Pregnant Women In First Trimester Research Articles

Comparative analysis of advanced polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Parvovirus B19 in first-trimester pregnant women at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

Comparative analysis of advanced polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Parvovirus B19 in first-trimester pregnant women at Thumbay Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates

White blood cell Indices to predict first trimester missed miscarriage.

To identify the relationship between white blood cell indices in missed miscarriage compared to ongoing pregnancy in the first trimester. The diagnostic accuracy study was conducted at the Department of Maternity, Al-Yarmouk Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from January to October 2021,and comprised healthy first-trimester pregnant women in group A and those with missed miscarriage after 7-13 weeks of gestation in group B. Ultrasound findings and the last menstrual period were noted for all the subjects. Total and differential leukocyte counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were compared between the groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Of the 167 women, 81(48.5%) were in group A and 86(51.5%) were in group B. Demographic and obstetrics data was not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05). Mean white blood cell, neutrophil and monocyte counts showed no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05), while lymphocyte count, neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between the groups (p<0.05). With respect to gestational age, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio had a fair ability to predict missed miscarriage at various time points within the first trimester (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between WBC count and gestational age. Reduced MLR and NLR levels can be utilised to forecast miscarriages in a cost-effective manner.

Integrative microbiome and metabolome profiles reveal the impacts of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in first-trimester pregnant women

BackgroundPeriodontitis results from host-microbe dysbiosis and the resultant dysregulated immunoinflammatory response. Importantly, it closely links to numerous systemic comorbidities, and perplexingly contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Currently, there are limited studies on the distal consequences of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in pregnant women. This study investigated the integrative microbiome-metabolome profiles through multi-omics approaches in first-trimester pregnant women and explored the translational potentials.MethodsWe collected samples of subgingival plaques, saliva, sera and stool from 54 Chinese pregnant women at the first trimester, including 31 maternal periodontitis (Perio) subjects and 23 Non-Perio controls. By integrating 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics and clinical traits, we explored the oral-gut microbial and metabolic connection resulting from periodontitis among early pregnant women.ResultsWe demonstrated a novel bacterial distinguisher Coprococcus from feces of periodontitis subjects in association with subgingival periodontopathogens, being different from other fecal genera in Lachnospiraceae family. The ratio of fecal Coprococcus to Lachnoclostridium could discriminate between Perio and Non-Perio groups as the ratio of subgingival Porphyromonas to Rothia did. Furthermore, there were differentially abundant fecal metabolic features pivotally enriched in periodontitis subjects like L-urobilin and kynurenic acid. We revealed a periodontitis-oriented integrative network cluster, which was centered with fecal Coprococcus and L-urobilin as well as serum triglyceride.ConclusionsThe current findings about the notable influence of periodontitis on fecal microbiota and metabolites in first-trimester pregnant women via oral-gut axis signify the importance and translational implications of preconceptional oral/periodontal healthcare for enhancing maternal wellbeing.

Path analysis of influencing factors for anxiety and depression among first-trimester pregnant women.

Prenatal anxiety and depression exert a significant influence on the physiological and psychological health outcomes of both expectant mothers and their infants. The aim of this study was to explore the intrinsic relationships between maternal anxiety, depression in early pregnancy, and their influencing factors. The findings of this study provide scientific basis for developing targeted preventive interventions. The study involved 887 expectant mothers in the early stages of pregnancy residing in Changsha City from March to August 2022. The sociodemographic characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, and pregnancy-related factors of participants were collected. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models using SPSS 26.0 were used to assess factors impacting early pregnancy anxiety and depression. Amos 23.0 was used to construct a path model to determine the potential pathways of the influencing factors. In early pregnancy, the prevalence of depression and anxiety were 17.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Path analysis showed that early pregnancy anxiety and illness during pregnancy had a direct effect on early pregnancy depression. Anxiety had the greatest overall impact on early pregnancy depression. Education, maternal comorbidities, symptoms of pregnancy, electronic device usage time, work stress, active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, and sleep quality were found to solely exert indirect effects on early pregnancy depression. Sleep quality had the greatest overall impact on early pregnancy anxiety. Active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, sleep quality, and work stress only had a direct impact on early pregnancy anxiety. Additionally, electronic device usage duration and monthly per capita household income exclusively indirectly impacted symptoms of early pregnancy anxiety. The study highlights the importance of targeted interventions in early screening. Avoiding excessive use of electronic devices and active smoking in the 6 months before pregnancy, alleviating work stress and symptoms of pregnancy, increasing education levels and monthly per capita household income, improving sleep quality, and actively preventing illnesses during pregnancy and maternal comorbidities might reduce anxiety and depression in early pregnancy.

The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth (S-MaNGro) Cohort: Protocol of a Nationwide Prospective Study.

Perinatal cohort studies with a prospective longitudinal design are critical for determining the effects of early-life exposures on offspring's health outcomes. The Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth cohort study aims to investigate the impact of maternal nutritional and psychosocial factors on newborns' birth weight in the Sri Lankan context. This paper presents the methodology of participant recruitment, follow-ups, an overview of measurements, and planned data analyses. This study included a nationally representative sample of Sri Lankan pregnant women recruited in their first trimester of pregnancy. Follow-up assessments were conducted once during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and after the baby's birth, prospectively tracking the women's dietary intake, mental health, hemoglobin concentrations, and gestational weight gain data. Once the participants delivered their babies, the data on gestational age, sex of the newborn, birth weight, length and occipitofrontal circumference at birth, and mode of delivery were collected. Between August 2022 and August 2023, we recruited 2000 first-trimester pregnant women to the cohort and continued to follow up with them until the baby's birth. The response rates were 90.4%, 81.4%, and 75.2% in the first, second, and third follow-ups. We plan to analyze the data in July 2024. We expect this study to provide valuable insights into various early-life exposures affecting neonatal birth weight. The study's findings will serve as a valuable information resource for a broader scientific community, enabling the development of effective policies to prevent low-birth-weight deliveries in low-resource settings.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Jahe, Aromaterapi Oil Lavender dan Musik Klasik terhadap Pengurangan Emesis Gravidarum pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I

Emesis gravidarum is the most common disorder found in 70% of pregnant women. Nonpharmacological treatments that can be used are ginger, oil lavender aromatherapy, and classical music. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the effect of ginger, oil lavender aromatherapy, and classical music on reducing emesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnant women. The research method used a quasy-experiment with a three-group comparison pretest-posttest design in a time series. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, the sample size was 28 pregnant women in the working area of the Jogonalan II Health Center, 22 pregnant women in the Kebonarum Health Center, and 25 pregnant women in the Prambanan Health Center. Then divided into 3 groups, namely the ginger group, the oil lavender aromatherapy group, and the classical music group. Ginger reduced the emesis gravidarum score by 3,23. Oil lavender aromatherapy reduced the emesis gravidarum score by 4,42. Classical music lowers the emesis gravidarum score by 2,03. This study shows that there is an effect of reducing emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women, but the difference in the effects is not significant because they have the same p value = 0,000 &lt;0,05.ginger, oil lavender aromatherapy, classical music, emesis gravidarum

Efektifitas Pemberian Rebusan Jahe Dan Madu Terhadap Mual Muntah Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I Di PMB F Wancimekar Periode Januari

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum reaches 10-20%, based on data from TPMB F pregnant women in the first trimester 30 pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting often occur in the morning, which is called morning sickness. Emesis gravidarum disrupts activity, and decreases appetite and dehydration, if not overcome it will have an impact on hyperemesis gravidarum. Emesis gravidarum can be overcome with non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is ginger. Methods: The research design used pre-experiment (pre-experimental design). The study population was first-trimester pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting at TPMB F during January-March 2023 which is 30 cases. The research sample amounted to 30 respondents. The sampling technique used total sampling. The dependent variable is Emesis Gravidarum. The independent variable is ginger and honey decoction. Data collection using observation sheets. Data processing techniques using Editing, Coding, Tabulating, univariate analysis including respondent characteristics, bivariate analysis statistical test using Wilcoxon Test. Results: The results of the study showed that based on the Wilcoxon range list the Sig value (2-tailed) p &lt; 0,005; which means that there is a difference in giving ginger and honey decoction to emesis gravidarum in first-trimester pregnant women at TPMB F in 2023. Discussion: This study concludes that ginger and honey decoction is effective on the frequency of Emesis Gravidarum in first-trimester pregnant women. Suggestions in this study are for educational institutions, research sites, respondents, and further researchers.

Are first-trimester pregnant women consuming adequate and diverse diet? A hospital-based cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan

BackgroundMaintaining a healthy and diverse diet during pregnancy is crucial for maternal well-being and fetal development. The first trimester marks the beginning of vital developmental processes influenced by maternal nutritional status. Therefore, we aimed to determine dietary adequacy and diversity among first-trimester pregnant women.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 306 first-trimester pregnant women from the antenatal clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (January 2020 to September 2021). Eligible women possessed smartphones (for the mHealth intervention trial) and reported no major comorbidities or medication use. Data about socio-demographic, obstetric, and dietary history were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Booking weight, height, blood pressure, and haemoglobin levels were extracted from medical records. An aggregate dietary risk score (DRS) was calculated separately for quantity and quality by summing the DRS for each of the six major food groups. A score of 0 was assigned to adequate, 1.5 to intermediate, and 3 to inadequate quantity or quality categories. Data were analysed using STATA 14.0.ResultsThe mean ± SD for DRS quantity and quality were 10.6 ± 2.4 and 7.5 ± 2.5, respectively. Adequate dietary quantity and quality per week for starch-based food were reported by 14.4% and 21.2%, for vegetables by 0.3% and 49%, for fruits by 41.2% and 88.6%, for animal and plant protein by 19% and 0%, for milk and milk products by 1% and 37.6% and for oils and fats by 90.5% and 8.8%, respectively. Sweet and savoury snacks were eaten by 74.8% and 53.9%, respectively. Ready-made meals, carbonated beverages, packaged juices, and additional salt were consumed by 55.2%, 46.4%, 34.3%, and 7.5%, respectively. The median (IQR) water intake was 6 (4–8) glasses/day.ConclusionsDuring the early stages of pregnancy, women enrolled for antenatal care at an urban private tertiary care hospital report inadequate dietary intake for various food groups, except for the quantity of oils/fats and the quality of fruit consumption. Poor dietary practices underscore the need for focused and impactful dietary counselling during the initial stages of pregnancy.

Urinary concentrations of mineral elements and their predictors in pregnant women in Jinan, China

BackgroundThe essential mineral elements play important roles in proper growth, development and maintenance of physiological homeostasis of an organism. Women are at greater risk of mineral deficiency during pregnancy. However, the predictors of mineral element levels in pregnant women remain unclear. This study was conducted to determine the urinary levels of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) in women during early pregnancy and to explore the predictors of urinary exposure to each mineral element and high co-exposure to mineral element mixture. Methods298 pregnant women in first trimester were recruited when they attended antenatal care in a hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province, China. We collected their spot urine samples and questionnaire data on their sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, food and dietary supplement intake, and residential environment. The concentrations of Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn and Se in all urine samples were measured. LASSO regression, multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the predictors affecting mineral element levels. ResultsThe geometric means of creatinine-corrected Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn and Se concentrations were 99.37 mg/g, 1.75 µg/g, 8.97 µg/g, 0.16 µg/g and 16.83 µg/g creatinine, respectively. Factors that influenced the concentrations of individual mineral element were as follows: (1) Se and Ca concentrations increased with maternal age; (2) women taking tap water as family drinking water had higher Ca levels and those taking polyunsaturated fatty acids intermittently had higher Cu levels; (3) Fe was adversely related to consumption frequency of barbecued foods; (4) Pregnant women with more frequent consumption of shellfish/shrimp/crab and living near green spaces or parks had higher Mn exposure, and those with higher frequency of meat consumption had lower Mn exposure. In addition, maternal age and the frequency of egg consumption were associated with odds of exposure to a mixture of high Ca, Fe, Cu and Se. ConclusionsThe pregnant women in this study had comparable concentrations of urinary Cu and Se but lower concentrations of Ca, Fe and Mn compared with those in other areas. Predictors of urinary mineral elements included maternal age (Se and Ca), type of domestic drinking water (Ca), consumption frequency of barbecued food (Fe), polyunsaturated fatty acid use (Cu), the presence of urban green spaces or parks near the home and frequency of meat and shellfish/shrimp/crab intake (Mn). Moreover, maternal age and egg consumption frequency were significant predictors of high-level co-exposure to urinary Ca, Fe, Cu and Se.

Hubungan Dukungan Suami, Aktivitas Fisik, Dan Stress Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester 1 Terhadap Kejadian Hyperemesis Gravidarum Di TPMB Yunita

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum is excessive nausea and vomiting so that daily work is disrupted and the general condition becomes worse. Nausea and vomiting are the most common disorders encountered in the first trimester of pregnancy, around 60-80% of primigravidas and 40-60% of multigravidas experience nausea and vomiting but these symptoms become more severe only in 1 out of 1,000 pregnancies. Husband's support, physical activity, and stress influence the incidence of hyperemesis gravdiarum. This study aimed to determine the relationship between husband's support, physical activity, and stress in first-trimester pregnant women to the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum at TPMB Yunita in 2023. Methods: The research method used an analytic descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique was total sampling with 30 first-trimester pregnant women. Results: The results showed that there was a relationship between the husband's support (p-value 0,005); physical activity (p-value 0,001); and stress (p-value 0.002) to the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum. Discussion: The study concludes a relationship between husband's support, physical activity, and stress in trimester I pregnant women to the incidence of hyperemesis gravidarum at TPMB Yunita in 2023. Suggestions for pregnant women are expected to be able to manage the physical activity carried out to be of higher quality and not too excessive during pregnancy by limiting activities that are too strenuous such as doing housework continuously and lifting heavy weights.

Association between Iron deficiency and hypothyroxinemia in first-trimester pregnant women: A study from a tertiary care hospital

ABSTRACT Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a common nutritional concern worldwide. Hypothyroidism during pregnancy also has harmful effects on both mother and child, such as post-partum hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, low-birth weight, pre-term labour and abruptio placenta. Few articles have shown an association between ID and hypothyroidism. Aims: To evaluate the association between hypothyroidism, hypotriiodothyroninemia and ID in pregnant women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and June 2019 at JSS Hospital, a Tertiary Care Teaching and Research Hospital attached to JSS Medical College in Mysuru City, South India. Five hundred consecutive pregnant women aged 18–45 years in the first trimester of pregnancy were recruited. A venous blood sample of approximately 5 mL was drawn and sent for analysis of haemoglobin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), T3, T4, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies and serum ferritin. T3, T4, TSH, anti-TPO antibody and serum ferritin levels were measured by chemiluminescence for all pregnant women. Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between ID and T3, T4 and TSH levels. Results: Out of 500 women, nine were excluded because of pre-analytical errors; hence, there were 491 pregnant women in the first trimester. Mean values of T3, T4, TSH and ferritin in the study were 1.45 ± 0.72, 9.29 ± 2.53, 2.37 ± 3.17 and 31.54 ± 30.28. There was a positive correlation between serum ferritin and T4 levels, with a correlation coefficient of 0.135. The scatter plot also showed a linear relationship between serum ferritin and T4 levels. There was no significant correlation between serum ferritin, T3 and TSH levels. Linear regression analysis also showed an association between ferritin and T4 levels, with a significance of 0.003. Linear regression analysis was insignificant for TSH, T3 and serum ferritin levels. Conclusion: ID anaemia (IDA) is associated with hypothyroxinemia in pregnant women. Further extensive studies are needed to evaluate the causal association between hypothyroidism and IDA. Iron therapy might improve thyroid parameters in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and ID without thyroxine, which requires further research.

The Relationship of Knowledge with Anemia Prevention Attitudes in Pregnant Women at Kereng Bangkirai Public Health Centre

ABSTRACT Anemia is a disorder characterized by low hemoglobin levels in the blood. If it affects pregnant women, it can result in severe bleeding and even death during childbirth. In Indonesia, the number of pregnant women dying from anemia increased by 62.6% in 2020–2021. According to midwives at Palangka Raya City's Kereng Bangkirai Public Health Center, 86 pregnant women suffered from anemia in 2021. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitude to prevent anemia in pregnant women. This study used a quantitative correlational method with cross-sectional. The sample of this study is 50 first-trimester pregnant women who are registered at the Kereng Bangkirai Public Health Center in Palangka Raya City with accidental sampling as the sampling method. The instrument of this study uses a questionnaire on the knowledge and attitude to prevent anemia among pregnant women. The research was conducted in February-April 2023. The results showed that 25 (50%) pregnant women had good knowledge, which is 20 (20%) pregnant women had a positive anemia prevention attitude, and 5 (10%) pregnant women had a negative anemia prevention attitude. There was a relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward preventing anemia, as evidenced by the chi-square test results (p=0.047). A good level of knowledge can produce a positive attitude toward anemia prevention in pregnant women. Keywords: Anemia, Attitude, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women

The maternal drug exposure birth cohort (DEBC) in China

Drug exposure during pregnancy lacks global fetal safety data. The maternal drug exposure birth cohort (DEBC) study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, aims to explore the correlation of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes, and establish a human biospecimen biobank. Here we describe the process of establishing DEBC and show that the drug exposure rate in the first trimester of pregnant women in DEBC (n = 112,986) is 30.70%. Among the drugs used, dydrogesterone and progesterone have the highest exposure rates, which are 11.97% and 10.82%, respectively. The overall incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes is 13.49%. Dydrogesterone exposure during the first trimester is correlated with higher incidences of stillbirth, preterm birth, low birth weight, and birth defects, along with a lower incidence of miscarriage/abortion. Due to the limitations of this cohort study, causative conclusions cannot be drawn. Further follow-up and in-depth data analysis are planned for future studies.

Aromaterapi Lavender Untuk Mengurangi Intesitas Mual Muntah Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester I Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Alung

In the first trimester of pregnancy, expectant mothers may experience nausea and vomiting, known as emesis gravidarum. Nausea and vomiting occur in 60% to 80% of primigravida mothers and 40% to 60% of multigravida mothers. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the intensity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women in the Lubuk Alung Health Center Work Area. The study design was a quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of all pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting in the Lubuk Alung Health Center Work Area from June to December 2022, totaling 76 people. The sample for this study consisted of 15 individuals, selected through random sampling. The research instrument used the PUQE Score to assess the intensity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. The results showed that lavender aromatherapy had an effect on the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first-trimester pregnant women in the Lubuk Alung Health Center Work Area, with a P-value of 0.000 (P-value &lt; 0.005). It is hoped that first-trimester pregnant women experiencing nausea and vomiting can implement lavender aromatherapy as an effort to reduce these symptoms.

Factors Associated with the Incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum among First-Trimester Pregnant Women

Factors Associated with the Incidence of Hyperemesis Gravidarum among First-Trimester Pregnant Women

The clinical effectiveness of ginger compared to vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum: Systematic review

Introduction: Hyperemesis gravidarum refers to an extreme condition of nausea and vomiting that occurs during pregnancy. Nausea and vomiting that harm the mother differ from morning sickness, commonly experienced in early trimester pregnant women. Approximately 14.8% of pregnancies experience symptoms of nausea and vomiting, with occurrence rates ranging from 60-80% among first-time mothers (primigravidas) and 40-60% among women who have had multiple pregnancies (multigravidas). These symptoms become more severe in one in a thousand pregnancies. Purpose: This study aimed to systematically review Ginger's effectiveness compared to vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum. Method: This is a systematic review of three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Willey online library). The PRISMA-ScR protocol was employed in this research review, utilizing a Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework. The population is first-trimester pregnant women who experience Hyperemesis gravidarum using a completely original research article comparing Ginger and vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum. Results: A significant statistical distinction was observed between the Ginger and the vitamin B6 group concerning the nausea score (mean difference 0.63, CI -0.10-1.35) and vomiting score (mean difference 0.42, CI -0.13, 0.98). Conclusion: Based on the research results, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of giving Ginger compared to vitamin B6 in reducing hyperemesis gravidarum. However, the analysis showed that the average score of giving Ginger was lower than vitamin B6. The lower the nausea or vomiting score, the better the effect of the intervention. Suggestion: Health workers (doctors and midwives) can use Ginger as an alternative to reduce hyperemesis gravidarum during early pregnancy.

Aromatherapy vs. Acupressure for Pregnancy Nausea Efficacy

Nausea and vomiting afflict many pregnant women, particularly in the first trimester, prompting interest in non-pharmacological remedies like citrus lemon aromatherapy and PC6 acupressure massage. Yet, comparative studies on their effectiveness remain scarce. This research aimed to assess the efficacy of these interventions in reducing nausea and vomiting among first-trimester pregnant women with emesis gravidarum. Using a quasi-experimental design, two groups of participants received either citrus lemon aromatherapy or PC6 acupressure massage. The PUQE-24 scale measured symptoms before and after the interventions. Results indicated significant reductions in symptoms for both groups (p &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference in effectiveness between the interventions (p = 0.465). These findings underscore the potential of non-pharmacological therapies to alleviate pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, suggesting their integration into prenatal care practices for improved maternal well-being. Highlight: Non-drug Relief: Citrus lemon aromatherapy and PC6 acupressure massage. First-Trimester Aid: Efficacy for pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Equal Effectiveness: Aromatherapy versus acupressure for symptom reduction. Keyword: Nausea, vomiting, pregnancy, aromatherapy, acupressure

Perbedaan Inhalasi Essential Oil Lemon dan Oral Lemon terhadap Penurunan Frekuensi Mual Muntah pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Pertama

Nausea and vomiting (morning sickness), experienced by around 70–80% of pregnant women, is a phenomenon that often occurs at 5–12 weeks of gestation. Lemon is one of the herbal oils that is a safe medicine against morning sickness in pregnant women. The population of this study was composed of first-trimester pregnant women with nausea and vomiting. Prior to the intervention in the oral lemon control group, there were seven respondents (28.0%) with a frequency of nausea and vomiting &gt; 4, then 12 respondents (48.0%) with a frequency of &lt;4 and no nausea, as well as six respondents (24.0%). After intervention in the oral lemon control group, there were five respondents (20.0%) with a frequency of nausea and vomiting &gt; 4, then 14 respondents (56.0%) with a frequency of &lt;4 and no nausea, and as many as six respondents (24.0%). Before the intervention, a p-value &lt;0.001 was obtained in the control group. In the group, after being given the intervention, the p-value was &lt;0.001. Whereas in the oral lemon control group, the p-value was &lt;0.001 before the intervention, and after being given the oral lemon intervention, the p-value was &lt;0.001. The research was conducted in the Ananda Clinic Work Area, Semarang Regency. The results of the study showed that there was an effect of giving lemon aromatherapy inhalation on morning sickness in pregnant women.

Correlation between hyperemesis gravidarum risk factors and body weight of first-trimester pregnant women

Background: Nausea and vomiting early in pregnancy are experienced by around 70-80% of pregnant women. If nausea and vomiting occur too often, it will become a pathological condition called hyperemesis gravidarum. Many factors trigger hyperemesis gravidarum, necessitating more in-depth research regarding the risk factors for hyperemesis gravidarum and their impact on the weight of pregnant women in the first trimester. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the correlation between hyperemesis gravidarum risk factors and the body weight of first-trimester pregnant women in East Jakarta. Methods: A quantitative study employing descriptive analysis and a cross-sectional case-control method was conducted, including 84 first-trimester respondents selected using targeted sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using questionnaires, and data analysis was conducted using Chi-square. Results: There is a significant relationship between the risk factor variables for severe morning sickness, namely age, occupation, history of vomiting, anemia, and the outcome, which is the measurement of pregnant women’s weight. Conclusions: There is a relationship between age, occupation, pregnancy, history of vomiting, anemia, and mild stress with the results of weight measurement of pregnant women in the first 3 months of pregnancy.

Clinical Application of Reticulocyte Maturity Indices in Early Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent global health issue, particularly affecting pregnant females due to increased iron demands during pregnancy. In Pakistan, IDA remains a significant concern, posing challenges to maternal and child health. Early detection and management of iron deficiency are crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes.&#x0D; Objective: This study aims to investigate the iron status and associated hematological parameters among pregnant females during the first trimester in Islamabad, Pakistan.&#x0D; Methodology : This cross-sectional study, conducted in collaboration with the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), aimed to investigate the iron status among first-trimester pregnant females in Islamabad, Pakistan.Laboratory investigations encompassed hemoglobin and serum ferritin assays, reticulocyte counts, and other red blood cell parameters. Participants were categorized into distinct iron status groups based on these evaluations. Utilizing SPSS version 25, statistical analysis followed ethical protocols, striving to uncover discrepancies in hematological parameters across the various iron status groups.&#x0D; Results : Among 340 first-trimester pregnant women, three iron status groups were identified. Group 1 (n = 102) had low ferritin despite normal Hb, with elevated immature reticulocytes. Group 2 (n = 150) showed normal iron parameters, while Group 3 (n = 88) had high reticulocyte counts. Group 2 exhibited superior erythrocyte indices and higher ferritin levels than Groups 1 and 3. Group 3 displayed the poorest indices and elevated immature reticulocytes. These findings highlight variations in iron status and reticulocyte maturation among pregnant women.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among first-trimester pregnant females in Islamabad, Pakistan. Variations in red blood cell parameters and serum ferritin levels highlight the importance of early iron status assessment for optimizing maternal and foetal health outcomes.