Fish Breeding Farm Research Articles

Multivariate analysis of morphological variability of the initial stock intrabreed type of Sarboyan carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.)

The analysis of morphological variability of the initial stock within the breed type Sarboyan carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by the principal component method is presented. The research was conducted in 2022, 2023 in the Novosibirsk region. The Sarboyan carp stock (males and females) from the fish breeding farm was studied according to eight valuation measurements: body weight, absolute body length, body length without tail fin, maximum height, width and girth. A comparative analysis of the body features of the Sarboyan carp belonging to four haplotypes (H1, H15, H16, H17) was carried out. The morphometric features of the Sarboyan carp were processed using principal component method. It was found that sexual dimorphism was noted on the basis of total size: females have larger sizes than males. In the fish stock under study, a trend towards the difference between H1 and H16 haplotypes was established. The individuals in the H1 haplotype are relatively thicker and shorter compared to H16. There is a group of fish with unknown haplotypes in the data structure, all of which show a shift towards the third component relative to H1, i.e. they have a higher back and smaller body thickness. No haplotypic differences were found in the component showing an apparent inverse relationship between head length trait, body length and absolute fish length. Multivariate analysis of morphological variability also showed that distribution of the individuals in the three-dimensional space PC2-PC3-PC4, free from size-age variability, allows pre-selection of fish with the required proportions of morphological features for further reproduction.

The Species Composition and Prevalence of Thorny-Headed Worms (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae, Neoechinorhynchidae and Pomphorhynchidae) in Trouts, Complex Measures to Control Them in Fish Farms in the Territory of Azerbaijan Republic

During period 2015-2020 spreading of acanthocephaliasis in the rainbow and brown trout in the fish breeding farms of Azerbaijan Republic was studied. Totally, from 668 fish examined specimens 430 (64.37%) were infected. Correlation of data on the extensiveness and intensity of invasion by thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) in trout farms is ventured to make an assumption about unfavorable epidemiological situation in trout breeding farms of the Republic of Azerbaijan. For the purpose of control acanthocephaliasis in trout, a number of drugs were used. The most effective drug was Tetramizole-20%, which was adopted in the trout farms.

Experience of breeding char (genus Salvelinus) under industrial fish harvedy farming conditions

Of undoubted interest is the introduction into the aquaculture of the region of such a species native to the basins of the Kara and Laptev seas as the Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (L.). A number of biological features of this species give special relevance to the prospects of the char as an object of aquaculture. The purpose of the work is experimental research and experience in breeding Arctic char using the example of the freshwater form of char on the Taimyr Peninsula. Information provided. Objectives: to study the conditions of keeping, feeding and growth characteristics of freshwater char when kept in cages on the Yenisei River. The object of the study was the freshwater form of char of the Taimyr Peninsula of generations 2021–2022. The study was carried out at two sites of Maltat LLC (Balahtinsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, fish breeding farm in the city of Divnogorsk near the dam of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station) and at the Department of Breeding, Genetics, Biology and Aquatic Bioresources of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. Environmental conditions, growth characteristics, growth rate and waste (mortality) were determined. When growing, granulated feed produced by Coppens were used. It has been shown that the weight of fish during cage rearing is higher than that of loaches from their native range. The growth rate of fish is minimal in January (about 2%), maximum in June-July. Freshwater char during cage cultivation on artificial feeds in the lower reaches of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station shows high weight growth characteristics exceeding those of fish from native habitats. Thus, research has confirmed the feasibility of factory reproduction of freshwater char from reservoirs of the Taimyr Peninsula in cages on the Yenisei River.

Use of ultrasonic screening in aquaculture for the directed formation sturgeon and salmon fish mature stocks

The results of research work for the period from 2018 to 2023 on the use of early non-invasive functional ultrasound screening for the purpose of targeted formation of highly productive mature-brood stocks of Siberian sturgeon of the Ob, Yenisei, Baikal, Lena populations, European sterlet of the Kama population, Siberian sterlet of the Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh populations on main full-cycle industrial fish-breeding farms of Eastern and Western Siberia using water recirculation systems are presented in the article. Biotechnological methods for the formation of highly productive mature stocks using ultrasound monitoring are described. The number of individuals with pathologies and anomalies in the development of the reproductive system, liver, gallbladder and other internal organs were estimated; treatment methods were proposed. For the first time studies on the use of ultrasound for visualizing the gonads, determining the stages of maturity, detecting diseases of the heart, liver, gallbladder in salmon fish (trout, Atlantic salmon) grown in aquaculture have been carried out. For the first time ultrasound and histological studies were carried out to study the nature of “ink spots” on the skin of Siberian sturgeon Lena population from natural habitat. It was found that in the skin of sturgeon during pathology there was a growth of epidermal cells. Melanin melanocytes increased in both epidermis and dermis. At the same time there were no elastic fibers of the epidermis after painted according to Van-Gison. All these changes may indicate melanoma.

The Present Status of Fish Farm in Floating Cages at Thi-Qar Governorate

A field survey has been conducted for number of floating cages fish farms in 2016 at Thi-Qar Governorate. During a field visits for fish farms, we have distributed a survey forms, results of the survey showed that the number of fish breeding farms in cages in Thi-Qar Governorate reached 22 licensed farms included 458 cages were distributed on 7 districts. Highest number of cages was at Refayi District (164 cages) (41.20 %) of total number, and lowest number was at Shatra District (10 cages) (2.51 %) of total number. Farmed area of cages amounted 5926 m2, and total size 12637 m3, the highest of them were at Qalaat Cikar District (surface area = 2288 m2, 38 %; size = 5056 m3 40 %), while the lowest were at Shatra District (surface area = 120 m2, 2.05 %; size = 240 m3 1.89 %). Hilla’s Farms were the most sources of providing small fishes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) for fish farms and floating cages in Thi-Qar Governorate, where farms of Suqal shuyukh District, Refayi District, Bathaa District and Al-Nasur District were 100 % depend on Hilla’s farms. Mechanical method was the common method for feeding the farmed fish in most of Districts in the Governorate. Farmed fish rates in floating cages ranged between 200-150 g in most of the districts of the Governorate while fish marketing rates have ranged between 1.000 g - 1800 g. Duration of breeding period was ranged between 7-9 months in most of districts. Fish farming rates were convergent in all districts and ranged between 39-52 fish/m3, while the overall rate in the Governorate was 40 fish /m3.

Resumption of donor-origin spermatogenesis in senescent goldfish Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758) following spermatogonial cell therapy

Stem cell research has come into prominence because of its applications in assisted reproductive technology and the treatment of deadly diseases. In teleost fishes, spermatogonial stem cells have been effectively used to produce surrogate gametes and progeny through germ cell transplantation technique. The present study is the first report of an innovative application of stem cell therapy in fish species for revitalising the reproductive competence of senescent individuals. Senescent male goldfish, Carassius auratus, approximately 10 years of age were procured from a fish-breeding farm and were reared locally in the lab for an additional two years. The senescence of the individuals was then evaluated and confirmed using histological analysis, gonadal index assessment, and germ-cell specific vasa gene expression. Analyses revealed absence of spermatogonial cells and other germ cells in the testes of the senescent fish (n = 5). Spermatogonial cells from sexually immature C. auratus male donor were isolated using discontinuous percoll gradients, labelled with the fluorescent dye PKH-26, and transplanted into the gonads of senescent C. auratus males through urogenital papilla. Six months after the transplant, spermatozoa were collected through applying gentle manual pressure on the abdomen and were observed under a microscope. All C. auratus males with the transplant had produced spermatozoa from the transplanted cells. This was confirmed by the retention of PKH-26 in the spermatozoa and diagnostic SSR locus. Gravid C. auratus females were artificially inseminated with the spermatozoa of those senescent males and natural spawning was allowed. As a result viable progeny were produced. These observation suggests that the reproductive competence of senescent male fishes can be revitalised through spermatogonial stem cell therapy to produce functional gametes.

Prospects of Fish-Husbandry Utilization of Maloye More Fishing Area: Economic Assessment and Substantiation

The article was written on the basis of the results of the research conducted by the staff scientists of Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Baikal State University. The aim was to define ecological and economic viability of planting of prospective autochthonous aquatic species including Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius in Maloye More fishing area. The process of fish planting is considered in the light of the need for satisfying the demand for omul both among the local population and tourists visiting Maloye More. The authors give a brief analysis of the demand for fish among the above mentioned categories. On the basis of calculations, a conclusion is drawn that it is impossible to satisfy the need for omul among the population of Maloye More and tourists visiting the area, whose number is growing fast, solely by means of natural propagation. Thus, the authors made an economic assessment of viability of measures aimed at stocking Maloye More fishing area with fish. These measures include acquisition of juvenile omul and its transportation from fish-breeding farms in Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia and also construction of a fish-breeding farm in Maloye More fishing area.

Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila Strain Ae25, Isolated from a Septicemic Moribund Koi Carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) in Sri Lanka

ABSTRACTMotile aeromonad septicemia caused by mesophilic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila is a widespread problem in cultured freshwater fish. We announce here the draft genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant A. hydrophila strain Ae25, isolated from a koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) with motile aeromonad septicemia that was collected from an ornamental fish-breeding farm in Sri Lanka.

Multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of bacterial pathogens in rainbow trout

Accurate, rapid, and specific methods are required to identify pathogens for controlling bacterial diseases in fish. Various microbiological and biochemical methods are used to isolate and identify pathogens, but they are not adequately efficient and/or accurate. For example, distinguishing between Streptococcus iniae and Lactococcus garvieae is difficult via microbiological tests. Moreover, these bacteria often cause concurrent infections. Therefore, early and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens in trout is of utmost importance to prevent possible damage. Because of this, the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) method was optimized for simultaneous identification of bacterial infections caused by Yersinia ruckeri, S. iniae, and L. garvieae, three harmful bacteria of great importance in aquaculture. Multiplex PCR reaction was optimized on control samples, and the sensitivity and specificity of the test were evaluated. Multiplex PCR reaction was then performed on DNA isolated from samples collected from fish-breeding farms and transported to the laboratory. Multiplex PCR was found to be an accurate and sensitive method to identify simultaneously different species of bacteria.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ МАЛЬКОВОГО ПЕРИОДА ШЕМАИ (CHALCALBURNUSCHALCOIDES) ПРИ ИСКУССТВЕННОМ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ

The analysis of forming internal organs of shemaya ( Chalcalburnus chalcoides ) juvenile grown up in Temryuk fish breeding farm (Krasnodar region) showed that juveniles have got rather differentiated vital organs. Olfactory lobe looked like a small pair of growths on a forebrain; the third ventricle grew round; a formed epiphysis adjoined its upper part; an epithelial hypothesis adjoined its lower part. In the midbrain one could see visual lobe. The cerebellum contained considerable number of nerve cells; the medulla was shorter than a cerebellum; fossa rhomboidea was rather wide. The medulla narrowed into the spinal cord. Olfactory lobe was very wide, with open cavity, its epithelium gathered into rough longitudinal folds creating a socket. An eyeball had all well-differentiated scleras. All parts of a digestive tract had all three coats: mucous, muscular and connective; their thickness was different. The massive liver had well pronounced trabecular architectonics. Pancreas was actively producing enzymes. Shemaya juveniles have got completely formed gills that consist of filaments and lamellas. The heart of a shemaya juvenile has four well developed cameras: very wide auricle with thin walls; a ventricle; a small sinus venosus and an arterial cone. There are found species characteristics: gills have filaments of I and II orders, an arterial cone has a row of the pocket-style valves. Pathological changes are revealed in liver (fatty dystrophy) and gills (growths of a multilayered non-keratinized epithelium in the intervals between lamellas). This can be connected with violation of shemaya artificial cultivation technologies.

Правовые лакуны в оформлении статуса племенного хозяйства

The article provides an analysis of the existing order of registration of the status of fish breeding farms which allows providing them with benefits in maintenance and protecting the copyright for fish species. The evaluation of the registration procedures of the specified status identifies the discrepancy between the departmental acts and some federal laws. In particular, breeding inspections violate the Legislation on the Provision of Public Services requiring from the breeding farms to provide documents owned by other state authorities and also the authenticating of the required documents with the stamp of the legal entity. The situation is aggravated by not taking into account of the technological peculiarities of breeding in the organizations of commercial aquaculture. All this delays the procedure of assigning of breeding status to the enterprises and prevents the development of breeding in domestic fisheries. In order to create optimal conditions for the development of fisheries recommendations are given to amend the relevant legal acts of state authorities exercising control in the sphere of agricultural and industrial complex at the federal and regional level. Additionally, the attention of the fish breeding organizations concerned is drawn to the need to timely submit the documents for the registration of breeding status in the bodies authorized to consider them to avoid negative respond on formal reasons.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2017)3-19

Changes in the concentration of selected metals in sediments of the River Chotla in northwest Poland in its section affected by various anthropogenic factors

Abstract The purpose of the paper was to assess the changes in the concentration of selected metals in the bottom sediment and interstitial water of the River Chotla in northwest Poland. The research was conducted on the river section flowing through Zaspy Małe and a salmonid fish breeding farm. Samples of water and bottom sediment were taken in four control and measurement points, located above and below the village and on a backwater above the trouteries and below the fish breeding ponds. The pH and the concentration of the metals potassium, iron, calcium, manganese and zinc were determined in the water and sediment samples. The lowest concentrations of the metals were found in the samples collected above and below Zaspy Małe, while the highest concentrations of metals in the water and sediment were found in the samples taken in the backwater, above the fish breeding ponds. Exceptions were calcium and potassium, with the highest concentrations of metals in the water being found in the samples taken below the fish breeding ponds. The content of metals in sediments of the analysed section of the River Chotla was mainly determined by the content of organic matter, which varied as it is dependent on water accumulation processes and the operation of nearby fishery facilities. The slightly alkaline pH facilitated long-lasting accumulation of metals in sediments.

Control of Late Holocene Geo-processes on the sustainable development plans of the Tineh Plain, NW Sinai coast, Egypt

The Tineh Plain NW Sinai coast has been the subjected of several studies related to its stratigraphy, geoarchaeology, and sustainable development. Recently, the name of the Tineh Plain has emerged following the government of Egypt’s decision to establish a new economic project to develop the Suez Canal Sector (Suez Canal Corridor Mega Project). Landsat and SPOT satellite images acquired for years 1984, 2000, 2006, 2008 and 2010 to detect temporal changes coupled with field relations, verification, sampling, analyzing and photographing were conducted. Change detection of LU/LC show six classes; the beach, the wetland (El-Mallaha lagoon), Sabkhas or salt marshes, urban, agriculture, and fish breeding farms. In 1984, the beach (4.2 km2), El-Mallaha lagoon (26.4 km2), sabkhas or salt marches (236.7 km2) were reduced due to expansion of agriculture (120.3 km2), fish breeding farms (35.7 km2) and controlled by sediment characteristic (salinity and grain size). Accordingly, fish farms grow northward of the Tineh Plain while reclamation and cultivation extends southward. Such activities may threaten the archaeological sits at Tell El-Farama (The City of Pelusium). Three geomorphic units detected, these are the beach, the strand plain, and the deltaic plain. The beach is flat with concavo (accreted) - convex (eroded) shoreline. The strand plain made of accreted beach ridges of very low bundles, set at slight mutual angles, which sometimes truncate one another. The deltaic plain surface composed of intercalations of sand and mud of shoreface, mouth bar, and distributary channel fill. The accreted ridges representing four paleoshorelines related to Late Holocene and dated back to 400–500BP, 1100–1200BP, 1400–1500BP, and 1700–1900BP, those record the Late Holocene history (sea level, floods, and tectonics) of the Tineh Plain. The study area is waiting a plan of sustainable development, it represents phase “A” East Port Said of the Suez Canal Corridor Mega Project. This study raise the alarm of constructing heavy industries and other logistics related to shipping on the fragile environments of the Tineh Plain. This is in fact due to active tectonism, and sediment characteristics. The activities related to agriculture, fish breeding, and salts and food industries are recommended in the framework of sustainable development. It is important to include the Suez Canal Corridor Project a plan to save the ruins of fortifications of Tineh Plain. These are not only Egyptian heritage but also a world one record the history from the Persian invasions of Egypt about 6th or 7th Century B.C., through the Byzantines in 859–860, the Greeks in 954–955, the Arabic Conquest, and the Crusaders in the 12th Century. A cooperation and support from the international organization such as UNESCO should be conducted.

Gökkuşağı Alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) Çiftliklerinde Yersinia ruckeri İnfeksiyonunun Bakteriyolojik Kültür ve Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (PCR) ile İncelenmesi

Summary This study has been carried out to investigate the presence of Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of Enteric Red Mouth (ERM) disease, in rainbow trout fish breeding farms located in Elazig and Malatya provinces in Eastern Turkey. For this purpose, bacteriological culture and a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been compare with examine blood and intestine samples collected from adult and young rainbow trout fish as well as water samples collected from all the farms. Y. ruckeri was isolated and identified from eight of the 17 fish farms giving a proportion of 52.9% at fish farm. The disease was noted in five of the rainbow trout farms located in Elazig and three of the 11 rainbow trout farms located in Malatya. The agent was detected in five of the six young fish breeding farms. The isolation percentages of the causative agent at fish level were calculated as 25.7% (131/510) in adult and 31.7% (19/60) in young fish, giving an overall proportion of 26.3% (150/570). All the isolates have been successfully identified as Y. ruckeri by species-specific PCR. No isolation could be made from water samples. It is therefore concluded that Y. ruckeri infection poses a significant threat to the fish farms in the study area and necessary precautions should urgently be taken in order to minimize economical losses due to ERM disease. A specific PCR can be utilized successfully in aquaculture for rapid identification of bacterial agents which will help to prevent spread of infectious diseases and will therefore contribute to the productivity of fishery sector.

Identification of hybrids between Neotropical fish Leporinus macrocephalus and Leporinus elongatus by PCR-RFLP and multiplex-PCR: Tools for genetic monitoring in aquaculture

Interspecific fish hybrids can represent a serious threat to the aquatic environment. Consequently, genetic monitoring of organisms that are produced by interspecific hybridization aims at the application of methodologies capable of supplying, in a clear and accessible way, the identification of hybrid individuals and their respective parental species. In the present work, molecular techniques were developed to identify the hybrid lineage of “Piaupara” in order to characterize them in relation to their parental species, the female Leporinus macrocephalus (Piauçu) and the male Leporinus elongatus (Piapara). Through PCR-RFLP and multiplex-PCR, analyses involving the mitochondrial 16S DNA and nuclear α-tropomyosin gene demonstrated different electrophoretic profiles between L. macrocephalus and L. elongatus. The nuclear gene allowed the clear distinction between the parental and hybrid individuals, since the hybrids demonstrated a heterozygous pattern with diagnostic bands inherited from both parental species. The mitochondrial DNA showed the same pattern observed in L. macrocephalus in the hybrids, which can result in misidentification. The establishment of these techniques will allow the routine monitoring of the production of these hybrids in fish breeding farms and the delineation of plans for biological conservation and the proper management of the stocks.

Use of phytoperiphyton to assess water quality in north–western Russian rivers

North-west Russia, located between Ladoga and Onega Lakes and theBarents Sea, is remarkable for its high hydrological differentiation andabundance of water. The rivers and their tributaries are largely natural incharacter and with little disturbance by human activity. However, the situationis starting to change, so a biomonitoring approach has been developed to assessthe influence of land-use patterns on the structure of periphyton in thisregion. The periphyton communities in relatively pristine streams and in onesinfluenced by domestic sewage, agricultural, fish breeding farms, mineralisedmining mill wastes and other sources were analyzed in terms of speciesrichness,species diversity, species ecology values, biomass and chlorophyllconcentration.

Unsegmented flow approach for on‐linemonitoring of pH, conductivity, dissolvedoxygen and determination of nitrite andammonia in aquaculture

A fully automated flow system for on-line monitoring of analytes/parameters of interest in aquaculture is described. The approach has been optimized for the photometric determination of nitrite and ammonia and the continuous monitoring of pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen, but these analytes/parameters are readily changeable as required. The system has been tested by monitoring these species in the input and output sea water streams of tanks at a fish breeding farm and also by monitoring water containing high concentrations of fish feed.

Flow‐injection analysis for on‐linemonitoring of nutrients (ammonia and nitrite) in aquaculture

This article describes photometric flow injection (FI) methods for the determination of ammonia and nitrite in aquaculture. The methods are based on the use of normal and reversed FI approaches and show the potential of this technique for monitoring the input and output streams of small tanks at young fish-breeding farms. The methods meet the requirements of fish hatcheries, particularly in terms of the high sampling rate allowable (40/h).

Parasitoses in the Fry of Selected Freshwater Fish Species Under the Conditions of Stripping and Rearing

Navratil S.: Parasitoses in the Fry of Selected Freshwater Fish Species under the Conditions of Stripping and Rearing. Acta vet. Bmo. 60. 1991: 357-366. During the period from 1984 to 1989. the problem of parasitic invasion into the artificially reproduced and reared fry of the freshwater fish species (Barbus barbus, Chondrostoma nasus. Leuciscus cephalus, Aspius aspius) were- investigated at a specialized fish breeding farm ofthe Czech Angler's Union in Tfeb1C!-PouSov situated on the river Jihlava (the Danube river basin). The invasion with parasites was investigated in 979 fish specimens (846 juvenile. 133 adult) of the selected species and in 257 fish of other species. The reared fry of the selected fish species were found to be' endangered already in their first days ofHfe. predominantly by ectoparasitic protozoa with not definitely formed host specificity. Thus optimal rearing conditions have to be assured. along with regular exa­ mination of the health status. Efficient preventive antiparasitic baths have to be applied. It is advantagenous to complement these measures with an effective way of sanitation of the fish-rearing farms. by the investigation of the health status of fish in the feeder of the fish-hatchery and rearing pond with its regulated stocking, . or possibly by declaring relevant areas as being protected with the introduction of a closed turnover of the parent fish shoal. Barbus barbus. Chondrostoma nasus. Leuciscus cephalus. Aspius aspius. ectoparasitic protozoa. zoooeterinary measures