Fishbone Model Research Articles

Nonlinear mechanical response of finite-length soft composites with random dislocations

The effects of random dislocations on the vibrational properties of finite-length RNA and DNA macro-structures have been investigated by means of a harmonic Hamiltonian and the Green’s function method. The RNA molecule has been modeled using a half ladder model, and three models (a fishbone model and two different strand models) have been employed to model the structure of DNA. The lengths of the finite and cyclic systems are gradually increased to more accurately approximate the structures of RNA and DNA. Springs whose behaviors are governed by Hooke’s constitutive law have been used to represent the bonds between the masses, with the stiffness of the vertical springs randomly changing along the length of each model. This results in a more realistic representation of the inherent randomness of the studied structures. To investigate the effect of random dislocations on the mechanical response of the studied systems, it has been assumed that a random mass-spring ensemble has been knocked out of place by an external force. It has been found that increasing the number of building blocks along the length of the models suppresses the influence of dislocations on the vibration spectra of RNA and DNA. It was also observed that at low frequencies, the influence of dislocations becomes more pronounced. Besides, taking into account the collective mass of the sugar-phosphate backbone results in the appearance of gaps in the vibration spectra. By introducing dislocations into the models, additional dislocation-induced vibrational states appear in the DOS curves. What stands out from the results is that the responses of the studied systems to these changes are strictly nonlinear. The employed methodology can be applied to investigate the mechanical response of damaged RNA and DNA.

A simplified model for seismic risk assessment of three-dimensional irregular steel moment frame buildings

Seismic risk assessment of irregular buildings requires nonlinear dynamic analysis and three-dimensional (3D) models. However, creating and analyzing such models can be intricate and time-consuming, making the assessment process challenging. Furthermore, this complexity escalates when evaluating building stocks or generating a dataset of buildings with diverse attributes for use in learning algorithms. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-based model for irregular steel moment-resisting frame buildings to simplify 3D models and improve the time efficiency of structural assessment compared to conventional 3D models. The proposed model is derived from the fish-bone model but has enhanced configuration, elastic, and inelastic properties. These improvements aim to broaden its applicability to encompass 3D irregular mid-rise buildings. Four-, six-, and nine-story irregular buildings in plan and height are utilized to validate the proposed model. The responses investigated in these buildings include eigenvalues, pushover curves, time history responses, incremental dynamic analysis results, fragility curves, and risk analysis outcomes. The findings demonstrate that the simplified model responses are in close agreement with those of 3D models. The comparison of results between the proposed simplified model and existing models indicates that the accuracy of the simplified model is at least 2.2 times that of the existing models. Moreover, it provides an average error reduction of 60 % in contrast to the existing models. These advancements have been achieved while the proposed simplified model maintains a level of time efficiency comparable to the current models. The results from the analysis of the created buildings using the proposed simplified model indicate that the model is suitable for application in the seismic risk assessment of building inventories and generating datasets for future research involving machine learning-based methodologies.

Improved lumped parameter model for shear wall–frame structures with geometric and material nonlinearities

Lumped parameter macroscopic structural models, such as those consisting of springs and rigid sticks, are useful for parametric studies and probabilistic analyses of individual building structures as well as for regional-level assessments on building stock. The existing lumped parameter models (LPMs) for shear wall–frame dual systems exhibit some drawbacks. There is a discrepancy in their arrangement of springs. They are calibrated to match only two modal periods of the original multi-story or even high-rise building structure. The existing models also have limitations when confronted with the P-Δ effect. After a careful investigation, this paper developed new schemes of spring-stick assemblies that accurately reproduce the elastic stiffness matrix of a two-dimensional Euler–Bernoulli or Timoshenko beam–column element and cope with geometric and material nonlinearities. The developed assemblies, which are essentially lumped parameter substitutes for beam–column elements, can be used to build LPMs for moment frames and shear walls. For moment frames, the traditional fishbone model is converted into a LPM that not only reflects the beam-to-column stiffness ratio and strength ratio but also captures the P-Δ effect. Combining the LPM for shear wall with the lumped parameter fishbone model results in an improved LPM for wall–frame dual systems. Together with lumped floor masses, the improved LPM is able to accurately predict all the global vibration modes and nonlinear seismic responses of a dual system. The proposed LPM possesses distinct advantages when simplified macroscopic models are preferred for building structures.

Analisis Model Pengambilan Keputusan Dalam Program Pemberian Suplemen Makanan Pada Anak-Anak Stunting Kota Surabaya

Stunting in children and toddlers is an urgent health issue in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. This research aims to develop effective decision-making strategies in tackling stunting in the city. Through a risk factor analysis approach, evaluation of local needs, and cross-sector collaboration, a holistic and sustainable intervention strategy can be formulated. This study highlights the importance of active community involvement, including the role of mothers and families, as well as support from local governments and health institutions. Regular evaluation of program implementation and monitoring of its impact are also the main focus. Surabaya has allocated a special budget, formed a Stunting Reduction Acceleration Team, and designed an integrated recording system. Even though the food supplement program is supported by the pregnant women class, there are still obstacles such as managing a large population and low food availability. The Fishbone model is used to analyze children's nutritional needs and the factors that cause stunting. It is hoped that the results will provide practical guidance for decision makers and stakeholders in designing and implementing effective stunting prevention programs, with the ultimate aim of improving the health and welfare of children in the city of Surabaya.

A piecewise inverse finite element method for shape sensing of the morphing wing fishbone

The shape sensing technology plays a significant role in enhancing the structural performance and flight efficiency of the morphing aircraft by providing feedback to actuation and control systems in real time. The inverse finite element method (iFEM) is a fast, accurate, and robust shape-sensing method based on in-situ surface strain measurements. However, the conventional iFEM becomes less effective when applied to real engineering structures. Thus, this paper proposes a piecewise iFEM (P-iFEM) based on a two-node inverse Hermite beam element (iHB2) for the load-bearing structure of the morphing wing. The P-iFEM method discretizes the structure into a combination of rigid and elastic parts, based on the geometry of the structure when assembling the inverse elements. The Hermite polynomial shape function in iHB2 is adopted to increase the reconstruction efficiency, as only one degree of freedom of deflection is required to achieve the C1-continuity to reconstruct the displacement fields. The high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are validated with a numerical fishbone model. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a fishbone structure of a real adaptive deformed wing with high accuracy.

Vibration spectra of DNA and RNA segments.

The dispersion curves and density of states are used to analyze the vibrational characteristics of DNA and RNA segments. This is done using a harmonic Hamiltonian and the Green's function technique. Two configurations of DNA and RNA, finite and cyclic, have been investigated and compared to their infinite counterparts. For the DNA molecule, three models, including a fishbone model, a ldder model, and a fishbone ladder model, have been employed, while the RNA molecule has been represented using a half fishbone model. To enhance the realism of DNA and RNA simulations, the unit cells within each infinite system as well as the length of the finite and cyclic cases are gradually enlarged. The connections between the sub-sites have been modeled using linear springs, where the stiffness of the vertical springs exhibits random variations throughout the length of the DNA and RNA models. Shorter DNA and RNA segments exhibit additional peaks in their density of states, resulting in more bands in dispersion curves. This indicates that as the number of building blocks grows in these segments, their curves resemble those of infinite systems. These findings have practical implications for studying the vibration characteristics of similar macro-systems.

Damage evaluation of column bases in steel moment-resisting frames based on fishbone model and Bayesian model updating

This paper presents a method of evaluating seismic damage of column bases in steel moment-resisting frames based on fishbone model and hierarchical Bayesian updating method. In this study, a fishbone model considering the flexibility of column bases was presented instead of the traditional fishbone model with rigid column bases and shear building model with unobtainable stiffness of beam ends and column bases. The fishbone model could be used to update the rotational and shear stiffness of column bases, and also to update the stiffness of the beam ends. First, the eigenvalue problem of the fishbone model considering the flexibility of column bases was formulated. Then, the method of identifying the shear and rotational stiffness of column bases in steel frames was proposed based on the hierarchical Bayesian model updating algorithm using incomplete modal data. The seismic damage of column bases was evaluated by comparing the identified stiffness before and after earthquakes. The effectiveness of the proposed method was numerically investigated with a 5-story building model. The influences of the selection of parameters in algorithm, structural modal data and degrees of freedom on the identified results were studied. Finally, the applicability of the method to realistic damage evaluation of column bases was also examined by a serial of shaking table tests on a 3-story 2-bay large-scaled steel frame specimen.

Membangun Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dengan Mereview Buku Menggunakan Teknik Ishikawa Fishbone (Studi Kasus pada Kelas V SDN Cinangka 03 Kabupaten Bandung)

This study aims to analyze the positive benefits of reviewing books using the Ishikawa Fishbone technique in increasing student literacy at SDN Cinangka 03. The research method used is qualitative research with case studies. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques used to reduce data, present data and conclude data. The results of this study show that students are trained to develop a sense of mutual cooperation, besides that the Ishikawa Fishbone technique can make it easier for students to understand the points contained in the enrichment book, so this technique is highly recommended to be applied especially in learning their reading skills. The Ishikawa Fishbone model is an attempt to develop high-level thinking skills and critical thinking for Cinangka 03 Elementary School students. The conclusion of this study is that this model trains students to understand and analyze the contents of a book properly and correctly and can improve students' reading skills.

The Relationship between the Nutritional Status and Intelligence among the Children in Selected Schools, Bengaluru

Background of the study Nutritional status is the condition of health of the individual as influenced by the utilization of the nutrient. It is concerned primarily with the part played the nutrients in body growth, development and maintenance. Good nutritional status means, maintaining a nutritional status that enables us to grow well and enjoy good health. Nutrition is a fundamental pillar of human life. Methods: A Quantitative approach was used to assess the relationship between nutritional status and intelligence among the children. The research design adopted for the study was Non-experimental correlation research design. Sample of 60 schoolchildren were selected for the study using Probability –simple random sampling technique (lottery method). The modified conceptual framework for the present study was based on Fishbone model. Anthropometry measurement and cultural fair nonverbal intelligence test was used to collect the data from the study. The experts validated the tool for data collection and the reliability was established using test re-test method using Karl Pearson’s formula. Pilot study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the study following which the main study was done. Ethical and legal parameters were taken into consideration throughout the study. The main study was conducted Aryan presidency school, Nagarbhavi Bengaluru. Among children within age group 8-10.The data collected were analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The finding of the study showed that the finding of the study revealed that, the assessment of the nutritional by weight 51.5% (31) were in normal range, 21.7% (13) were mildly impaired, 5.0 % (3) were moderately impaired range and 21.7% (13) were severely impaired. The assessments of the nutritional status by height 73.3% (44) were in normal range, 16.7% (10) were mildly impaired, 10.0% (6) were moderately impaired range and no one were severely impaired. The assessment of the nutritional status by MUAC 76.7% (46) were in normal range, 23.3% (14) were Stunted and no one were Stunted and wasted. Intelligence level of the school children 10.0% (6) were very superior, 3.3% were superior, 16.7% (10) were high average, 56.7% (34) were average, 10.0% were low average, 1.7% (1) was borderline and 1.7% (1) was extremely low. The finding of intelligence test -1, the range was 1-12, Mean was 7.6, Standard deviation was 2.59 and Mean percentage was 63.33. With regard to test -2, the Range was 4-13, Mean was 7.8, SD was 2.31 and Mean percentage was 55.7. With regard to test-3 Range was 1-11, Mean was 6.8, SD was 2.34 and Mean percentage was 56.7. With regards to test -4 the Range was 0-8, Mean was 2.98, SD was 1.87 and Mean percentage was 37.3. The overall score of the intelligence Range was 13-39, Mean was 25.2, SD was 6.23 and Mean percentage was 54.8. Correlation between height and intelligence (r=0.344), weight and intelligence (r=0.397) and MUAC and intelligence (r=0.352) among the children. Hence, there is a positive correlation between the nutritional status and intelligent among children. Chi square test was used to find the association between nutritional status and intelligence among the school children with their selected demographic variables .the result of the Chi square analysis indicated that there is a significant association between the nutritional status and intelligence among school children with their selected demographic variables, such as nutritional status by weight and demographic variables among the school children and it was significant associate of type of family and Mother’s occupation, nutritional status by height and demographic variables among the school children and it was found significant associate of mother’s education, nutritional status by MUAC and demographic variables among the school children and it was significant associate of mother’s occupation, and intelligence level and demographic variables among the school children and it was significant associate of class studying. Conclusion: The present study attempted to assess the relationship between the nutritional status and intelligence among the children and found that positive relationship was between the nutritional status and intelligence among the children within age 8-10 years.

Transfer of Energy from Flexural to Torsional Modes for the Fish-Bone Suspension Bridge Model

We consider a conservative coupled oscillators system which arises as a simplified model of the interaction of flexural and torsional modes of vibration along the deck of the so-called fish-bone (Berchio and Gazzola in Nonlinear Anal 121:54–72, 2015) model of suspension bridges. The elastic response of the cables is supposed to be asymptotically linear under traction, and asymptotically constant when compressed (a generalization of the slackening regime). We show that for vibrations of sufficiently large amplitude, transfer of energy from flexural modes to torsional modes may occur provided a certain condition on the parameters is satisfied. The main result is a non-trivial extension of a theorem in Marchionna and Panizzi (Nonlinear Anal 140:12–28, 2016) to the case when the frequencies of the normal modes are no more supposed to be the same. Several numerical computations of instability diagrams for various slackening models respecting our assumptions are presented.

A Study to Assess the Satisfaction Level of Clients towards Team of Psychiatric Care Admitted in Selected Psychiatric Hospital, Kolkata

Abstract: Patient satisfaction has been viewed as valid outcome measure of a health care delivery system. Assessing patient satisfaction with team of psychiatric care is important in evaluating whether patients’ needs are fulfilled and subsequently facilitating in the planning as well as implementing appropriate interventions for patients. The investigator has conducted a study to assess the satisfaction level of clients towards team of psychiatric care admitted in selected Psychiatric Hospital, Kolkata. The objective of the study was to find out satisfaction level of clients towards team of psychiatric care. Conceptual framework of the study was based on Fishbone Model created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968). Non-experimental descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. 112 samples were selected by non- probability purposive sampling technique. Demographic data was collected by interviewing using the semi-structured interview schedule and record analysis. Data related to patients’ level of satisfaction regarding psychiatric nursing care, medical care and others’ care were collected by interviewing method using rating scale.

Risk analysis of social forestry business management of national economic recovery program in the peatland of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that has experienced a negative economic impact due to the Covid-19 pandemic since early 2020. In overcoming this impact, the government has taken strategic steps by implementing the National Economic Recovery (PEN) program. One of the PEN programs implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry is community economic development for peat farmer groups through the development of agroforestry food in 35 Social Forestry Business Groups (KUPS) in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. It is one of the regencies known to have quite a large peatland area in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the risk management of the 35 KUPS PEN program in peatland. A qualitative desk study methodology was used along with the fishbone model analysis. The results showed that various types of business activities had been developed by KUPS. In the management of social forestry businesses, various risks were identified starting from regional governance, institutional governance, and business governance. The PEN program implemented in 2020 showed a positive impact in improving the community's economy with a positive impact on ecology and socio-culture. This PEN activity has absorbed around 9,110 HOK (Working People's Day) local workers with 565 KUPS members. The implementation of this program can be replicated, especially for social forestry business groups in other areas.

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Adolescent Mothers: A Quality Improvement Study.

The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) was found to be low among adolescent postnatal mothers. EIBF is associated with improved parenting skills and better neurodevelopment in babies. We aimed to improve the prevalence of EIBF among teenage mothers to at least 90% through a quality improvement (QI) initiative. It was a QI intervention conducted over a period of 15 months involving mothers under the age of 20 years at the time of present delivery. Six Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles consisting of multiple interventions, each lasting for one month, were conducted to improve the prevalence of EIBF. Rate of improvement in EIBF was noted and plotted against time. Post-intervention follow-ups of observations were done for six months. The prevalence of EIBF among adolescent mothers was 28.5% during the pre-intervention baseline phase. QI team meeting was held and the barriers to EIBF among the adolescent mothers were discussed and depicted in the form of a fish-bone analysis model. The prevalence of EIBF increased during each intervention cycle to 50%, 60%, 62.5%, 72.7%, 88%, and 100%. At the end of six months follow-up phase, the prevalence of EIBF sustained at around 100%. This QI initiative has proven to be effective in improving the prevalence of EIBF with simple but effective measures. Adolescent women comprise ofa vulnerable sub-population of high-risk mothers. Proper counseling and respectful maternity care will help them face the challenges of motherhood boldly.

Quality Tools and Strategy for Critical Alerts Process Improvements to Ensure Patient Safety.

Objectives A number of regulatory and accrediting bodies require the reporting of critical results on a timely basis (immediately or within the time frame established by the laboratory) to "the responsible, licensed caregiver" as timely notification of critical laboratory results can pivotally affect patient outcome. The aim of the study was to decrease the turnaround time (TAT) of critical result notification along with assurance of notification to the concerned caregiver or clinicians. The objectives was 30% reduction in the critical value notification TAT and identify factors associated with delayed reporting and root cause analysis for these factors by application of quality tools. Materials and Methods The study was conducted at the Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, Delhi, a tertiary center teaching Hospital, from April 2019 to June 2021. A value streamed Process Map of critical alert was prepared. The incidents related to failure were presented through Pareto chart. The possible causes were analyzed through the fishbone model. The failure mode prioritization was executed with Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Through extensive brainstorming, appropriate and feasible corrective actions were implemented. The effectiveness of the implemented plan was analyzed by reassessing the TAT of critical alert and feedback received by clinical caregivers. Results After implementation of corrective action plan using quality tools for 3 months, the average critical alert TAT was reduced to 21 minutes from 30 minutes (30% reduction). The median critical alert TAT for ICU, emergency, and IPD were reduced to 3 minutes (IQR: 1-7). During the pilot project, 156 critical value data were sent for feedback with treatment plan but was received only for 88 patients (56%). Conclusion Comprehensive utilization of quality tools has a potential role in patient safety by reducing the critical alert TAT as well as establishing an effective communication between laboratory personnel and clinicians.

Community Support System-Based Health care for Children as Violence Victims during Pandemic

The Republic of Indonesia's 1945 Constitution Article 28B and the Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection Article 13 clause (1) state that children have the right for protection against discriminative behaviors, economic and sexual exploitation, neglect, cruelty, violence, torture, injustice, and other wrongful treatments. This research aims: (1) to describe the violence to children, (2) to describe the community support system-based healthcare policy concept for children as violence victims. This is a normative legal research which is carried out by literature review and by analyzing secondary data. The approaches used are the statute approach and the conceptual approach. It uses the descriptive method, as it aims to clearly describe the various things related to the analyzed objects. The policies proposed in this research are those which are analyzed using the Fishbone model. The identification process is carried out by finding the main problem which affects the legal protection for children as violence victims in the Covid-19 pandemic era which is not yet optimum. It uses some indicators, which are: (1) policies; (2) regulations; (3) family; (4) education institutions; (5) the society which are described as small bones. Then, the big bones are the analysis which is not yet optimum. The research results show that during this pandemic, the violence towards children have drastically increased. On June 2020, there were 3.555 cases, which increased to 4.928 cases on July 2020. Because of that, the government needs to formulate an inter-sectoral child protection

Vibration Characteristics of Capped Viscous Damping Based on Frame Restoring-Force Amplitude

This study investigates the performance of several capped viscous damping models which give an upper limit to the initial-stiffness-proportional damping force. The comparing capped viscous damping models are the original and newly proposed one. The original capped damping model is expected to have a certain degree of frequency insensitiveness. However, unless the damping force reaches the capped value, the damping may be simply behaving as the initial-stiffness-proportional damping, also there is no clear physical basis for setting the capping value. Conversely, it is confirmed that the newly proposed damping model improves the original model problems faced with setting the capping value and frequency insensitiveness accuracy. In this study, the discussion is primarily focused on structural engineering using a 20-story fish bone model comprising a steel and reinforced concrete, but this argument can be applied to various engineering fields such as civil and mechanical engineering. Especially, this proposed model does not have mass term damping, it may be effective for a large nonlinear analysis such as sliding/uplifting and base-isolated structure.

Analysis of Surgical Mortalities Using the Fishbone Model for Quality Improvement in Surgical Disciplines.

The healthcare industry is complex and prone to the occurrence of preventable patient safety incidents. Most serious patient safety events in surgery are preventable. This study was conducted to determine the rate of occurrence of preventable mortalities and to use the fishbone model to establish the main contributing factors. We reviewed the records of patients who died following admission to the surgical wards. Data regarding their demography, diagnosis, acuity, comorbidities, categorization of death and contributing factors were extracted from the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) database. Factors which contributed to preventable and potentially preventable mortalities were collated. The fishbone model was used for root cause analysis. The study received prior ethical clearance (M190122). Records of 859 mortalities were found, of which 65.7% (564/859) were males. The median age of the patients who died was 49years (IQR: 33-64years). The median length of hospital stay before death was three days (IQR: 1-11days). Twenty-four percent (24.1%) of the deaths were from gastrointestinal (GIT) emergencies, 18.4% followed head injury and 17.0% from GIT cancers. Overall, 5.4% of the mortalities were preventable, and 41.1% were considered potentially preventable. The error of judgment and training issues accounted for 46% of mortalities. Most surgical mortalities involve males, and around 46% are either potentially preventable or preventable. The majority of the mortality were associated with GIT emergencies, head injury and advanced malignancies of the GIT. The leading contributing factors to preventable and potentially preventable mortalities were the error of judgment, inadequate training and shortage of resources.

The transport properties of poly(G)-poly(C) DNA oligomers in the Harrison's model

Using the tight-binding Hamiltonian of the Harrison's model and the Landauer-Büttiker formalism, some of the electron transport properties of short poly(G)-poly(C) DNA segments lying between two semi-infinite carbon chains as the nanoleads are investigated. The analytical results of the self-energies due to the leads are represented by solving the discretized form of the one-dimensional Schrödinger's equation. Under the Harrison's model, with considering in-phase overlap between the nearest neighbors' all kinds of atomic orbitals, the influences of more atomic orbitals in central channel and backbone of DNA (according to Fishbone model) on the electron transmission probability are discussed. Transmission probabilities for both the single- and many-orbital states are calculated and compared with each other. Furthermore, the effect of increasing length of the DNA nanowire and the coupling strength of nanolead/DNA interface on transmission probability and the current-voltage (I–V) curves and also the effect of different temperatures of the leads on the I–V characteristics are studied. Our results show that the poly(G)-poly(C) DNA oligomer exhibits a semiconducting behavior and that the vertical coupling strength between base pairs and the sugar-phosphate backbone in poly(G)-poly(C) DNA structure can induce the semiconducting gap.

Implementation of the Sendai framework in the health system in Iran: identification of facilitators and obstacles

Sendai Framework is an international disaster risk reduction strategy that helps prioritization of disaster risk governance in all policies, strategies, and programs. Considering its geographical location and topographic characteristics, Iran experiences numerous hazards. Natural disasters adversely affect the health of population directly through injury and death, increased physical and mental illness, displacement and disruption of social networks. In addition, Iran's public health facilities have been increasingly impacted by such events during the last decade. This study aimed to investigate the implementation of Sendai framework in health system in Iran. In this mixed method study, first, throughout a literature review, all documents related to Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Iran's health system were extracted. Then the obstacles and facilitators of DRM were found out based on the literature review and, a two-round Delphi, followed by an expert panel was performed. According to the results of the Delphi and expert panel Pareto analysis, and Fishbone model were used. 85 obstacles and 33 facilitators were extracted in total, which were divided into ten groups include Coordination, Actors, Intervention, Monitoring & Evaluation, Accountability, Attitude, Context, Budget, Idea, and Content. The most important obstacles were attributable to the intervention group, the Context, and the attitudes. The most important facilitators were the intervention group, monitoring and evaluation, and then Actors, policy content and Idea. Despite the existing facilitators for the implementation of the Sendai framework in Iran, there are far more obstacles along the pathway. These factors are relevant to all aspects of policy which would require long-term and continuous cultural change and educational planning. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00715-9.

The Reduced-Degree-of-Freedom Model for Seismic Analysis of Predominantly Plan-Symmetric Reinforced Concrete Wall–Frame Building

A reduced-degree-of-freedom (RDOF) model for seismic analysis of predominantly plan-symmetric reinforced concrete (RC) wall–frame buildings is introduced. The RDOF model of the wall–frame building consists of elastic beam–column elements with concentrated plasticity used for simulating cantilever walls and predominantly plan-symmetric RC frame buildings that are represented by the improved fish-bone (IFB) model. In this paper, the capability of the RDOF model is demonstrated for two frame buildings and two wall–frame buildings. The RDOF models were defined directly from the building information model. This is an advantage of RDOF models with respect to single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) models, while the computational robustness of the RDOF models also makes them attractive for the seismic analysis of building stock. The imposed cyclic displacement analyses conducted for the investigated buildings proved that the condensation of the degrees of freedom for RDOF models was appropriate. Consequently, only minor differences were observed for maximum storey drift IDA curves, maximum storey acceleration IDA curves, and seismic fragility functions for different limit states. However, development is needed to make RDOF models appropriate for preliminary seismic performance assessment of plan-irregular buildings.