Fiscal Accountability Research Articles

The influence of fiscal transparency on expenditure by regional and provincial governments in Vietnam

The intricate relationship between budget transparency and government expenditure has been confirmed, with a particular focus on how these dynamics are influenced by spatial and temporal factors. This study deals with the spatio-temporal effects of transparent communal budgets on local government spending, specifically across the 63 provinces in Vietnam. By analyzing data over time, the study uncovers critical insights into how the disclosure of budget information influences government spending patterns, both in the short term and the long term. The findings reveal a nuanced relationship, where both the direct and indirect effects of budget transparency on expenditure tend to be negative, suggesting that increased transparency may lead to a reduction in government spending. This trend is observed from both a short-term perspective, where immediate changes in budget disclosure affect spending, and a long-term perspective, where the effects of sustained transparency become more evident. The study highlights significant regional disparities in the impact of budget transparency on government expenditure. It finds that the influence of budget disclosure is less pronounced in northern Vietnam compared to the southern regions. The results advocate for policies that support targeted resource allocation at the provincial or regional levels. Such tailored approaches are essential for achieving more effective and equitable government budget management, ensuring that transparency initiatives are adapted to the specific needs and conditions of different regions within Vietnam. Overall, this research contributes to the broader understanding of how transparency in budgetary processes can influence government spending. By highlighting the spatial and temporal dimensions of this relationship, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers seeking to enhance fiscal accountability and optimize public resource allocation in Vietnam.

Fiscal Accounting Strategies in Optimizing Local Revenue Through Taxes on PKB and BBNKB

Fiscal Accounting Strategies in Optimizing Local Revenue Through Taxes on PKB and BBNKB

Перспективы развития системы уплаты налогов посредством единого налогового счета и единого фискального счета в России

The general and specific features of a single tax account, a single tax payment, and advance customs payments are considered. The legal relations arising when using a single tax account and advance customs payment are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the feasibility of introducing a single fiscal account.

Fiscal illusion at the individual level

AbstractThis study uses a survey experiment to test for fiscal illusion—the idea that taxpayers systematically misperceive their tax liabilities and contributions to public services. To date, the voluminous literature on fiscal illusion has not analyzed how better information on personalized total tax liabilities and contributions to public services would influence fiscal preferences. This is the first study to inform participants of their individual fiscal balance sheets comprising all major taxes regularly paid by taxpayers and their allocation to public services, thus comprehensively covering both sides of the fiscal account. This aim is achieved by embedding a novel personalized fiscal calculator in an online survey experiment administered to a representative sample of UK employees. The experiment finds evidence of fiscal illusion: providing personalized fiscal information reduces support for higher taxes and spending and increases support for lower taxes and spending. These findings indicate that taxpayers underestimate both their tax liabilities and the costs of public services.

Democracy at the Limit: Does the U.S. Debt Ceiling Really Enhance Fiscal Accountability?

ABSTRACT Congressional control of the U.S. debt ceiling continues to prompt uncertainty among financial markets. Nevertheless, the standard defense of a statutory debt limit invokes the idea of accountability: oversight of the national debt by democratically elected policymakers precludes fiscal profligacy. For this argument to hold water, however, one should observe that lawmakers are indeed motivated and held accountable by voters on the debt ceiling. Do policymakers' positions toward the debt ceiling reflect the preferences of their constituents? And are policymakers punished or rewarded for their stances? Analyzing roll call votes on the debt ceiling in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 2014, I show that lawmakers' positions are driven predominantly by policymaker ideology and bank campaign contributions rather than the demographics or ideological makeup of their constituencies. Furthermore, I find no evidence that Republicans nor lawmakers from conservative-leaning districts are punished by their constituents when voting to raise the debt limit. Democratic lawmakers' reelection chances are affected by their voting behavior but in the form of rewards for approving debt ceiling increases. These findings suggest the U.S. debt ceiling – in addition to posing a high financial risk – contributes little to fiscal accountability.

Accountability or Austerity? Examining the Practice of K–12 Early Fiscal Intervention During Periods of Economic Crisis

Little research has examined how K–12 fiscal accountability policies and practices intersect with district finances and student outcomes during periods of economic crises. Employing a critical policy analysis perspective that distinguishes between the concepts of fiscal accountability and fiscal austerity and differences-in-differences and event studies approaches, this study examines the practice of early fiscal intervention in California’s AB 1200 fiscal accountability system during and after the 2008 financial crisis and recession. In particular, the study estimates the relationship between early fiscal intervention, district finances, and student academic outcomes in mathematics and reading and language arts. Findings suggest that intervention led to significant cuts in per-pupil expenditures, resulted in no increase in state or federal revenues and an increase in local revenues through property taxes, and was negatively associated with student outcomes, especially in reading and language arts and for Hispanic/Latinx students. When taken together, the findings imply K–12 fiscal accountability in California was leveraged to promote fiscal austerity in educational spending during and after the 2008 financial crisis. Implications and policy recommendations are discussed.

ANALISIS DAMPAK KOREKSI FISKAL PENYUSUTAN ASET TETAP TERHADAP PAJAK PENGHASILAN BADAN PADA PT. ALAM SEGAR

This descriptive research is aimed to analyze the fiscal corrections impact for fixed asset depreciation on corporate income tax at PT.Alam Segar. The analysis technique is conducted by comparing calculation of fixed assets depreciation according to commercial accounting with fiscal accounting, also calculation of PT.Alam Segar Corporate Income Tax 2022. The secondary data analyzed is depreciation of fixed assets and income and operational costs. The research results show although the depreciation method used is the same, the results of the fixed asset depreciation calculations are different. Fixed assets depreciation according to commercial accounting is Rp.308,750,000 and fiscal accounting is Rp.265,425,000. There is a difference in depreciation charges of Rp.43,325,000. This difference causes need for a positive fiscal correction. This correction has an impact on the amount of profit as a basis for calculating tax from Rp.1,669,000,000 to Rp.1,712,325,000. There is a difference in the increase in the amount of PPh payable due to fiscal corrections amounting to Rp.9,531,500. PT.Alam Segar is expected to calculate Income Tax correctly and accurately. KPP is expected to conduct intensive socialization, therefore all taxpayers understand changes in applicable tax regulations.

The Municipal Money Mystery: Fiscal Accountability in Canada's Cities, 2023

The Municipal Money Mystery: Fiscal Accountability in Canada's Cities, 2023

Analyses of Fiscal and Current Account Balances: Do Deficits Matter in Lower and Middle-Income Countries?

This research investigates the nexus between current and fiscal account deficits in selected lower and middle-income countries (LMC) by applying panel data from 2000 to 2020. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is applied to check the long-run (LR) and short-run (SR) affiliation between selected variables. The findings revealed that REER, GDPPCG, and trade affect CAB positively, while FD and GFCF influence the CAB negatively in the LR. The SR estimation results show that FD and GFCF are significant in positively affecting CAB. Moreover, this paper proved that the Theory of Ricardian-Equivalence-Hypothesis (REH) is more appropriate for LMC. From the policy perspective, the authorities should follow policy measures such as raising taxes, declining government expenditures, and promoting economic growth to decline the current account deficit. Similarly, the Government of LMC should also improve the investment rate by controlling the high birth rate, inflation rate, and poverty.

The history and future of the tax state: Possibilities for a new fiscal politics beyond neoliberalism

Neoliberalism is marked by fiscal austerity. Yet, in response to the COVID-19 crisis states again, briefly, began to exercise fiscal discretion. We reflect on the potential for a more enduring shift in fiscal politics beyond neoliberalism by placing recent developments in the historical context of the ‘tax state’. We make two claims. First, we argue that different phases of capitalism are reflected in, and can be understood through, changes in fiscal accounting practices that demarcate public and private, and mark turning points for the role of the state within capitalism. Charting the unravelling of the Keynesian welfare state, we propose a fiscal understanding of neoliberalism in which asymmetric applications of capital accounting practices facilitated the financialisation of the state. Second, we argue democratic pressures are giving rise to forms of ‘fiscal hybridity’ that reassert accounting symmetries between public and private wealth to potentially create ‘fiscal space'. We examine how the fiscal actions taken by states in response to COVID-19 express hybridity, reflecting contestation over neoliberal policy models that was emerging prior to the pandemic, as fiscal politics shifts the state’s focus to its role as creditor, underwriter and investor.

Issues and Challenges of Implementing Fiscal Federalism Faced Under the Reform of A Federal State in Nepal

After entering the federalism of Nepal, there was a debate about how the budget transfer would be state and local governance for the development of works. In the early days, although the central government would manage the budget, more problems started to appear in the financial transfer process, according to the policy of gradually leaving the responsibility of all the work including infrastructure development and physical construction to the central government. It seems challenging to establish political commitment in the distribution of resources according to the division of powers in the federal system. Instead of transferring resources, the tendency to centralize resources and manage the work of other levels of government by themselves has not gone away. In the top leadership, the tendency to understand federalism as decentralization rather than division of state power between the levels of government prevails. The second challenge of fiscal federalism is the balance, clarity and inter-level cooperation between the levels of government in matters of taxation and revenue. The revenue source at the state level is very low. All levels of government have distributive allocations, high expansion of current expenditure and weak public fiscal accountability. It seems that the allocated efficiency and productivity of public expenditure should be improved. There is no hesitation to rationalize public expenditure by cutting unnecessary expenditure that does not contribute to public services and financial contribution. A balance is needed between the distribution of responsibilities and financial power. For the successful implementation of financial federalism, it is appropriate to give work responsibilities along with spending arrangements. Based on job responsibilities, it is necessary to arrange resources and develop the ability to perform accordingly. A healthy financial system is the backbone for the successful and proper implementation of federalism in any country. There is no choice but to emulate the federalism of Nepal, which is still a milk child, and move forward with the economic, social and cultural development of the country through a transparent, balanced and predictable financial federalism. For that, we should consider the national interest as the motto to prepare a suitable or implementable action plan and move forward.

Coaching to Bedside Shift Report and Its Correlation to Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems and Value-Based Purchasing Dimension Scores

The objective of this multihospital study was to investigate how the intervention of coaching to bedside shift report (BSR) correlates with Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) outcomes and relates to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) Program points over a 4-year period (2017-2020) for an acute care hospital health system. Hospital leaders' responsibilities include intertwined areas of patient experience and fiscal accountability. Coaching to BSR is reported to have numerous benefits to the patient's experience. Published studies completed with hospital systems evaluating the intervention of coaching to BSR and how it correlated to patient experience and VBP are limited. Coaching to BSR was implemented at 16 adult acute care hospitals. Patient-reported BSR rates were collected in tandem with HCAHPS for 4 years. Statistical correlations were assessed between patient-reported BSR and HCAHPS and consequential effect on VBP dimension scores. Coaching to BSR had a significant impact on top- and bottom-box "rate the hospital" HCAHPS scores at a system and hospital level. Value-based purchasing points and percentages increased over 2017-2020, potentially leading to lower CMS penalty claims over the period the BSR was implemented. Coaching is a key factor when creating a favorable patient experience. The implementation and sustainability of coaching to BSR may result in improved patient experience ratings and increase VBP point accumulation to hospital systems.

Учет и контроль операций по переработке давальческого сырья: экономическая эффективность и налоговые риски

Transformational processes in the global and Russian economy serve as a reason for business entities to search for new ways of producing goods allowing the most efficient use of available resources. Toll processing (in international practice – tolling operations) allows expanding the sphere of business of agricultural formations and, thus, increasing their effectiveness. The complexity of accounting and taxation of operations for toll processing increases the probability of occurrence of tax, accounting, and legal risks, which justifies the necessity to develop a methodology for internal control of these operations. The authors analyzed the results of the financial and economic activities of agricultural formations and made a conclusion about the economic expediency of toll processing operations, both for an organization-conversion material supplier and for a tolling party. The authors carried out the theoretical research and determined the features of accounting for a processor organization, as opposed to a supplier organization. In the process of testing the accounts, typical violations were identified, which are related to the correctness of accounting of tolling business processes, the formation of prime cost, and the taxable base for income tax, which causes tax risks. The authors developed a methodology for internal control of the “Toll processing” business process and the procedure for its reflection in business accounting and fiscal accounting. The following aspects formed the basis of the developed methodological toolkit for internal control of tolling operations: information support; control procedures; a step-by-step approach based on a preliminary risk analysis.

A deep neural network-based smart error measurement method for fiscal accounting data.

The error measurement of fiscal accounting data can effectively slow down the change of financial assets. Based on deep neural network theory, we constructed an error measurement model for fiscal and tax accounting data, and we analyzed the relevant theories of fiscal and tax performance evaluation. By establishing a batch evaluation index of finance and tax accounting, the model can monitor the changing trend of the error of urban finance and tax benchmark data scientifically and accurately, as well as solve the problem of high cost and delay in predicting the error of finance and tax benchmark data. In the simulation process, based on the panel data of credit unions, the entropy method and a deep neural network were used to measure the fiscal and tax performance of regional credit unions. In the example application, the model, combined with MATLAB programming, calculated the contribution rate of regional higher fiscal and tax accounting input to economic growth. The data show that the contribution rates of some fiscal and tax accounting input, commodity and service expenditure, other capital expenditure and capital construction expenditure to regional economic growth are 0.0060, 0.0924, 0.1696 and -0.0822, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can effectively map the relationships between variables.

The ABCs of Fiscal Accountability: The Report Card for Canada’s Senior Governments, 2023

The ABCs of Fiscal Accountability: The Report Card for Canada’s Senior Governments, 2023

A Fiscal Accounting of COVID Inflation

A Fiscal Accounting of COVID Inflation

Human Rights During Transition: Accountability Mechanisms in Mexican States 1997–2008

This paper assesses the impact of political and fiscal accountability mechanisms on the severity and scope of human rights violations in Mexico's states during its democratic transition. First, we argue that elites in states with lower levels of electoral accountability are free of constraints that would normally result in their removal from office should they engage in human rights violations. Similarly, we argue that local elites maintain power while evading accountability when supported by transfers from the central government, and are thereby freer to use force. We find statistical support for our claims that lower levels of procedural democracy and higher levels of central transfers are associated with higher levels of human rights and physical integrity rights violations. These results are robust to subsample and numerous economic and other factors. Our findings suggest that particularly during democratic transitions, subnational institutions are salient in explaining the frequency of human rights violations.

In Search of Social justice-informed Services: A Research Agenda for the Study of Resistance to Neo-managerialism

Abstract One of the main characteristics of social work is the fundamental tension between the profession’s conservative and critical rationales. In the last three decades, this tension has informed the development of critical resistance to the deprofessionalisation effects of neo-managerial rationality, which establishes cost reduction and fiscal accountability as the basis for professional practice. However, the theoretical conceptualisation of such critical resistance is caught between minor and major operations, both of which are considered insufficient. Addressing this gap, this article builds on the theoretical framework of radical incrementalism to develop a research agenda for the future study of resistance processes, which we conceptualise as operating in the middle range of a power exertion scale, between minor and major forms of operation. We portray the operation of resistance in the middle range of such a power exertion scale and offer a research agenda that includes relevant research directions and methodological considerations. In this way, the article suggests new ways of understanding, conceptualising and operating resistance to enable further development of the social justice-informed professionalisation of social work.

What do human rights have to offer to fiscal policy? Implications of fiscal transparency, participation and accountability

What do human rights have to offer to fiscal policy? Implications of fiscal transparency, participation and accountability

New Evidence on the Asymmetric Linkages Between Fiscal and Current Account Balances

New Evidence on the Asymmetric Linkages Between Fiscal and Current Account Balances