Group Of First Responders Research Articles

PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ŽUPANJA

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances is a serious and difficult problem in many countries of the world, and is taking on epidemic proportions, especially in the youth population. Disorders caused by the psychoactive substance useinclude a wide range of disorders. Experts are finding it increasingly difficult to monitor the possible consequences that drugs can cause in the human body.Aim: To examine the prevalence of the psychoactive substance useamong high school students in Županja. Respondents and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during May 2023. The first group of respondents consisted of 115 students of the third and fourth grades of the Županja Grammar School, while the second group consisted of 100 students of the third and fourth grades of the Županja Vocational School. The research instrument was a standardised internationally agreed questionnaire "European Research in Schools on Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Pupils" (2011). European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD). Results: A statistically significant number of respondents has never used cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, adhesives and other solvents. Respondents fromthe Vocational School used cigarettes on a larger scale daily, while Grammar school students started smoking at an older age. In the last 12 months, when compared to the Vocational School students, a higher percentage of Grammar School students have used adhesives and other solvents. Grammar School students experimented with"drugs" in a higher proportion due to curiosity. Conclusion: The prevalence of the psychoactive substance use among high school youth in Županja is at a satisfactory low level.Keywords:psychoactive substances, students, secondary school

Proof of principle: An animal field triage protocol for livestock and horses caught in natural disasters and major incidents

Field triage systems are available to address mass casualty incidents involving humans, but lack for animals caught in disasters. This study aimed to develop, as a proof of principle, an animal field triage protocol for livestock, horses and wildlife based on an existing human triage system. A literature review was completed, resulting in choosing the human SALT triage algorithm as a starting point, followed by an expert consultation using a two-round Delphi study to evaluate and create the final version of the triage protocol. Finally, a group of first responders were familiarized with the protocol and triage injured animals in a simulated disaster environment using a purpose-built training game and provide written feedback. For livestock and horses, consensus was reached on the use of global sorting based on the criteria ‘autonomously mobile without obvious major injuries’, and on five of six appropriate physiological criteria applied for individual health state assessment. Triaged animals were placed in one of four categories developed for applicable veterinary care, being beyond saving (black), immediate/urgent (red), delayed (yellow) and minor (green). The expert panel agreed that the veterinary triage model is probably workable for livestock and horses but not for wildlife, and has added value in natural disasters and mass casualty incidents involving animals. Validation of the protocol with first responders on the usability of the triage protocol as a proof of principle warrants a careful introduction for practical use and further evaluation during disasters affecting livestock and horses in the field.

Трудовые практики неработающих жителей удаленных сел (на примере Хакасии)

In conditions of prolonged unemployment, the sphere of labor and employment in rural areas is trans­forming. The labor market is changing, informal practices are spreading, new forms of employment are emerging, the number of villagers who do not want or are unaccustomed to work is growing, etc. The article aims at identifying labor practices among the unemployed population of remote territories using the example of Khakassia. Geographical remoteness is an additional factor limiting the possibilities of rural population labor behavior. The study was conducted based on a sociological survey of region’s remote areas residents (n = 404). The article compares the groups of villagers who are unemployed for different periods. The socio-demographic composition of these groups, as well as the strategies of their work behavior, differ. The first group of respondents, those who did not work for up to a year, can be considered frictionally unemployed. Most of them are able-bodied people living in large villages with a relatively high level of prosperity and focused on various labor strategies. The second group, people who did not work for several years, is quite diverse in its composition and represents almost all segments of the rural population. The respondents of this group are engaged in personal subsidiary farming, which serves as an alternative to formal employment. The third group consists of women of reproductive age who have never worked. They do not aim at finding work or other forms of self-employment, since their main activities are household management and childcare. Casual earnings (extra money made on the side) and fishing activities are common among the unemployed population, but the income from such activities is low and unstable. In general, the labor practices of the remote territories’ unemployed population depend on various factors, but the personal motivation of the villagers, which determines the strategy of their labor behavior, has the greatest influence.

Успешное обучение языкам в контексте учета межполушарной асимметрии головного мозга у учащихся подросткового возраста

The authors consider the problem of hemispheric asymmetry and its impact on the results of language acquisition. The age and type of nervous system are given as the main criteria determining the degree of manifestation of hemispheric asymmetry. Theoretical data on the importance of the work of the left and right hemispheres from the linguistic point of view are stated, as well as arguments in favor of using exercises aimed at involving both hemispheres in the learning process. The authors rely on theoretical works in order to identify age-related functional changes in the work of the hemispheres, partially correlate these changes with the stages of development of thinking. The results of experiments conducted with two groups of respondents belonging to different categories are analyzed. The first group of respondents are students studying Russian as a foreign language. The second group is English-Russian bilinguals. In order to eliminate errors related to gender and age, the sample was carried out according to the following principle: group 1 - a girl and a boy (18 years old), group 2 - a girl and a boy (17.5 years old). The results of girls and boys are compared separately based on data on the sex differences of the brain. The neuropsychological and linguistic methods used for the ascertaining experiment and the features of their use for testing each group of respondents are described.
 
 The article presents the results of a formative experiment conducted over two months, for which individual exercise systems were developed aimed at forming interhemispheric interaction between bilinguals and foreign students studying Russian.
 
 Based on the comparison of the obtained data, conclusions are drawn, as well as a theoretical justification of the experimental results is given.

Speech behavior of a bilingual in everyday discourse

The article deals with certain aspects of the Tatar-Russian bilingual individual’s speech behavior in everyday discourse. The object of our analysis is the language of everyday communication of the Tatar-Russian bilinguals belonging to the young, middle and older generations inside and outside the family, as well as the specifics of language use in these spheres. We conducted a comparative analysis of the linguistic behavior of the two categories of respondents on the basis of the factual material, collected through questionnaires and the recordings of spontaneous conversational speech fragments. The research was conducted using descriptive, statistical methods and a correlation analysis, which made it possible to establish the correlation between the language situation, competence and social parameters of the respondents. The first group of respondents was humanities students of Tatar nationality, among whom 67.6 % of the respondents came from rural families and 32.4% were from urban families. The second group of respondents were representatives of different age groups of mono-ethnic and mixed families, as well as two representatives of other ethnic groups who have an above-average level of Tatar language proficiency. The analysis showed that in today’s active bilingual society the language of everyday communication is complex and multidimensional in its nature. Its functionality and range depend on the language personality’s place of residence and a communicative situation. In the course of our research, we identified the specifics and reasons for language mixing in Tatar colloquial speech. As the respondents leave their family society, there is a noticeable increase in the number of Russian words and expressions in their speech, which is especially characteristic of the younger generation of bilinguals. As the research has shown, in modern conditions, Tatar-Russian bilingualism is actively developing, penetrating into such a stable sphere as a family society. This phenomenon is also observed in modern families, which implement Tatar-Russian bilingualism and whose members’ first language is their native Tatar language.

Attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 among athletes of Russian national teams in comparison with non-athletes aged 18 to 40

The purpose of this work was to study the attitude of the Russian population to vaccination against COVID-19. Vaccination attitudes in young adults were studied both in the general population and among those who are professionally involved in sports, since attitudes towards health and the initial level of physical resources are important for forming attitudes towards vaccination. A total of 2579 people aged 18 to 40 were examined. Of these, 2233 are from the general population, 346 are high performance athletes.Methods. This was a cohort cross-sectional study. A specially designed questionnaire was used, located on Internet resources 2 months after the start of mass vaccination in Russia.Results. In the group of elite athletes, there are significantly more people who consider vaccination unnecessary or treat it indifferently, and a smaller proportion of those who consider it useful or doubt its effectiveness as compared to the general population of the same age. Low adherence to vaccination may be associated with fear of potential complications. Among elite athletes, there are significantly more people who are seriously afraid of complications from vaccination — 143 (41.3 %), compared to the first group of respondents — 745 (33.4 %) (p < 0.01, φ = 2.839). Probably, these concerns are related to the crucial importance of health and physical condition for professional athletes.Conclusions. It is advisable to develop recommendations for vaccination against COVID-19 for elite athletes, which will describe in detail the benefits of vaccination for athletes, possible side effects, their frequency and impact on the training process.

Characteristics of events in which police responded to overdoses: an examination of incident reports in Rhode Island

BackgroundNarrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known about the actions that police take when responding to overdose events. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and correlates of naloxone administration by police, as well as to examine overdose events where arrests were made and those in which the person who overdosed was described as combative.MethodsWe analyzed incident reports of police responding to an overdose between September 1, 2019, and August 31, 2020 (i.e., 6 months prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic), from a city in Rhode Island. We examined characteristics of incidents, as well as individual characteristics of the person who overdosed. Correlates of police naloxone administration were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher’s exact tests, and we examined incidents where arrests occurred and incidents in which the person who overdosed was described as combative descriptively.ResultsAmong the 211 incidents in which police responded to an overdose during the study period, we found that police administered naloxone in approximately 10% of incidents. In most incidents, police were the last group of first responders to arrive on scene (59%), and most often, naloxone was administered by others (65%). Police were significantly more likely to administer naloxone when they were the first professionals to arrive, when naloxone had not been administered by others, and when the overdose occurred in public or in a vehicle. Arrests at overdose events were rarely reported (1%), and people who overdosed were rarely (1%) documented in incident reports as being ‘combative.’ConclusionsConsidering these findings, ideally, all jurisdictions should have sufficient first responder staffing and resources to ensure a rapid response to overdose events, with police rarely or never dispatched to respond to overdoses. However, until this ideal can be achieved, any available responders should be dispatched concurrently, with police instructed to resume patrol once other professional responders arrive on scene; additionally, warrant searches of persons on scene should be prohibited.

New Trends in the Field of Social Rehabilitation of People with Disabilities

The present article draws on the results of research that explored the role of complex rehabilitation and its individual components; the effectiveness of social rehabilitation in the integration of people into society; feedback from clients on how they evaluate their cooperation with rehabilitation workers in selected facilities; as well as feedback from rehabilitation and social workers on how they evaluate their cooperation with clients. The research took place from May 2020 to March 2022. The first group of respondents comprised 360 clients of rehabilitation centers, social and occupational rehabilitation centers and physiotherapy-rehabilitation departments in Slovakia, specifically Bratislava and Trencin. The second group of respondents consisted of 30 rehabilitation and social workers employed in these facilities. This research employed quantitative and qualitative research strategies. The conducted research also highlighted the importance of the creation of complex theoretical and empirical bases concerning social rehabilitation and its role in the integration of people with disabilities into society. The results of the research have also shown the need to raise professional awareness of the importance of complex rehabilitation and its modern trends and, last but not least, the need to improve the level of professional education in the field of complex rehabilitation and social rehabilitation. The results obtained from the research can be used to develop analyses that will form the basis for additional relevant and helpful research in the field of trends in social rehabilitation and improvement of the possibilities of their application.

Estimating Willingness to Pay for Alpine Pastures: A Discrete Choice Experiment Accounting for Attribute Non-Attendance

Alpine pastures generate important ecosystem services, some closely related to the environment, others to historical and cultural aspects. The economic valuation of these services helps their recognition in public policies, thus encouraging their conservation and improvement. Discrete Choice Experiments are particularly useful in estimating ecosystem services as they allow the evaluation of each individual ecosystem service, allowing for policy modulation. However, preferences and willingness to pay may be influenced by some heuristics that respondents adopt when making their choices. The present study contributes to the Attribute-Non-Attendance (ANA) literature by analyzing the effect of serial ANA on WTP for the improvement of the ecosystem services of an Alpine pasture, the Entrelor pasture located in Val d’Aosta (North-West Italy). The novelty of this study is that we investigated ANA by asking a first group of respondents which attributes were ignored during choices, and a second group which attributes they considered. Our results show that considering ANA matters in DCE. In particular, framing the question positively (which attributes were attended) yields differences in marginal WTPs that are significantly and systematically higher for all the attributes. Conversely, with negative framing, differences in marginal WTP seem to be insignificant and unstable both in terms of magnitude and sign. Moreover, positively framing the ANA question can be more informative, as ANA appears more frequently. These results suggest that respondents probably do not feel judged for not having adopted the expected degree of attention with a positively framed ANA question.

The development of students’ basic competencies in foreign language learning through interactive methods

The aim of the study was to identify and compare the level of students’ basic competences. An objective assessment of the ways of development and trends in the development of basic competencies through interactive methods was carried out. The methods and techniques of acquiring the required basic competencies that have been used effectively in the educational process were developed as part of professional and personal development of future specialists. Methods: analytico-synthetic, testing, survey; method of situational modelling; qualitative and quantitative analysis; empirical statistical and mathematical interpretation; functional analysis of research results. Results. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of a scientific problem, an objective and subjective model for diagnosing the level of formation of basic competencies of students was developed. The importance of the author’s analytical considerations and generalizations on the application of objective diagnostic methods is confirmed. The first group of respondents had a sufficient level of basic competences (364.1 points), which is 73.8%. The intellectual and creative segment showed the highest rate in the structure of competencies — 75.1%. The second group of non-linguistic respondents showed a somewhat similar level of Basic Competences (369.9 points = 75.8%), however, showed a relative weakness of the socio-emotional segment (53.5%). Prospects. Further research can be directed towards identifying and developing research methods for many competencies, taking into account the age characteristics of students.

Проблема виникнення та поширеності галітозу в осіб підліткового та юнацького віку, які палять

Today, halitosis is a common pathology, which ranks third among dental diseases and remains a serious medical and dental problem. Smoking due to its high prevalence and harmful effects on the health of adolescents and young people is a major problem, both in our country and abroad, due to the widespread spread of this harmful habit. The impact on the organs of the oral cavity, the development of pathological conditions, including halitosis, depends on the intensity, duration and type of smoking, as well as on individual morphofunctional features of oral tissues that are genetically determined. It is known that smoking adversely affects the biophysical properties of oral fluid, non3specific protective factors, immune responses, the condition of the oral mucosa, impairs hygiene, etc., which together leads to quantitative and qualitative changes in microbial biofilm and can cause halitosis. Purpose — to study the prevalence of halitosis in adolescents and adolescents who smoke. Materials and methods. Were examined, conducted a questionnaire, which included the presence of bad breath and the causes of its occurrence, determining the state of oral hygiene using the Green Vermilion index, hardware diagnostic test for halitosis with a Tanita halimmeter «Breath Alert» for 114 adolescents and young people aged 15 to 24, who were divided into groups: Group I involved 26 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; to the second group — 22 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Vapi); to group III — 23 people who regularly smoke tobacco heating devices (IQOS); to group IV — 43 people without a bad habit of smoking. Results. Analysis of oral hygiene in the respondents showed that the structure of the OHI-S index showed the worst performance in adolescents and adolescents who smoke traditional cigarettes and looked like this: in the first group of respondents found poor oral hygiene OHI-S was equal to (1.77±0.02) points. The state of hygiene of RP in adolescents and adolescents who smoke alternative cigarettes corresponded to a satisfactory level, which was confirmed by the value of the OHI-S index, respectively, in subjects of group II — (1.53±0.01) and in subjects of group III — (1.46±0.02) points. In the surveyed group IV, the state of hygiene of the RP was also satisfactory, but the index was much lower — (0.87±0.03) points. As for the registration of unpleasant odor, the hardware diagnostic test mainly revealed halitosis in persons of group I, namely in 64% of persons. In the rest of the examined halitosis was detected much less often: in persons of group II — in 12%, in persons of group III — in 8%, in persons of group IV — in 2%. It should be noted that moderate halitosis was detected only in persons of group I — 26%, mild halitosis was registered in 38%. Mild halitosis was reported in the remaining comparison groups. Conclusions. Halitosis is an important and urgent medical and social problem, as it was found in almost half of the surveyed adolescents and young people, and was mainly found in people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes. Most of the subjects have insufficient information about halitosis, factors of its occurrence, diagnosis, elimination. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: adolescents, adolescents, halitosis, oral hygiene, smoking.

Cross-platform Information Operations: Mobilizing Narratives & Building Resilience through both 'Big' & 'Alt' Tech

Despite increasing awareness and research about online strategic information operations, there remain gaps in our understanding, including how information operations leverage the wider information ecosystem and take shape on and across multiple social media platforms. In this paper we use mixed methods, including digital trace ethnography, to look beyond a single social media platform to the broader information ecosystem. We aim to understand how multiple social media platforms are used, in parallel and complementary ways, to achieve the strategic goals of online information operations. We focus on a specific case study: the contested online conversation surrounding Syria Civil Defense (the White Helmets), a group of first responders that assists civilians affected by the civil war within the country. Our findings reveal a network of social media platforms from which content is produced, stored, and integrated into the Twitter conversation. We highlight specific activities that sustain the strategic narratives and attempt to influence the media agenda. And we note that underpinning these efforts is the work of resilience-building: the use of alternative (non-mainstream) platforms to counter perceived threats of 'censorship' by large, established social media platforms. We end by discussing the implications on social media platform policy.

Leadership Development in Students as Part of Attitude Development

Leadership development corresponds to the focus on the individual’s success and competitiveness strategy. This is the optimal direction of the organization of attitude development because it covers two aspects of the student’s personality development: professionally-oriented and self-centric. The aim of the study is to identify and compare the leadership level in second- and fourth-year students to see dynamics of development and implementation of the leadership phenomenon in the professional and personal making up of future specialists. The task was to: (1) diagnose the existing educational impact of the university environment on the formation of leadership competencies; (2) clarify the relationship between the objective level of leadership skills development and assessment of leadership characteristics by students themselves; (3) determining tactics for further support and / or stimulation of personal and professional leadership skills of students; (4) elucidating the relationship between leadership skills and academic performance; (5) determining the universal prerequisites for the formation of leadership qualities of students. Based on the theoretical analysis of the issue, the authors developed an objective and subjective diagnostic model for leadership skills. In this study, data of the objective diagnostic technique are the key. Subjective diagnostic technique for leadership skills provides insights for problem interpretation. At the level of the first group of respondents, the average Leadership Skills Level of the second-year students was quite low and was found within the medium level. The second group of respondents consisting of the fourth-year students showed a slight but effective improvement. The Leadership Skills of this group were found at a sufficient level. Positive dynamics was revealed for all criteria of leadership skills as a result of applying objective diagnostic methods: decreased percentage of students with negative and relatively low markers of Leadership Skills Level and corresponding increase in percentage of students with positive markers of Leadership Skills Level. Further research can be organized in the direction of identifying and developing successful universal and professionally-oriented tactics for leadership development in students as part of attitude development.

An Investigation of Indonesian In-Service Mathematics Teachers’ Perception and Attitude Toward STEAM Education

To face the global challenge, people need to master mathematics comprehensively which one of the ways is to integrate it with other fields such as science, technology, engineering and arts. Therefore, the implementation of STEAM Education approach is considered to be essential for in-service mathematics teachers especially in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and attitudes of Indonesian in-service mathematics teachers towards the application of STEAM-based education in the teaching mathematics. Cross-sectional survey was used in this study engaging 110 respondents along the survey. The result was that STEAM Education is nor well-known by the majority of the respondents. For the perception, those who knew STEAM Education mostly believed that each topic of this approach was connected to each other, otherwise for those who did not know STEAM Education mostly said that each topic was stand alone. As for the attitude of respondents also divided into two, the first group of respondents stated that STEAM Education will be increasingly popular in the future and they will feel happy if teaching mathematics with STEAM Education. Whereas the second group of respondents looked more pessimistically related to projections of future application of STEAM Education that would be less popular, not to mention that they would feel unexcited to teach mathematics with the STEAM Education approach.

Examining Transdiagnostic Factors among Firefighters in Relation to Trauma Exposure, Probable PTSD, and Probable Alcohol Use Disorder

Objective Firefighters represent a distinct group of first responders that are at heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Assessing the role of transdiagnostic factors that underlie PTSD-AUD associations can inform specialized interventions among this population. This study included urban firefighters (N = 657) with probable PTSD-AUD (n = 27), probable PTSD-alone (n = 35), probable AUD-alone (n = 125), and trauma-exposure-only (n = 470). Methods: All firefighters completed a self-report, online questionnaire battery. Between group differences in anxiety sensitivity (AS), distress tolerance (DT), mindfulness, and emotional regulation difficulties (ERD) were assessed. It was hypothesized that firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD would endorse elevated AS and ERD, and reduced DT and mindfulness in comparison to all other diagnostic groups. Relationship status was included as a covariate in all comparisons. Results: Firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD endorsed elevated AS and ERD, and reduced DT and mindfulness in comparison to firefighters with trauma-exposure-only and probable AUD-alone. Firefighters with probable PTSD-AUD and probable PTSD-alone did not significantly differ. Conclusions: Given these findings, this line of inquiry has great potential to inform specialized, evidence-based mental health programming among firefighter populations, who represent a unique population susceptible to trauma-exposure, PTSD symptomology, and problematic alcohol use.

Should children become key stakeholders in designing family-friendly workplaces?

PurposeThe purpose is to determine whether there is a gap between what children and youth expect from their parents' workplaces and the family-friendly business practices that employers apply, as well as whether COVID-19 has accelerated the introduction of these practices or contributed to any paradigm change.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive methodological research was done through electronic surveys with two target groups. The first group of respondents consisted of 1,279 children and youth who expressed their opinion on the impact of the parental workplace on them and what needs to be done to make companies more family oriented. The second survey involved 64 employers, who shared their views on achieving a balance between work and family and provided insight into the pre-pandemic and pandemic family-friendly workplace practices.FindingsAn apparent gap was identified between the family-friendly workplace practices offered by employers and the needs that children have regarding their parents' workplace. Although employers confirm that COVID-19 provides an opportunity to encourage FFW practices, during the outbreak of the virus, they demonstrated responsibility towards employees but neglected their family members.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings cannot be generalised to the entire business sector as the survey is not nationally representative. Also, the surveyed children do not come from the surveyed employers' work collectives, so it was not possible to intersect the findings.Practical implicationsThe research is vital for human resource managers as creators and implementers of family-friendly workplaces, as it indicates the need to involve the important but overlooked stakeholders in this process – the children of employees.Originality/valueThe research gap in the family-friendly workplace paradigm is addressed by comparing the attitudes of children with the employers' practices, before and during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Achievement Test of Education Students in Assessment of Student Learning

The study attempted to determine the level of achievement of the selected education students in Assessment of Student Learning. It was also tested if there existed a significant differences between and among the achievement of the four groups of respondents. The samples of the study were education students enrolled in Assessment of Student Learning. The first group of respondents were the Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) students. The second group were the Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEED) group. The third were the students enrolled in Bachelor in Industrial Education (BSIE) students. A 25-item test which was adopted from assessment books was used check the level of achievement of the respondents. Mean, Standard Deviation, ANOVA, and Sheffe’s Test were used as a statistical tools to treat and analyze the data gathered. The Bachelor in Industrial Education and Bachelor of Elementary Education groups performed very good while the Bachelor of Secondary Education and Bachelor in Library and Information Science groups were at good level. The overall performance of the four groups of respondents were very good. There exist significant differences between and among the means of the achievement of the respondents. Based from the findings of the study, the researcher concluded that the level of achievement of the respondents in Assessment of Student Learning was very good. In addition, there existed significant differences between and among the achievement of the four group of respondents. The study recommends that students enrolled in assessment should be encourage to be outstanding in their performance and a further study using other respondents be conducted to validate the results.

Preliminary evidence for a training improving first responder knowledge and confidence to work with individuals with Autism

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate outcomes associated with a training designed to improve interactions between first responders and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Design/methodology/approach Authors examined the responses of a group of first responders (N = 224) who completed a survey before and after a training to assess their (a) knowledge of ASD, (b) confidence for working with individuals with ASD, (c) comfort responding to a call and (d) ratings of the training they received. Findings Findings indicated first responders demonstrated more knowledge of ASD, increased confidence for working with individuals with ASD and improved comfort when responding to a call. Research limitations/implications This preliminary report serves as initial evidence of the importance of rigorous work examining trainings designed to improve interactions between first responders and individuals with ASD. Practical implications The results of this study justify continued rigorous research on the effectivness of ENACT, as a training designed to improve knowledge and comfort of first responders who work with individuals with ASD. Originality/value This study fills an identified need for research on trainings designed to educate first responders about ASD.

AMANAH'S PHILOSOPHICAL VALUE IN SHARIA BANKING

The philosophical value of the security is a very great value, which comes from Allah SWT, which is given to his creatures, and humans as the bearer of the highest mandatory value to carry out, maintain and implement it, with security between humans there will be a belief and this trust will ultimately cultivate an inner calm or soul. To find out and measure philosophical values of the trust in both conventional and Islamic banking, then in this study will present the results of the study with respondents divided into two groups, the first group is those with a bachelor's degree in general and the second group is those who have S2 degrees and doctoral candidates for Islamic Economics. Quantitative research methods, with frequency distribution and cross-tabulation of selected variables with data analysis using SPSS. Based on the results of the study, the values of security from the highest to the lowest are: In the first group of respondents, the values of security from the highest to the lowest are: (1) Value of Maintaining Trustworthiness, Islamic Banks get a value of 4.42 and a conventional bank of 3.67. (2) The value of responsible Islamic banks is 4.00 and conventional banks are 3.08. (3) The value of maintaining bank secrets, Islamic Banks is 3.92 and conventional banks are 3.83. (4) The trust value of Islamic Banks is 3.58 and conventional banks are 2.42. (5) Honest Value, carrying out the assignment of 2.17 for Conventional Banks and (6) Trust value in delivering messages 3.33 for Conventional Banks at Islamic Banks has the same value of 3.42. In the second group of respondents (1) The value of safeguards of customer secrets, Islamic banks get the highest value of 4.70. whereas Conventional Bank 4.0. (2) The value of guarding the customer's trust, Islamic banks get a value of 4.50 and Conventional Bank 3.60. (3) Value of liability, Islamic banks 4.40 and Conventional Banks 3.90. (4) Value can be trusted, Islamic banks get a value of 4.20, and Conventional Banks 3.40. (5) The value of honesty and ability to perform tasks, Islamic banks get a value of 4.10, while in conventional banks is the lowest value of 1.70.

Eksplicitni i implicitni uticaji na ekonomsko rasuđivanje zdravstvenih stručnjaka posle globalne krize 2008/2009 - izazovi ili ključevi u oporavku zdravstvenih sistema pred nadolazećom globalnom krizom?

Introduction: Due to the global crisis of 2008/2009, health professionals have become aware of the lack of resources in the health system when they were forced to allocate resources themselves during their daily work. However, it remains poorly researched how the global crisis accompanied by cost containment is reflected in the economic reasoning of health professionals. Aim : The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of economic reasoning of health professionals who are subject to implicit influences. Methods: The academic study included a random sample of health professionals in the institutions of the Republic of Serbia, who voluntarily agreed to fill healthcare professionals' economic reasoning questionnaire with nine items (HPER-9) which contains seven dimensions: the negligence of the cost of quality by the administration and financier; the consideration of the market price and healthcare benefit; market orientation considering patient's requests the recognition of inadequate resource allocations by non-medical administrative authority; the attitude about redirecting the profit from state to private healthcare sector; the recognition of the unjustified spending by the healthcare professionals, and the physician / patient relationship. Respondents were divided into two groups according to the time of the survey. The first group of respondents was surveyed before the introduction of restrictive measures in the health system of the Republic of Serbia. The second group of respondents was surveyed after the implementation of restrictive measures due to the economic crisis. Results: Compared to the period before the introduction of economic restrictions, after their introduction, the score of the consideration of the market price and healthcare benefit as well as score of the physician / patient relationship remained unchanged, while scores of other dimensions have deteriorated. Conclusions: The negligence of quality costs of non-medical administrations, unjustified spending by healthcare professionals, the attitude about redirecting the profit from state to private healthcare sector but also the behavior of non-medical administrations, are important dimensions of economic judgment and behavior of health professionals under implicit economic influences.