining (SC), and (3) SS diversity with SC and Antenna diversity with MRC diversity reception cases. Correlation is defined physically as the similarity between the channel coefficients of the pilot and the message. If the pilot and the message are highly correlated, we have a high system performance. Optimal power and rate adaptation policy yields the best spectrum efficiency, while channel inversion with fixed rate policy suffers the highest penalty in comparison to other policies.

Spectrum Efficiency Evaluation of SM MC-CDM with ZF USIC Under Different Adaptive Transmission Techniques

In this paper, closed form expressions for capacities per unit bandwidth for Spatially Multiplexed Multicarrier-Code Division Multiplexing with Zero Forcing Unified Successive Interference Cancellation detection are derived for optimal power and rate adaptation, optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power, channel inversion with fixed rate, and truncated channel inversion adaptation policies, taking into account the effect of perfect channel estimation at the receiver. Optimal power and rate adaptation policy provides the highest capacity over other adaptation policies. Truncated channel inversion policy suffers a large capacity penalty relative to the optimal power adaptation policy. However, the capacity penalty for the truncated channel inversion policy is lower compared to channel inversion with fixed rate policy. Furthermore, we derive analytical results for (1) capacity statistics, (2) Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function, and (3) Probability Density Function.

Spectrum Efficiency Evaluation with Multiuser Scheduling and MRC Antenna Diversity with Effects of Combining Errors for Rayleigh Fading Channels with Feedback

In this paper, we present an analytical framework to jointly investigate MRC diversity and multiuser scheduling under Rayleigh fading channels with the effect of combining errors under a low SNR regime. We derive spectrum efficiency expressions for multiuser scheduling systems with two different cases of multiuser scheduling, (1) Full feedback user scheduling (2) Limited feedback user scheduling with effects of combining errors. A signal to noise ratio (SNR) based user selection scheme is considered. For combining errors, correlation is defined as the magnitude of the complex cross-correlation between the transmission coefficients of the medium associated with pilot and message frequencies. We derive the probability density function and cumulative density function for the above cases. Adaptation policies like (1) Optimal power and rate adaptation policy (OPRA), (2) Optimal rate adaptation policy, (3) Channel inversion with fixed rate policy, (4) Truncated channel inversion with fixed rate policy are employed to improve system performance. It is observed that limited feedback user scheduling along with employment of adaptation policies yields better system performance compared to full feedback user scheduling. Further, OPRA policy yields maximum capacity among the four policies.

Novel Closed-Form Expressions for Ergodic Capacity of MIMO-OSFBC-OFDM Systems Over Channel Adaptation Policies

In this work, closed-form expressions for capacities per unit bandwidth for MIMO-OFDM systems employing Orthogonal Space-Frequency Block Coding over multipath frequency-selective fading channels are derived for adaptation policies like optimal power and rate adaptation, optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power, channel inversion with fixed rate, and truncated channel inversion polices. A Signal-to-Noise Ratio based user selection scheme is considered. Optimal power and rate adaptation policy provides the highest capacity over other adaptation policies. Capacity penalty is the highest for optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power policy, while the performance of channel inversion with fixed rate policy and truncated channel inversion policy lie between that of OPRA and ORA policies.

Spectrum Efficiency of WiMAX Networks in the presence of Interference with Diversity Combining

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a promising technology which can offer high speed voice, video and data services upto the requirements at the customer's end. The objectives of this paper is to evaluate the Performance evaluation of a WiMAX system under various diversity schemes (Selection combining, Maximal ratio combining and Equal gain combining), employing different adaptive transmission policies, such as Optimal power and rate adaptation policy, Optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power policy, Channel inversion with fixed rate policy, and Truncated channel inversion policy, subjected to co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference. WiMAX system incorporates OFDM with 256 sub-carriers with QPSK modulation as the transmission scheme. Simulated results of the estimated spectrum efficiency show that the implementation of Optimal power and rate adaptation policy under Selection combining is highly effective to combat co- channel interference and adjacent channel interference in the WiMAX communication system. Keywords-channel interference; Adjacent channel interference; Optimal power and rate adaptation policy; Optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power policy; Channel inversion with fixed rate policy; Truncated channel inversion with fixed rate policy.

Spectrum efficiency of Fixed WiMAX OFDM network in the presence of co-channel interference with diversity combining

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a promising technology which can offer high speed voice, video and data services upto the requirements at the customer's end. The objectives of this paper is the Performance evaluation of a WiMAX system under various diversity schemes (Selection combining, Maximal ratio combining and Equal gain combining), employing different adaptive transmission policies, such as Optimal power and rate adaptation policy, Optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power policy, Channel inversion with fixed rate policy, and Truncated channel inversion policy, subjected to co-channel interference. The WiMAX system incorporates OFDM with BPSK modulation as the transmission scheme. Simulated results of the estimated spectrum efficiency shows that the implementation of Optimal power and rate adaptation policy is highly effective to combat co-channel interference in the WiMAX communication system, under Selection combining.

Could a variable ethanol blender’s tax credit work?

The purpose of this article is to analyze how a variable corn-based ethanol blender’s credit might work in comparison with the current fixed per gallon credit. We first review some specifics regarding the current fixed-credit policy and then discuss basic issues pertaining to a variable credit policy. We follow this with a comparison of the historical performance of two variable blending policies, namely one that is based on crude oil prices and one that is based on ethanol-blending margins. A comparison of a variable credit and the present fixed rate policy shows that a variable tax credit can achieve program savings, by providing incentives to the ethanol industry only when it would experience losses without support from the tax credit.

Spectrum Efficiency of Weibull Fading Channels for Various Adaptation Policies with and Without Diversity Combining

In this paper, closed-form expressions for the capacities per unit bandwidth (spectrum efficiency) of Weibull fading channels are derived and plotted for (a) Switch and Stay Combining diversity case and (b) no diversity case for adaptation policies like: (i) Optimal Power and Rate Adaptation policy, (ii) Optimal Rate Adaptation with constant transmit power policy, (iii) Channel Inversion with Fixed Rate policy, and (iv) Truncated Channel Inversion policy. In addition, spectrum efficiency expressions for asymptotic approximations, upper bounds, approximations for low and high SNR cases are derived for the cases with and without diversity. The probability density function of capacity, and the complementary cumulative distribution function of capacity are derived and plotted from the moment generating function for the cases with and without diversity. Optimal power and rate adaptation policy provides the highest capacity and optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power policy provides the highest capacity penalty over other policies for the no diversity and SSC diversity cases. Numerical results for spectrum efficiency are plotted for all adaptation policies with and without diversity.

Spectrum efficiency for Rayleigh fading channels with diversity combining in the presence of co-channel interference

In this paper, closed form expressions for capacities per unit bandwidth for various diversity schemes, such as selection combining, maximal ratio combining and equal gain combining, when subjected to co-channel interference, are derived for optimal power and rate adaptation, optimal rate adaptation with constant transmit power, channel inversion with fixed rate, and truncated channel inversion policies. Optimal power and rate adaptation policy provides the highest spectrum efficiency and channel inversion with fixed rate policy provides the highest spectrum efficiency penalty over other adaptation policies for the diversity schemes discussed. Maximal ratio combining scheme with optimal power and rate adaptation policy yields highest spectrum efficiency as compared to other two diversity schemes when subjected to co-channel interference.

Spectrum Efficiency Evaluation for MRC Diversity Schemes Under Different Adaptation Policies Over Generalized Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper, closed-form expressions for the capacities per unit bandwidth for Generalized Rayleigh fading channels are derived for optimal power adaptation, constant transmit power, channel inversion with fixed rate, and truncated channel inversion adaptation policies. The closed-form solutions are derived for the single antenna reception (without diversity combining) and MRC diversity reception cases. Optimal power adaptation policy provides the highest capacity over the other adaptation policies both with and without diversity combining. Truncated channel inversion policy suffers a large capacity penalty relative to the optimal power adaptation policy as the number of degrees of freedom is increased. However, with increase in diversity, the capacity penalty for the truncated channel inversion policy decreases. Capacity gains are more prominent for channel inversion with fixed rate policy as compared to the other adaptation policies.

On the capacity of orthogonalised correlated MIMO channels under different adaptive transmission techniques

Orthogonal space-time block codes (STBCs) are known to orthogonalise the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel, thus reducing the space-time vector detection to a simpler scalar detection problem. The capacity of STBCs over correlated Rayleigh and Ricean flat-fading MIMO channels under different adaptive transmitting techniques is studied. Three adaptive schemes known as optimal power and rate allocation, total channel inversion with fixed rate policy and its truncated variant are studied. Taking into account the effect of channel correlation, closed-form expressions are obtained for the capacity of orthogonalised Rayleigh and Ricean MIMO channels under these adaptive transmission techniques in order to avoid Monte-Carlo simulations.

Spectral Efficiency Evaluation for MRC Diversity Schemes Over Generalized Rician Fading Channels

In this paper, closed-form expressions for the capacities per unit bandwidth for generalized Rician fading channels are derived for power and rate adaptation, constant transmit power, channel inversion with fixed rate, and truncated channel inversion adaptation policies. The closed-form solutions are derived for the single antenna reception (without diversity combining) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) diversity cases. Truncated channel inversion adaptation policy is the best policy for the single antenna reception case, while the channel inversion with fixed rate policy is the best policy for the MRC diversity case. Constant transmit power policy provides the lowest spectral efficiency as compared to the other policies with and without diversity.