First Sample Of Urine Research Articles

Prednisolone Effects on Urine Cross-Linked N-Telopeptides of Type I Collagen (Ntx) Diurnal Rhythms in Children.

Recently, methods for mimicking endogenous cortisol rhythms hereby potentially reducing the risk of systemic adverse effects of exogenous corticosteroids have been patented. Methods for sensitive detection of adverse effects on bone turnover of various doses, administration routes and regimens of exogenous corticosteroids have been patented. Urine cross-linked Ntelopeptides of Type I collagen (Ntx) have been established as a sensitive bone resorption marker and urine levels of Ntx have been found to exhibit a distinct diurnal rhythm. To assess whether the timing of administration of prednisolone affects the diurnal rhythm of Ntx in urine. Four girls and four boys aged 10.6 to 15.8 (mean 13.2) years with normal weight and height and pubertal stages I-IV were studied in an open randomized 2-periods cross-over trial, with a 1-day run in, and two 4-day periods of 5mg prednisolone in the morning and in the evening, respectively, separated by a 3-week washout period. At run in and on the last day of each treatment period, the first sample of urine was collected from 24.00 to 08.00h in the morning of the day of investigation. Thereafter, urine was collected in 4~hour intervals until 24.00 and in another 08.00h interval from 24.00 to 08.00h. Compared to run in and morning prednisolone treatment urine Ntx levels were suppressed from 24.00 to 8.00h during treatment with prednisolone in the evening (P < 0.01 for both comparisons) and no statistically significant circadian rhythm was observed. During morning prednisolone treatment Ntx trough and peak levels occurred from 16.00 to 20.00 and 24.00 to 08.00h, respectively, and the Ntx levels were significantly reduced from 12.00 to 20.00h as compared to run in (P < 0.005) and prednisolone treatment in the evening (P < 0.01). Depending on the time of administration, prednisolone interferes with diurnal rhythms in urine Ntx.

Simultaneous analysis of six amphetamines and analogues in hair, blood and urine by LC-ESI-MS/MS: Application to the determination of MDMA after low Ecstasy intake

A rapid and sensitive method using LC-MS/MS triple stage quadrupole for the determination of traces of amphetamine (AP), methamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”), 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), and N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) in hair, blood and urine has been developed and validated. Chromatography was carried out on an Uptisphere ODB C 18 5 μm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm column (Interchim, France) with a gradient of acetonitrile and formate 2 mM pH 3.0 buffer. Urine and blood were extracted with Toxitube A ® (Varian, France). Segmented scalp hair was treated by incubation 15 min at 80 °C in NaOH 1 M before liquid–liquid extraction with hexane/ethyl acetate (2/1, v/v). The limits of quantification (LOQ) in blood and urine were at 0.1 ng/mL for all analytes. In hair, LOQ was <5 pg/mg for MA, MDMA, MDEA and MBDB, at 14.7 pg/mg for AP and 15.7 pg/mg for MDA. Calibration curves were linear in the range 0.1–50 ng/mL in blood and urine; in the range 5–500 pg/mg for MA, MDMA, MDEA and MBDB, and 20–500 pg/mg for AP and MDA. Inter-day precisions were <13% for all analytes in all matrices. Accuracy was <20% in blood and urine at 1 and 50 ng/mL and <10% in hair at 20 and 250 pg/mg. This method was applied to the determination of MDMA in a forensic case of single administration of ecstasy to a 16-year-old female without her knowledge during a party. She suffered from hyperactivity, sweating and agitation. A first sample of urine was collected a few hours after (T + 12 h) and tested positive to amphetamines by immunoassay by a clinical laboratory. Blood and urine were sampled for forensic purposes at day 8 (D + 8) and scalp hair at day 60 (D + 60). No MDMA was detected in blood, but urine and hair were tested positive, respectively at 0.42 ng/mL and at 22 pg/mg in hair only in the segment corresponding to the period of the offence, while no MDA was detectable. This method allows the detection of MDMA up to 8 days in urine after single intake.

Circadian variations in serum eosinophil cationic protein, and serum and urine eosinophil protein X.

Biochemical evaluation of inflammation may be a useful adjunct to measures of pulmonary function and symptoms in children with asthma. However, little data have been provided to validate the markers in children. The aim of the present study was to assess circadian variations in serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and serum and urine eosinophil protein X (EPX) in children. Five girls and two boys aged 10-14 years were studied. The first sample of urine consisted of urine collected from 24.00 hours the night before until 08.00 hours on the morning of the day of investigation. Thereafter urine was collected at 4-h intervals until 24.00 hours and in another 8-h interval from 24.00 to 08.00 hours. Blood samples for assessment of serum ECP and serum EPX were collected every 2 h during the 24 h. Statistically significant circadian variations in serum ECP (F=3.2, p=0.002), serum EPX (F=3.1, p=0.002) and in urine EPX/creatinine (F=5.4, p=0.003) were detected. The concentrations were higher during the night compared to daytime. Peak levels of serum ECP (mean [+/- SEM]) were found at 06.00 hours (16.3 [5.3] micro g/l), trough levels at 08.00 hours (3.9 [0.7] micro g/l) (p=0.01). Peak levels of serum EPX were seen at 06.00 (43.7 [9.5] micro g/l) with trough levels at 12.00 hours (22.0 [3.5] micro g/l) (p=0.01). Peak levels of urine EPX/creatinine occurred in urine collected from 24.00 to 08.00 hours (90.0 [27.7] micro g/mmol), trough levels in the 16.00-20.00 hours sample (29.7 [8.9] micro g/mmol) (p=0.02). Serum ECP, serum EPX and urine EPX exhibit a circadian variation in children with nocturnal and early morning peak levels. To avoid confounding influence from circadian variations in ECP and EPX in clinical studies blood or urine should be sampled at consistent times.

Normotansif Ve Gebeliğer Bağlı Hipertansif Hastalıklı Gebelerin Sabah İlk İdrarında Kalsiyum Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması

THE COMPARISON OF URINE CALCIUM LEVEL IN THE FIRST URINE SAMPLES IN THE MORNING BETWEEN NORMOTENSIVE AND PREGNANTS WITH PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION. ✓ In this study, we measured urine calcium levels in the first urine samples in the morning in 110 pregnant women: 32 with preeclampsia, 13 with eclampsia, 7 with gestational hypertension and 58 normotensive. It was found out that the mean calcium levels of the pregnants with preeclampsia, eclampsia and gestational hypertension were significantly lower than that of normotensive pregnants. There was not a significant difference between the mean calcium levels of the first three groups. When the mean calcium level of normotensive pregnants (16 mg/dl) was chosen as threshold value for the development of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), it was seen that the method was a sensitivity of 90.4%, specifity of 31%. It was concluded that calcium level in the first urine sample measured in the morning was not an efficient enough test for the diagnosis of PIH. Bu calismada 32 si preeklampsi, 13 u eklampsi, 7 si gestasyonel hipertansiyonlu ve 58 i normotansif gebe olmak uzere toplam 110 gebe kadinda, sabah ilk idrar orneginde kalsiyum duzeyi olculdu. Preeklampsi, eklampsi ve gestasyonel hipertansiyonlu gebelerin idrar kalsiyum duzeyi ortalamalari normotansif gebelerinkinden onemli derecede daha dusuk bulundu. Ilk uc grup olgunun kalsiyum duzeyi ortalamalari arasinda ise onemli bir farklilik yoktu. Normotansif gebelerin idrar kalsiyum duzeyi ortalamasi (16 mg/dl) gebelige bagli hipertansif hastalik (PIH) gelismesi yonunden esik deger olarak kabul edildiginde, PIH'i belirlemede bu degerin duyarliligi idrardaki kalsiyum duzeyinin basarili bir test olmadigi sonucuna varildi.

Hemoglobinuria Following Closed Cardiac Massage

To the Editor.— Frank hemoglobunuria as a complication of cardiac massage must be rare. We recently observed this unique (self-limiting) complication after vigorous massage. Report of a Case.— A 78-year-old white man suffered a dull, aching, and persistent retrosternal pain for four days. He was in no distress. The blood pressure was 116/70 mm Hg; pulse, 68 beats per minutes and regular. Fundi showed arteriosclerotic changes. Neck veins were flat. The apex of the heart was in the fifth intercostal space in midclavicular line. The sounds were normal. The lungs were clear. Shortly after admission, cardiac arrest occurred. The physician started vigorous closed-chest cardiac massage with a hard board under the patient's mattress. The emergency team arrived within two minutes. An electrocardiographic tracing showed ventricular fibrillation. The patient was intubated and defibrillated, with the cardiac rhythm returning to normal. The first sample of urine, passed four hours after the cardiac

The cytologic diagnosis of bladder tumours and its clinical and histologic bases.

The cytologic findings in 355 patients with symptoms of genito-urinary disorders were compared with the clinical and histologic diagnoses. Neoplasm was histologically verified in 140 cases. The tumours were graded according to the degree of cellular atypia in histologic specimens as papilloma (grades 0–1) or carcinoma (grades II-IV). Papilloma was found in 23 per cent of the tumour cases.The cytologic diagnosis was based on analyses of sediment from urine and bladder washings. No false positive cytologic diagnosis of malignancy was made in the 195 patients without neoplasm. No definite cytologic report of malignancy was made in the 32 cases of papilloma. Of the 108 cases histologically classified as carcinoma, 71 per cent (58 per cent of grade II and 85 per cent of grades III-IV tumours) were cytologically recognized as malignant from the first sample of urine and bladder washings.The importance of uniform concepts of histologic grading of bladder tumours for evaluating the accuracy of exfoliative cytolog...

A Reducing Substance in the Urine of Cats Under Nembutal Anesthesia

A series of 15 cats were given intraperitoneal injections of nembutal (sodium iso-amytal, penta-barbital), the average dose being 60 mg. per kilo. Urine samples were collected at intervals after the injection and later analyzed for reducing substances by Sumner's method. In certain instances the results thus obtained were checked by the use of Benedict's quantitative reagent. Simultaneously blood samples were taken and later analyzed for “blood sugar” by the Randle-Grigg modification of the Folin-Wu Micro Method. These observations were made in the course of experiments to determine the effect of stimulation of the tuber cinereum upon carbohydrate metabolism. Rather extensive surgical procedures under deep nembutal anesthesia were required in the experiments. The bladder was exposed and emptied and the urethra cannulated from one to 2 hours after the injection of nembutal. The first sample of urine was taken about an hour after the urethra was cannulated and from 2 to 3 hours after the administration of nembutal. This sample always showed the presence of an abnormal quantity of reducing substance, usually the maximum obtained during the experiment, the concentration decreasing progressively in subsequent samples. This maximum reduction where the lowest maximum was obtained, was equivalent to that produced by 240 mg. % of glucose. In the experiment where the largest maximum was found, the reducing substance was equivalent to that produced by 1575 mg. % of glucose. An average maximum value, equivalent to that produced by 1045 mg. % of glucose, was obtained. The amount of reducing substance in the urine was definitely related to the time interval following the injection of nembutal and not to the “blood sugar” concentration. Often in the later stages of the experiment the reducing substance would be decreasing in amount while the blood sugar was increasing.