Amino Acids In Fish Research Articles

Utilization of Fish Amino Acid (FAA) for Sustainable Organic Farming: An ICE Campaign

This study focused on the conduct of an ICE (Information, Communication and Education) campaign to Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged (GIDA) particularly in Barangay Digkilaan, Iligan City on sustainable organic farming using Fish Amino Acid (FAA). Specifically, it sought to (1) determine the demographic data of the respondents of Barangay Digkilaan, (2) identify the respondent’s level of knowledge and awareness about organic fertilizer, (3) design an ICE campaign activity to GIDA on sustainable organic farming using Fish Amino Acid (FAA), and (4) describe the respondent’s level of perception about organic fertilizer. Fourteen (14) residents of the said barangay were the participants of this study. Mixed method research design was utilized with the use of checkbox, open-ended questions and Likert scale questionnaire to gather and interpret both quantitative and qualitative data. Results revealed that only 7% of the respondents have attended training on farming conducted by the Department of Agriculture. Most of them have no background on organic fertilizer making but are willing to learn. Majority disagrees that they have experienced the support or benefits given by the government for organic fertilizer usage. At the end of the ICE training-workshop, the respondents successfully produced one liter (1L) of Fish Amino Acid Organic Fertilizer. This indicates that the respondents were able to learn the competencies of FAA making. It is recommended that more ICE campaign and training-workshops may be organized to spread awareness to the people, especially those that live in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas and teach proper practices on organic fertilizers.

ENHANCING GROWTH AND YIELD OF 'LAKATAN' BANANA (Musa acuminata) USING FISH AMINO ACID (FAA) APPLICATION

The study was conducted at the 'Lakatan' banana site of USeP Mabini Campus, Mabini Unit, Pindasan, Mabini, Compostela Valley Province. This aimed to determine the effect of Fish Amino Acid on the yield and quality of 'Lakatan' bananas and evaluate the economic benefit of using Fish Amino Acid (FAA) on 'Lakatan' banana production. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments replicated four times. The treatments were T1-Control; T2–Recommended Rate of NPK alone; T3–Fish Amino Acid alone; T4–Recommended Rate of NPK + Fish Amino Acid (FAA); T5–Greenshield Organic-Based Fortified Foliar Fertilizer. Data showed that the number of leaves at 35 days after application, and number of fingers per hand at 35 DAA, and number of hands per bunch after 35 DAA were not significantly affected by the application of Fish Amino Acid (FAA). While the plant height, pseudostem girth (cm), finger length (cm), fruit weight of total hands per bunch (kg) at 35 days after application have significant differences among treatments. As observed, all 'Lakatan' bananas have a range of 261cm–312cm height, 43cm–58cm girth, and 4–6 hands per bunch, 14–17 fingers per hand, 19cm–21cm finger length after 35 days of fertilizer application. The results also revealed that T3–Fish Amino Acid got the highest number of leaves, while T4 – NPK+Fish Amino Acid got the highest number of finger per hand, highest finger length, fruit weight (kg) of total hands per bunch which was 61% higher than the unfertilized and got the highest yield. T4–NPK+Fish Amino Acid increased the gross income of 'Lakatan' bananas that would potentially obtain the highest income and return of investment when the costs of NPK and FAA supplementation is lessened.

Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility of Napier and Treated Rice Straw Diet in Goats

Plant by-products such as rice straw can be utilized to optimize ruminant feed resources and productivity. This study aimed to determine the intake and digestibility of the basal diet (Napier grass) and treated rice straw diet in goats. A total of 16 heads of male and female Philippine native goats were used in the study. Experimental animals were arranged in randomized complete block design with four treatments and four blocks – weight and sex were used as bases for blocking. The treatments were the following: Treatment 1 (T1): 60% Napier grass + 40% untreated rice straw (control); T2: 60% Napier grass + 40% urea-treated rice straw; T3: 60% Napier grass + 40% fish amino acid (FAA)-treated rice straw; and T4: 60% Napier grass + 40% fermented plant juice (FPJ)-treated rice straw. The gathered data were dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percent body weight (% BW), total and percent dry matter digestibility (% DMD), rumen pH and weight gain. All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance for RCBD. Comparisons of treatment means were determined using the least significance difference test. The results showed that DMI and DMI as % BW were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the treatments. Furthermore, total DMD and % DMD were significant (p < 0.05). FPJ treatment gave the highest DMI for rice straw. Moreover, goats fed with rice straw treated with urea, FPJ and FAA efficiently digested the diet compared with the control treatment.

Effects of Natural and Home-Made Bio-Inoculants on Containerized Okra Plants (Abelmoschus Esculentus)

The study focused on growing containerized okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus), one of the most popular vegetables that can be grown in containers, with composted chicken manure, vermicompost, and home-made liquid bio-inoculants such as fish amino acid (FAA), fermented fruit juice (FFJ), and calcium phosphate (CALPHOS). The scope was to determine which of these natural amendments could improve the growth performance of containerized okra plants during the vegetative stage, as well as to reveal the significant difference in the mean height of the containerized okra plants at two-time points, Week 1 and Week 8, as well as the significant difference in the mean growth rate among the three treatments. Composted chicken manure and vermicompost were applied directly to the soil, whereas bio-inoculants were used as a foliar or direct fertilizer application to the leaves. To compare the mean difference between groups, the Paired Samples t-test, and One-way Variance Analysis were used concurrently to compare height differences and weekly growth rates. The experiment revealed that okra fertilized with liquid bio-inoculant outperformed significantly those fertilized with composted chicken manure and vermicompost. Furthermore, the disparity in mean growth rates in containerized okra plants is most likely the result of experimental manipulation rather than random occurrence. The efficacy of vermicompost is related to the nutrient content of substrates, which in this study had a low growth effect on the specific okra plants. Bio-inoculants, on the other hand, have a greater impact on containerized okra plants as a foliar fertilizer.

ENRICHED AND DEODORIZED FISH AMINO ACID AS SOURCE OF NUTRIENTS ON TOMATO PRODUCTION IN ZAMBOANGA CITY, PHILIPPINES

Strong fishy odor and limited available nutrients have been the common concerns among vegetable farmers which resulted to high refusal and low adoptability of Fish Amino Acid (FAA) in Zamboanga City, Philippines. The reason why the conventional FAA was enriched and deodorized or this is called the EDFAA. Three (3) plant-based materials such as guava (Psidium guajava L.), talisay (Terminalia catappa) and Acapulco (Cassia alata) leaves were selected and singly added in proportion to FAA and each were subjected for sensory evaluation by participating vegetable farmers to determine the level of acceptability. Fish waste for the making of FAA were collected from wet markets and canning factories. Scores were tabulated and analyzed using the Hedonic and descriptive method, where EDFAA with Acapulco leaves extract added with banana extract significantly emerged as the most acceptable EDFAA attributed to its reduced strong-fishy odor. As a final product, EDFAA was tested to determine the growth and yield performance of tomato crop applied in drench. This was carried out using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven (7) treatments replicated three (3) times with six (6) subsamples per replication. Results showed, tomato crop was significantly improved by the periodic drenching of 40% EDFAA in terms of the yield as compared to other treatments. The application of EDFAA can be an alternative low-cost liquid fertilizer in drench application and a good source of nutrients to various vegetable crops in urban agriculture.

Fish amino acid application to improve growth performance and yield of Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea)

Chemical fertilizer application is one of the most common practices worldwide due to its fast nutrient release mechanism. Nevertheless, the usage of inorganic fertilizer for vegetable crops is not preferred as it may contribute to the health risk. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of fish amino acid (FAA) as foliar fertilizer on the growth and yield of kale (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. alboglabra L). Five treatments of the experiment were; T1 NPK Green (Control), T2 (10% FAA), T3 (20 % FAA), T4 (30 % FAA) and T5 (40 % FAA). The growth performance of kale when treated with T4 showed significantly higher (<I>P <</I> 0.05) plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, total leaf area, and plant biomass as compared to other treatments. Fish amino acid at 30 % concentration can be recommended as an effective replacement for NPK green for sustainable kale production.

Fish amino acid application to improve growth performance and yield of Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea)

Chemical fertilizer application is one of the most common practices worldwide due to its fast nutrient release mechanism. Nevertheless, the usage of inorganic fertilizer for vegetable crops is not preferred as it may contribute to the health risk. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of fish amino acid (FAA) as foliar fertilizer on the growth and yield of kale (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. alboglabra L). Five treatments of the experiment were; T1 NPK Green (Control), T2 (10% FAA), T3 (20 % FAA), T4 (30 % FAA) and T5 (40 % FAA). The growth performance of kale when treated with T4 showed significantly higher (<I>P <</I> 0.05) plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, total leaf area, and plant biomass as compared to other treatments. Fish amino acid at 30 % concentration can be recommended as an effective replacement for NPK green for sustainable kale production.

Effects Of Fish Amino Acid (Faa) Application on Growth and Development of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) at Different Sampling Times

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of fish amino acid (FAA) application on growth and development of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) with different sampling times. It was placed at Soil Science Laboratory, Blok Pakar at the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). The okra plant was treated with a different amount of FAA (5 mL and 10 mL). Total of experimental units were 24. The used experimental design was Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD). The parameters such as root length, shoot length, plant biomass, soil pH and soil moisture content were analysed after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of transplanting. The data was analysed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and means comparison were using Tukey HSD test with significant level (P≤0.05). Results showed that FAA application and different sampling times were significantly affected the shoot length of okra. Besides, the volume of FAA and the number of weeks were significantly affected the soil pH and the soil moisture content, respectively. However, the addition of FAA application did not affect the root length and plant biomass of okra.

Physiological Efficiency of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L. Var Saccharata) as Influenced by Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO) 7 and Biofertilizers

There is a growing popularity of organic farming in the modern era because of its potential contributions in sustaining crop production without impairing the natural condition of the environment. In this study, the physiological parameters of sweet corn applied with rates of indigenous microorganisms (IMO) 7 such as: (120 kg N - 90 kg P2O5 - 60 kg K2O, IMO 7 at 7.5 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, and 22.5 t ha-1) and biofertilizers - fish amino acid (FAA), fermented plant juice (FPJ), and fermented seaweed (FS) were evaluated at different crop stages at 45, 55, 65, and 75 days after planting. The study was conducted in a 4 x 4 factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Rates of IMO 7 significantly influenced on the crop growth rate (CGR) at 55-65 days after planting (DAP), and carbon productivity (CP) while biofertilizers influenced on weight per ear, the number of kernels per ear, ear yield, and leaf area ratio (LAR) at 65 DAP. Synthetic fertilizers (120 kg N, 90 kg P2O5, 60 kg K2O) and IMO 7 at 22.5 t ha-1 gave the highest carbon productivity at harvest of 10.58 t ha-1 and 10.38 t ha-1, respectively. Fermented seaweed gave the highest ear yield, weight per ear, and the number of kernels per ear. IMO 7 at the rate of 22.5 t ha-1 gave the highest CGR at 19.5 mg g-1 day-1 or 25.64% higher than those plants treated with the minimum rate of 7.5 t ha-1. The results of the study provide information on the potentials of using IMO 7 in combination with fermented seaweed as organic fertilizers for sustainable sweet corn production.

Impact of farm-made liquid organic nutrients jevamirtham and fish amino acid on growth and nutritional status in different season of Abelmoschus esculentus—a self-sustainable field trial

In organic agriculture, jeevamirtham (J) and fish amino acids (FAA) (Liquid organic nutrient bioformulations—LONBFs) were used to improve the plant growth and soil fertility. The effect of J and FAA in combination on the growth, nutritional status, and yield of plant has not been scientifically evaluated. In this study, liquid organic preparations of J and FAA were prepared and applied to okra plants individually and in combination (J + FAA). The experimental fields were designed as T1—untreated control field, T2—chemical fertilizer treated field, T3—jeevamirtham-treated field, T4—fish amino acid-treated field, and T5—mixture of jeevamirtham and fish amino acid-treated field. Microbial population and growth parameters were significantly increased in the T3, T4, and T5 fields. Higher chlorophyll, carbohydrate, and protein contents and more fruits were observed in plants from the T3, T4, and T5 fields than in plants from T2 and T1. The most favorable results were recorded in the J+FAA-treated field (T5). Results showed that LONBFs enhanced the beneficial microbial flora and fauna, higher yields, and nutritional products compared with chemical fertilizer and untreated fields. Hence, this eco-friendly LONBF could be added as an integral component to reduce the impact of chemical fertilizer in modern agriculture practice.

Testing Protein Digestibility in Red Grouper Epinephelus Morio using In Vitro and In Vivo Methods

The digestibility of pre-selected ingredients was evaluated for Epinephelus morio using pH-stat and multi-enzyme extract (stomach, intestine, and ceca). The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was tested with acid and alkaline proteases using crustacean meals, squid meal, fish protein concentrate (FPC), fish meal, dried whey, as well as canola paste (w/ or w/o phytase), soybean meal (w/ or w/o phytase), soyprotein concentrate (SPC), and wheat gluten. SPC produced DH values between 3.6-4.1%, obtained from the three different parts of the digestive tract. Canola paste produced high DH in the stomach by adding phytase to 0.8 and 2% feed. This process was repeated under alkaline conditions for DH, with 0.6-2.6% in the pyloric ceca, and 1-2.2% in the intestine. The DH from stomach with crustacean meals (shrimp meal and crab meal) ranged from 32-87%, while values for dried whey from the ceca and intestine ranged from 6-7.4%. It did not differ from crab meal with values of 4.5 and 8.7% from pyloric ceca and intestine respectively. Based on the above results, 4 diets were developed using shrimp meal, dried whey, soy protein concentrate, and canola+phytase. The DH, FAA (fish amino acid) and SDS-PAGE (analysis of protein gels) for each diet were analysed. After an in vivo test, results on juveniles fed whey protein diet (WPd) and CPd+ ranked high (95% and 92% respectively) compared with other treatments. pH-Stat provided consistent results regarding digestibility of selected protein sources. Therefore, dried whey, shrimp meal, and canola+phytase ranked first to be included in E.morio feed formulation with a pool of 55% of these components, complemented with a minimum of fish meal, FPC, grains and wheat gluten

FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS' ADOPTION OF NATURAL FARMING TECHNOLOGIES IN NEW ALBAY, MARAGUSAN, COMPOSTELA VALLEY, PHILIPPINES

ISHS III International Symposium on Improving the Performance of Supply Chains in the Transitional Economies FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS' ADOPTION OF NATURAL FARMING TECHNOLOGIES IN NEW ALBAY, MARAGUSAN, COMPOSTELA VALLEY, PHILIPPINES