Fischer's Theory Research Articles

Taking a strong interactional stance.

We outline two points of criticism. Firstly, we argue that robots do constitute a separate category of beings in people's minds rather than being mere depictions of non-robotic characters. Secondly, we find that (semi-)automatic processes underpinning communicative interaction play a greater role in shaping robot-directed speech than Clark and Fischer's theory of social robots as depictions indicate.

Parametrisation of the optimised effective potential method based on the Coulson–Fischer wave function for excited states

ABSTRACT This article further develops the Coulson–Fischer formalism in conjunction with the optimised effective potential method [V.N. Glushkov and S. Wilson, Molec. Phys. 110, 149 (2012)] to incorporate both exchange and static correlation effects for excited states having the same symmetry as the ground state. By using this formalism, we compute complete potential energy curves for the ground and first excited states of the molecule and the isoelectronic heteronuclear ion. Effective potentials are generated in according to a novel density functional theory [A.K. Theophilou, J. Chem. Phys. 149, 074104 (2018)] in which the Kohn–Sham (KS) like potential has spherical symmetry around each nucleus. In this way, the inconsistencies of standard density functional theory concerning the asymmetry of the KS potential are remedied. In our implementation, an effective potential which satisfies this requirement is expressed as a direct mapping of the external potential. Different approximations for the effective potentials are investigated. It is shown that applications of the proposed formalism support good agreement with the exact Coulson–Fischer theory for both the ground and first excited state potential energy curves and thus a qualitatively correct description of dissociation.

On two groups of the form $$2^{8}{:}A_{9}$$ 2 8 : A 9

This paper is dealing with two split extensions of the form $$2^{8}{:}A_{9}.$$ We refer to these two groups by $$\overline{G}_{1}$$ and $$\overline{G}_{2}.$$ For $$\overline{G}_{1},$$ the 8-dimensional GF(2)-module is in fact the deleted permutation module for $$A_{9}.$$ We firstly determine the conjugacy classes of $$\overline{G}_{1}$$ and $$\overline{G}_{2}$$ using the coset analysis technique. The structures of inertia factor groups were determined for the two extensions. The inertia factor groups of $$\overline{G}_{1}$$ are $$A_{9},\,A_{8},\, S_{7},\,(A_{6} \times 3){:}2 $$ and $$(A_{5} \times A_{4}){:}2,$$ while the inertia factor groups of $$\overline{G}_{2}$$ are $$A_{9},\, PSL(2,8){:}3$$ and $$2^{3}{:}GL(3,2).$$ We then determine the Fischer matrices for these two groups and apply the Clifford–Fischer theory to compute the ordinary character tables of $$\overline{G}_{1}$$ and $$\overline{G}_{2}.$$ The Fischer matrices of $$\overline{G}_{1}$$ and $$\overline{G}_{2}$$ are all integer valued, with sizes ranging from 1 to 9 and from 1 to 4 respectively. The full character tables of $$\overline{G}_{1}$$ and $$\overline{G}_{2}$$ are $$84 \times 84$$ and $$40 \times 40$$ complex valued matrices respectively.

On the Coulson–Fischer wave function for the X 1A′ H+3 molecular ion: parametrisation using distributed Gaussian basis sets

Coulson–Fischer theory is applied to the ground electronic state of the simplest polyatomic molecule, the H+3 molecular ion. The Coulson–Fischer orbitals are parametrised in terms of a distributed Gaussian basis set of s-type functions with variationally optimised exponents and positions. The efficacy of these basis set is demonstrated by performing matrix Hartree–Fock calculations which can be compared with previous studies using alternative methods of basis set construction. The ground-state potential energy surface is explored for a range of equilateral, isosceles and scalene triangular geometries for which a number of authors have reported the results of accurate calculations. It is demonstrated that the Coulson–Fischer wave function supports a global approximation to the ground-state potential energy surface of the H+3 system. The Coulson–Fischer orbitals afford a simple picture of the molecular wave function which provide a simple description of the bonding for all geometries. The distributed Gaussian basis set affords a more efficient method of approximation than some other techniques, such as, for example, the more widely used expansions in terms of atom-centred basis functions.

Magnetic-field-induced superconductivity and phase diagrams ofλ−(BETS)2FeCl4−xBrx

Resistance measurements have been performed in two- dimensional organic alloys $\ensuremath{\lambda}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{BETS})}_{2}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{4\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Br}}_{x}$ ($x=0.4$, 0.5, and 0.7), where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene, to investigate the effect of the strong correlation between the $\mathrm{Fe}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d$ and BETS $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons on the electronic states. The ground state at low fields is an insulating phase, which becomes more stable as $x$ increases. In high magnetic fields along the $c$ axis, superconductivity is induced for all the samples. The critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ has a maximum at $31--33\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$, showing that the internal field created by the $\mathrm{Fe}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}3d$ moments is almost independent of $x$. The analysis of the phase diagrams based on Fischer theory shows that both the orbital critical field and the spin-orbit scattering rate are enhanced by the Br substitution. All of these features are consistently understood in terms of the anisotropic negative chemical pressure and disorder induced by the Br substitution.

The Regional Development of Borderlands : an Explorative Study in the Franco-Italian Alps

Despite the important influence borders have on the development of borderlands, regional geography does not have a theory on this influence. In this paper, the authors implement Fischer's theory on regional development in the framework of a study of four municipalities in the Franco-Italian Alps. The authors point out that the effect of the border depends on the capability of regional Systems to cross the border. This capability in itself depends on the characteristics of the border. Furthermore the authors point at the importance of the way local actors adapt to external stimuli. After a brief overview of the development of the French municipalities of Briançon and Modane and the Italian municipalities of Susa and Bardonècchia, the hypotheses are tested. Recognizing the necessity of more refined studies on the subject the authors conclude that Fischer's theory is a very valuable one in the study of borderlands.

Reversible Surface Melting of PE and PEO Crystallites Indicated by TMDSC

Quasi-isothermal temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry was employed in a study of thermoreversible structural changes in the melting range of semicrystalline polymers. The results indicated a reversible melting and crystallization process occurring at the fold surfaces of crystallites of polyethylene and poly(ethylene oxide). For polyethylene, good agreements were found with reported small-angle X-ray scattering data and Fischer's theory. Surface melting and crystallization depend on the ability of the chains in the crystals to carry out a sliding diffusion. This was shown by a comparison of polyethylene and poly(ethylene oxide) with other polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), polycaprolactone, isotactic polypropylene, and syndiotactic polypropylene. When the longitudinal chain mobility in the crystals is much reduced or completely absent, only a small or no excess reversing heat capacity is observed. The special performance of short-chain poly(ethylene oxide) is indicative for the metastability of the crystals built of once-folded chains.

John Martin Fischer'sThe Metaphysics of Free Will: An Essay on Control

John Martin Fischer'sThe Metaphysics of Free Willis devoted to two major projects. First, Fischer defends the thesis that determinism is incompatible with a person's control over alternatives to the actual future. Second, Fischer defends the striking thesis that such control is not necessary for moral responsibility. This review essay examines Fischer's arguments for each thesis. Fischer's defense of the incompatibilist thesis is the most innovative to date, and I argue that his formulation restructures the free will debate. To defend his second thesis Fischer relies upon examples designed to show that an agent is responsible for an unavoidable action. I criticize Fischer's account of these examples, but I also maintain that my criticisms do not compromise his theory of responsibility. I raise several other difficulties for Fischer's theory of responsibility, and I close by offering some suggestions about how he might further defend it.

Magnetism of the Kondo compound CeAuAl

The magnetism of the Kondo lattice compound CeAuAl has been investigated through neutron scattering, magnetoresistance, transport and magnetic measurements. Neutron diffraction at 1.5 K revealed a modulated antiferromagnetic structure. Inelastic neutron scattering spectra showed two well defined crystal-field excitations at 24.2 meV and 45.8 meV. The crystal-field parameters have been estimated from an analysis of the neutron spectra and susceptibility data. An estimate of the Kondo temperature has been made by comparison of the low-temperature negative magnetoresistance with Schlottmann's scaling form for the Kondo impurity. An analysis of thermoelectric power data has been made on the basis of Fischer's theory, which allows Kondo and crystal-field effects to be taken into account.

Applying Neopiagetian Theory to the Moral Reasoning Process

This study examined moral reasoning process and patterns of skills underlying a moral dilemma through use of K. W. Fischer's theory for cognitive skill acquisition. Kohlberg's Heinz dilemma issues of life and law were hypothesized as scalable within task-domains pertaining to Familial Relationships, Sickness/Death, Laws/Rules, and Fairness. 80 4- to 12-yr.-olds were interviewed regarding these issues. Guttman scale analyses examined scalability of their responses to items in each task and skill domain. Guttman coefficients validated task-domain scales of Laws/Rules and Fairness. Other scale coefficients approached validity. A revised scale is proposed for study.

肝不全用経口アミノ酸製剤の服薬方法の検討

Oral amino acid preparations, enriched branched chain amino acids (BCAA) based on Fischer's theory have been used parenterally in hepatic failure with hepatic coma so far. Recently theoral powder form which was administered by dissolving in warm water was commercially developedand now widely used. But this preparation contains so much of bitter BCAA and haveto take it continuously over a long period that patients are suffering from the taste and largevolume of the solution prepared.We tried to test here to improve the taste of the preparation by mixing many soft drinks commercially available as the flavoring agents. As the results, bitterness of the preparation was effectively suppressed by especially tasting sour and sweet with soft drinks. Also use of tubes similar to straws for soft drinks was useful to take much volume of the solution without tasting bitter.

Olav Kyrres bispekirke i Trondheim i det 11. århundre

Summary The Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim (fig. I) was built mainly in the 12th and 13th centuries. This article deals, however, with the oldest cathedral on the site: King Olav Kyrre's church from the second half of the 11th century (figs. 2–3). It was consecrated to the Trinity, but is more often called Kristkirken (Christchurch). From the archaeological evidence it is reasonable to conclude that it had one bay with a square chancel at the east end. The chancel was flanked by chapels. The arcades in the longer three‐bayed choir to be erected later were built on the foundations of the old outer walls. Fischer's theory postulates a church in the form of a cross with “transept chapels” (fig. 2). It is more probable, however, that in the 11th century the church terminated at the west end with the tower (figs. 2–3). The tower and the buildings to the side suggest a tower‐like central building with a porch at the west end, built out at the side with staircases and a tribune. Passages that led to the adjacent...

Perturbation theory for the thermodynamic properties of liquid nitrogen using model potentials

A statistical mechanical perturbation theory due to Fischer has been used to calculate thermodynamic properties of liquid nitrogen for model intermolecular potentials due to Cheung and Powles (CP), Raich and Gillis (RG), and Berns and van der Avoird (BV). Refinements in the numerical implementation of the Fischer theory are described. Results for the CP potential agree well with both simulation and experimental data except at high density and high temperature. Differences between theory and experiment are usually comparable to the differences between two sets of experimental data for the CP potential but are generally larger for the other two potentials. For both BV and RG potentials the excess Helmholtz energies and excess internal energies are up to 15 and 10 per cent higher, respectively, than experimental values whereas the predicted pressures are low by 100–200 bar for RG and 50–100 bar for BV. The BV potential is slightly more satisfactory than the RG potential overall. Results for spherical harmoni...

Steric stabilisation: A reappraisal of current theory

We suggest that each of the analytical theories of steric stabilisation proposed to date has incorrectly formulated the steric repulsion term in interparticle interactions, where the particles are covered by adsorbed polymer layers. The only satisfactory approach at present would seem to be a computer analysis along the lines initiated byClayfeld and Lumb (3). Furthermore, the explanation given byNapper of incipient flocculation in terms of the Fischer theory is fortuitous, and a more rational explanation in terms of a type of phase separation between the adsorbed layers of interacting particles is preferable.

Time-dependent current leading to a spark

The Schade and the Kachickas and Fischer theories for the time-dependent current leading to a spark consider secondary ionisation by positive ions and photons, respectively; they are adapted here for photon and positive-ion secondary ionisation at the cathode. The theories are then extended to include simultaneous secondary ionisation by positive ions and photons. It is shown that, for small overvoltages, the extended Schade theory is reduced to the more accurate Davidson theory. However, no such reduction appears possible for the Kachickas and Fischer theory. The advantage of the Schade theory is that it gives a better engineering insight into the development of the time-dependent current leading to a spark than does the mathematical derivation by Davidson; also, no. subsidiary experiment is required to derive the current-growth constant.

The rate of absorption of water by the skin of the frog, in relation M. H. Fischer's theory of edema

ConclusionThe swelling of frog's legs, in which the circulation of the blood is stopped, may be accounted for by osmotic pressure.

Notes on Fischer's theory of the influence of acids in the production of edema.

Notes on Fischer's theory of the influence of acids in the production of edema.