First Decades Of 19th Century Research Articles

Application of imaging spectroscopy, SEM-EDS and DNA analysis for monitoring the preservation status of a manuscript of the first decade of 19th century

This paper presents an interdisciplinary approach on the preservation status of a manuscript made in the early nineteenth century on paper support. This approach was based on the analysis of the pigments and inks, as well as the damage of the manuscript, which was provoked by biological attack. This analysis was accomplished with the application of innovating techniques such as imaging spectroscopy using high resolution cameras and DNA analysis. The use of new technologies from diverse science can provide useful information on the inks and pigments as well as the type of biological agents found in the manuscript. Furthermore, apart from the knowledge about the inks and pigments, important elements can be retrieved on their preservation status. The aim of this research is the combined use of the detected information on the types of inks and pigments with the biological investigation in order to trace damage caused by biological attack and to investigate the causative agent of this attack. For this reason, imaging techniques, SEM/EDS analysis were applied to the inks and pigments as well as a microbiologic and molecular analysis of the fungi found on the pigments of manuscript.

The East India Company and the pirates of the Persian Gulf from the first punitive expedition to the signing of the General Maritime Treaty

Although almost every sea was dominated by Royal Navy, it couldn’t reach every single place in the world. Trade company’s ships and fully armed merchant ships many times had to take care of themselves. The East India Company had an independent policy that goes beyond the subcontinent. During the first decade of 19th century, the most difficult problem to solve (except the problems of India) was the Persian Gulf, which appeared to be the source of many profits and problems, that wasn’t easy to solve and took a lots of time to conclude.The Treaty of 1820 solved the problems of sea and overland campaigns. The times before signing the agreement and the way, it was created are included in this article.

Exile as Source of Spanish Moderate Political Thinking during the First Half of Nineteenth Century

This article seeks to analyze the moderate political thinking of those exiled during the postrevolutionary stage, as a conservative solution that many new elites of the Spanish liberalism tried to perform within the difficult context Spain was going through by the first decades of 19th century. A new moderate constitutionalism was common in the 30s in this country, and it was considered a necessary step mean the transition towards liberalism was being completed. The main goal herein is to review some previous assumptions and provide new insights on the role that the exile played during the first half of nineteenth century as a source of moderate political thinking in Spain. This will be an effort to understand the influence of the exile in their new identities paying special attention to their lives overseas. It implies a study about how that experience had a bi g impact in the new Spanish political project.

El moderantismo en la etapa postrevolucionaria. Un ejemplo en clave local a comienzos del siglo XIX

The purpose of this article is to analyze the conservatism during the postrevolutionary stage, explained from the specific local case of Ramon Aleson Alonso de Tejada (1781-1846), as the conservative solution that many new elites of liberalism tried to perform along with the complex historical situation Spain was going through by the first decades of 19th century. After some revolutionary attemps from 1812, a new moderate constitutionalism was settle in the 30s. That was considered a necessary step meanwhile all the transition towards liberalism long. It was process which made possible to keep their economic privileges, hold their network of patronage on, and move forward into the national politics and new liberal institutions. Fecha envio / Submission date:22/02/2013 Fecha de aceptacion / Acceptance date: 18/04/2013