Five-factor Model Personality Dimensions Research Articles

Not only assholes drive Mercedes. Besides disagreeable men, also conscientious people drive high‐status cars

In a representative sample of Finnish car owners (N=1892) we connected the Five-Factor Model personality dimensions to driving a high-status car. Regardless of whether income was included in the logistic model, disagreeable men and conscientious people in general were particularly likely to drive high-status cars. The results regarding agreeableness are consistent with prior work that has argued for the role of narcissism in status consumption. Regarding conscientiousness, the results can be interpreted from the perspective of self-congruity theory, according to which consumers purchase brands that best reflect their actual or ideal personalities. An important implication is that the association between driving a high-status car and unethical driving behaviour may not, as is commonly argued, be due to the corruptive effects of wealth. Rather, certain personality traits, such as low agreeableness, may be associated with both unethical driving behaviour and with driving a high-status car.

The Associations of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms, Five-Factor Model Personality Dimensions, and Personality Fragmentation among Depressed Inpatients

Background: Major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder are highly comorbid. In previous studies, certain Five-Factor Model personality dimensions have been associated with both borderline personality disorder and major depression. Multiple Self States Model personality fragmentation has also been associated with borderline personality disorder. However, the specificity of these associations remains unclear. We examined whether personality fragmentation and Five-Factor Model personality dimensions are associated with borderline personality disorder symptoms among depressed psychiatric patients. Methods: A sample of 43 depressed psychiatric hospital inpatients filled in the Personality Structure Questionnaire, the NEO Personality Inventory, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Questionnaire on borderline personality disorder symptoms. We examined the associations of Five-Factor Model personality dimensions and Multiple Self States model personality fragmentation with borderline personality disorder symptom sum-score and with the number of endorsed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders borderline personality disorder symptoms with linear regression analyses. The analyses were adjusted for age and education level of the participants and/or concurrent depressive symptoms. Results: Higher personality fragmentation and higher Neuroticism were associated with significantly higher borderline personality disorder symptom sum-score and with a significantly higher number of endorsed borderline personality disorder symptoms. These associations were independent of sociodemographic covariates and concurrent depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Among depressed patients, higher levels of borderline personality disorder symptoms show independent, significant associations with higher personality fragmentation and higher Neuroticism. These two personality dimensions thus informatively characterize depressed patients with high levels of borderline personality disorder symptoms.

Associations between the five-factor model of personality and leukocyte telomere length in elderly men and women: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS)

ObjectivePersonality traits have been associated with cardiometabolic diseases and mental disorders as well as with longevity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Accelerated cellular aging may play a role in this process. We studied whether personality traits in late adulthood, as defined in the five-factor model (FFM), were associated with a biomarker of cellular vitality, leukocyte telomere length (LTL). MethodsAt a mean age of 63.4 (SD=2.8) years, 1671 (742 men, 929 women) participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study filled in the Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). LTL was measured at a mean age of 61.5 (SD=2.9) years by using a real-time quantitative PCR method. ResultsNone of the FFM personality dimensions were significantly associated with the LTL in the analyses of both sexes combined. We however found interaction between sex and agreeableness (B=0.020, 95% CI=.008, 0.032, p=.001) and in the sex-specific analyses, men who scored higher on agreeableness (B=−0.086, 95% CI=−0.155, −0.016, p=.016) and women who scored lower on agreeableness (B=0.074, 95% CI=0.014, 0.134, p=.016) had shorter LTL. ConclusionsFFM dimensions of personality were not associated with LTL in a sample of elderly individuals. The counterintuitive and sporadic sex specific finding on agreeableness requires replication. Overall our findings suggest that LTL, a biomarker of cellular aging, may not offer insight into the associations between personality, longevity and health.

The Five-Factor Model of personality and Degree and Transitivity of Facebook social networks

The present study examined the associations of the Five-Factor Model personality dimensions with Degree (number of friends) and Transitivity (the likelihood that two of a person’s friends are friends with each other) of a person’s network on the social networking site Facebook. A Facebook application administered a personality questionnaire and objectively recorded properties of the participants’ (N=5031; 65% female, mean age 33years) social networks. As expected, Extraversion predicted Degree, whereas Openness to Experience and, among men, Agreeableness predicted more cross-sex friendships. Also as expected, Extraversion and, among men, Openness to Experience predicted lower Transitivity, but the former association was rendered insignificant when Degree was controlled for.

Executive functions, five-factor model personality dimensions and cognitive style in adolescents

To assess the relationships between behavioral executive functions, personality dimensions and cognitive style in a sample of adolescents. Forty-five participants (51.1% females) aged 10 – 14 years old performed individually, a set of behavioral (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function: Self-Report-Teacher-Parent forms) executive functions, personality (Big Five Questionnaire – Children and Adolescents) and cognitive style (Matching Familiar Figures Test) tests. Moderate and significant correlations were found between behavioral executive functions scores, dimensions of personality (conscientiousness, openness, extroversion and agreeableness) and cognitive style. Correlations between informants (parents and teachers) for behavioral executive functions ratings were moderate and positive. As in other studies, these results suggest relationships between executive functions, personality traits and cognitive styles. Implications of the results and the limitations of the study are discussed.

Trajectories of physical growth and personality dimensions of the Five-Factor Model.

Although physical growth in early life is associated with the risk of somatic illnesses and psychological disorders in adulthood, few studies have focused upon the associations between growth and dimensional personality traits. We examined the associations between pre- and postnatal growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) and Five-Factor Model dimensions in adulthood. From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 1,682 participants completed the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) at an average age of 63 years. Growth estimates were derived based on medical records. Adjusting for gestational length and sociodemographic variables, birth weight showed a quadratic association with neuroticism; participants with low birth weight scored the highest on neuroticism. Larger ponderal index at birth predicted higher agreeableness, while average ponderal index predicted higher conscientiousness. BMI and weight growth trajectories from birth to adulthood were associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness. More specifically, less BMI and weight gain between 7 and 11 years and/or between 11 years and adulthood were associated with higher conscientiousness and higher agreeableness. Height and weight growth trajectories from birth to adulthood were associated with extraversion: faster height and weight growth between birth and 6 months, slower height growth between 7 and 11 years, and faster weight gain between 11 years and adulthood were associated with higher extraversion. Openness to experience was not associated with growth. This longitudinal study supports an association between pre- and postnatal physical growth and 4 of the Five-Factor Model personality dimensions in adulthood.

Five-Factor Model personality dimensions and right-wing attitudes: Psychological bases of punitive attitudes?

The present study investigates in an adult sample ( N = 220) whether the relationships between the Five-Factor Model personality dimensions and punitive attitudes (i.e., deterrence, desert, Moral Balance, incapacitation, and rehabilitation) are mediated by right-wing attitudes (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation). Three important results were obtained. First, the specific punitive attitudes referred to three higher order dimensions: Harsh Punishment, Social-Constructive treatment and Moral Balance. Second, Harsh Punishment was largely driven by right-wing attitudes and broadband personality traits. Furthermore, RWA fully mediated the effect of Neuroticism, while the effects of Openness to ExperienceOpenness and Extraversion were only partially mediated. Third, Social-Constructiveness and Moral Balance were only poorly related to broadband personality and right-wing attitudes.

Research Note—How Does Personality Matter? Relating the Five-Factor Model to Technology Acceptance and Use

The five-factor model (FFM) of personality has been used to great effect in management and psychology research to predict attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors, but has largely been ignored in the IS field. We demonstrate the potential utility of incorporating this model into IS research by using the FFM personality factors in the context of technology acceptance. We propose a dispositional perspective to understanding user attitudes and beliefs, and examine the effect of user personality—captured using the FFM's big five factors—on both the perceived usefulness of and subjective norms toward the acceptance and use of technology. Using logged usage data from 180 new users of a collaborative technology, we found general support for our hypotheses that the FFM personality dimensions can be useful predictors of users' attitudes and beliefs. We also found strong support for the relationships between intention to use and system use.

The five-factor model and personality disorder empirical literature: A meta-analytic review

The current meta-analysis reviews research examining the relationships between each of the five-factor model personality dimensions and each of the 10 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) personality disorder diagnostic categories. Effect sizes representing the relationships between these two constructs were compiled from 15 independent samples. Results were analyzed both within each individual personality disorder category and across personality disorders, indicating how personality disorders are different and similar, respectively, with regard to underlying personality traits. In terms of how personality disorders differ, the results showed that each disorder displays a five-factor model profile that is meaningful and predictable given its unique diagnostic criteria. With regard to their similarities, the findings revealed that the most prominent and consistent personality dimensions underlying a large number of the personality disorders are positive associations with Neuroticism and negative associations with Agreeableness. Extraversion appears to be a more discriminating dimension, as indicated by prominent but directionally variable associations with the personality disorders. The implications of these meta-analytic findings for clinical application and the advancement of future research are discussed.

Free-response self-discrepancies across, among, and within FFM personality dimensions.

An approach for personality-based self-discrepancy (PBSD) measurement is proposed, whereby self-beliefs and incongruities among their contents are assessed with respect to five-factor model (FFM) semantic dimensions. Selves Questionnaire attributes from 191 college students were coded against L. R. Goldberg's (1990) FFM factor analysis to construct personality scores for actual, ideal, and ought self domains, as well as several PBSD indices. Multivariate analyses were conducted to test self-discrepancy and personality-structure hypotheses, and to demonstrate this strategy's operational flexibility. Profile analyses indicated that empirical self-discrepancies depend upon whether and how personality structure is incorporated. Methodological alterations influenced self-discrepancy findings negligibly. Initial evidence for PBSD construct validity and predictive specificity is presented, and the approach's implications, advantages, and extensions are discussed.

The Five Factor Model of Personality and the DSM-III-R Personality Disorders: Correspondence and Differentiation

A comprehensive appraisal of the relevance of the five factor model of personality to diagnostic categories for the personality disorders requires two steps. First, substantive correspondence between the general personality model and the DSM-III-R (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) formulation of the personality disorders must be demonstrated. Second, those manifestations of the general personality dimensions that bear specifically upon personality disorder must be differentiated from their broader, less problematic manifestations. Wiggins and Pincus (1989) and Costa and McCrae (1990) have shown that the personality disorder diagnostic categories can be meaningfully related to the five factor model (FFM) of personality. These studies employed an external analysis to demonstrate correspondence. The present study used an alternative internal conceptual analysis. With regard to correspondence, our findings largely replicate those reported from studies employing an external analysis. In addition, internal conceptual analysis is applied to delineating behavioral manifestations of the FFM personality dimensions especially relevant to the domain of the personality disorders. With regard to differentiation, our findings from this domain point to distinctive variants for the FFM dimensions of Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

DSM-III-R personality disorders and the five-factor model of personality: an empirical comparison.

The relationship between the five-factor model (FFM) of personality and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (rev. 3rd ed.; DSM-III-R) personality disorders was examined in a sample of 54 psychiatric outpatients. Correlations between raw scores on the NEO-Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) and the number of DSM-III-R personality disorder symptoms rated present using a semistructured interview were computed. In addition, correlations between NEO-PI scores and scores on two self-report personality disorder inventories were also examined to determine which results replicated across instruments. Results indicated that the FFM personality dimensions of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Agreeableness were most apparent in the DSM-III-R conceptualizations of the personality disorders.