This study delves into the relationship between bookkeeping practices and the financial performance of agribusiness enterprises in Mbale City. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative data collected via questionnaires and qualitative insights gathered from interviews with management personnel. The findings reveal a significant correlation between robust bookkeeping practices and enhanced financial performance. Statistical analyses, including regression models and ANOVA, affirm that effective bookkeeping accounts for a substantial portion of the variance in financial performance among these enterprises. Notably, the study showcases that bookkeeping practices positively impact financial performance by nearly 30%. These results underscore the critical role of meticulous record-keeping in shaping the fiscal health and future strategies of agribusiness enterprises. The study aligns with previous research highlighting the pivotal link between accounting records, business performance, and informed decision-making. Interviews with participants further confirm the emphasis placed on comprehensive record-keeping in driving operational efficiency and strategic planning within these enterprises.