Day Of First Visit Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Gynecologists Regarding Oral Health of Expectant Mothers of South Bengaluru, Karnataka.

BackgroundTo evaluate the knowledge perspective and trainings among gynecologists’ considering oral health of pregnant mothers of South Bengaluru city, by questionnaire.Materials and methodsA total of 60 gynecologists are included in the study. Prior to the study, the questionnaire was pretested by Pedodontist. The questionnaire was administered on the first day of visit, and on the next day it was collected back.ResultsThe research unveiled that a greater number of gynecologists had satisfactory knowledge attitude and training concerning oral health of expectant mothers.ConclusionThe predominance of gynecologists has satisfying knowledge perspective as well as practices, but still there is a demand for better effective attendance and involvement of medical specialists like gynecologists and pediatricians in continuing the education programs and forums on dentistry.How to cite this articlePopli HP, Kumar VD, Khatib MS, et al. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among Gynecologists regarding Oral Health of Expectant Mothers of South Bengaluru, Karnataka. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(1):85-89.

Brief counseling by pharmacists enhances the knowledge, perceptions, and compliance of first and second-trimester pregnant women consuming ferrous fumarate at Jetis Community Health Center of Yogyakarta

In Indonesia, the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy increased from 37.1% in 2013 to 48.9% in 2018. It plays a significant part in elevated maternal mortality and perinatal rates. This research aimed to determine the influence of a brief counseling intervention by pharmacists based on the ‘5A’ strategy that had been modified to include the knowledge, perceptions, and compliance of pregnant women with the recommended consumption of ferrous fumarate as anemia treatment and prevention. It is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The data were collected prospectively from December 2018 to February 2019. The sample consisted of 26 respondents, divided into a control group and an intervention group. Each group comprised 13 pregnant women in their first and second trimester (ranging from 12 to 27 weeks). The knowledge, perceptions, and compliance in each group were measured on the first day of visit (Day 1; pretest) and Day 31 (posttest) after the intervention. The results showed a significant difference in average scores between the pretest and posttest in the intervention group (p<0.001 for knowledge, perceptions, and compliance parameters) but an insignificant difference in the control group (p=0.185, p=0.366, and p=0.111, respectively). Score difference or improvement was determined from the relative risk (RR) values of the three parameters (4.55, 4.54, and 10.29, respectively, with p<0.50). As a conclusion, a brief counseling intervention based on the modified ‘5A’ strategy can enhance the knowledge, perceptions, and compliance of first and second-trimester pregnant women at Jetis Community Health Center with the proper consumption of Fe fumarate as an iron supplement.

Same Day Sputum Microscopy for Screening of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: its Accuracy and Usefulness in Comparison with Conventional Method

Sputum microscopy is the primary diagnostic tool for screening pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) suspects in TB prevalent countries. Our study had evaluated the ‘front loading’ or ‘same day’ sputum microscopy feasibility to screen clinically suspected PTB cases, in comparison to standard method of smear microscopy. In this hospital based cross-sectional study, three sputum specimens i.e., two consecutive spot samples collected in one hour interval on the first day of visit and a single sputum sample was collected on the next day early morning from 312 randomly selected adults suspected for PTB. Sputum samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium and stained by auramine O method and examined under LED-fluorescence microscopy. Out of 312 presumptive PTB patients, 43 (13.8%) were smear-positive by front loading method and 46 (14.7%) by standard method respectively. Considering LJ media culture as the gold standard test, the sensitivity was 83.7% and 89.8% respectively for front loading and the standard sputum microscopy and specificity was 99.2% by both methods. The statistical difference was insignificant between two methods of sputum microscopy (p-value > 0.05 by McNemar’s test). In health care settings of high burden countries same day sputum microscopy could be an acceptable method to screen the suspects of pulmonary tuberculosis and complete the diagnosis procedure on the first day of visit, which will decrease patients’ drop-out from the diagnostic procedure and initiate treatments as soon as possible.

Front loading sputum microscopy – an alternative approach for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis

IntroductionUntil newer, rapid, economical tools are introduced for diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in resource limited settings, optimization of sputum smear examination for increasing case detection remains of utmost priority. The aim of the study was to detect presumptive TB patients using Front Loading sputum microscopy and compare it with Standard method. MethodsThree sputum specimens (Spot 1- on spot at the time of first visit, Spot 2- one hour after Spot 1 and early morning-next day early morning sample) from 552TB suspect cases were collected. Zeihl Neelsen staining (spot 1, spot 2 and early morning respectively) and microscopy by Front Loading (spot 1, spot 2) and Standard method (spot 1, early morning) of sputum microscopy were done. ResultsCulture on LJ media being the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the Front Loading and the Standard method of sputum microscopy were 68.65%, 94.43% and 70.14%, 93.6% respectively. The difference between two methods was not statistically significant. 91.1% patients gave preference for same day sampling process. ConclusionThe sensitivity and specificity of sputum microscopy using an early morning sample followed by another sputum one hour later from the same day appears not to be inferior to using two early morning samples on subsequent days. The Front Loading sputum microscopy can be implemented in DOTS clinic on the day of first visit of patients to health care center to increase compliance of patients with diagnostic procedure and decrease drop-outs.

A Case of Malignant Glaucoma in a Vitrectomized Eye

Purpose: To report a case of malignant glaucoma in an eye vitrectomized 5 years previously due to endophthalmitis. Case summary: A 55-year-old male visited clinic due to a painful right eye 2 days in duration. Five years ago, he suffered endophthalmitis in his right eye and underwent pars plana vitrectomy. On slit-lamp examination, shallow anterior chamber depth of 2 central corneal thickness and corneal edema were observed along with remnant cortical lens material behind the intraocular lens. Intraocular pressure was 68 mm Hg measured using applanation tonometry. Maximal medical treatment failed to lower the intraocular pressure on the first day of visit. The very next day, anterior chamber became shallower less than 0.5 central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure was 70 mm Hg. Posterior capsular syndrome was suspected on anterior optical coherence tomography and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy was performed, however, normal anterior chamber could not be restored. Despite continuous medical therapy for 3 weeks, the patient’s symptoms worsened and intraocular pressure increased over 99 mm Hg and therefore, the Ahmed glaucoma valve was implanted. One day after the operation, intraocular pressure decreased to 10 mm Hg and anterior chamber depth became deeper with the depth of over 5 central corneal thickness. At the final visit 4 months postoperatively, intraocular pressure and normal anatomy of the anterior segment were well maintained. Conclusions: Malignant glaucoma syndrome can occur even in vitrectomized eyes and capsular block syndrome can initiate this. Malignant glaucoma syndrome in a vitrectomized eye resistant to maximal medical treatment can be treated with Ahmed valve implantation. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015;56(4):638-642

Effect of Losartan and Amlodipine on Heart Rate Variability In Essential Hypertensive Patients

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i2.18653 Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, December; 8(2): 42-50

Knowledge , Attitude and Practices among Gynecologists regarding Oral Health of Expectant Mothers of Vadodara City , Gujarat

To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among Gynecologists' regarding oral health of expectant mothers of Vadodara city, by using self designed, structured, pre-tested close ended questionnaire. Total of 130 gynaecologists are included in the study. Ethical approval was obtained by the Ethics committee, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara. Prior to study, questionnaire was pre-tested and validated. Those individuals who participated in the pilot study were not considered for the main study to prevent possible bias. The informed consent was obtained and information sheet was given. The questionnaire was administered on first day of visit and on the next day it was collected back. For statistical analysis SPSS package version 17 and Pearson's Chi Square test was used. The study revealed that majority of gynecologists had good knowledge, attitude and practices regarding oral health of expectant mothers and there is no significant difference in relation with age, sex and years in practice. Majority of gynecologists had good knowledge, attitude and practices but still there is a need for more active participation and involvement of medical specialists like gynecologists and pediatricians, in continuing education programs and forums on dentistry.

Pre-operative Weight Loss Does Not Predict Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the amount of weight lost on a mandatory 2-week pre-operative very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) would predict the longer-term outcomes of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). All patients treated with a primary LAGB from 21 October 2008 until 30 June 2010, who were prescribed a 2-week pre-operative VLCD, have been included in the study. Patient age, weight, BMI and excess weight (defined as weight above a BMI of 25) were extracted on the day of first visit, day of surgery and at the post-operative visits at 3, 12 and 24months. From these data, percent excess weight loss (EWL) was calculated and compared at all time points. The weight loss achieved on a mandatory 2-week pre-operative diet did not predict weight outcomes at 2years (r = -0.008; p = 0.931). Using multivariate analysis, the best predictor of 24-month percent EWL was percent EWL at 3months post operation (sr(2) = 0.34; p = 0.003). Results from a pre-operative diet should not be used to predict the ultimate outcome of bariatric surgery. The weight loss at 3months following LAGB was a strong predictor of longer-term outcomes. There may be potential for improving longer-term results with LAGB by better supporting patients who are not achieving good weight loss at this early time point.

Early Non-Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Eosinophlic Myopericarditis by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

We report a case of early non-invasive diagnosis of acute eosinophilic myopericarditis (AEM) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) before cardiac biopsy. A 35-yr-old woman presented with a flu-like illness, followed by pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed mild left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction with borderline LV wall thickness and moderate pericardial effusion. The patient had peripheral eosinophilia and CMR was performed immediately at first day of visit before cardiac biopsy. CMR showed diffuse subepicardial high T2 signals and diffuse late gadolinium enhancement in LV. Steroid therapy was immediately initiated and patient's symptom was rapidly improved. Endomyocardial biopsy at hospital day 3 reported multifocal mild infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes. The patient was finally confirmed as acute eosinophilic myopericarditis. This presentation emphasizes on the role of CMR which enables early non-invasive diagnosis of AEM and visualize the extent of the myocarditis.

Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Ulcerative Proctitis in Community-Based Practice

Purpose: Treatment of ulcerative proctitis (UP) is aimed at controlling inflammation and reducing symptoms. While orally administered 5-aminosalicylates (“5-ASAs”) traditionally have been the mainstay of acute and maintenance therapy for UP, 5-ASA suppositories or enemas are generally considered to be first-line therapy, due to evidence that they are more effective at inducing and maintaining remission. Little is known, however, about how UP is typically treated in community-based practice. Methods: Using a large US healthcare claims database, we identified all persons with evidence of newly diagnosed UP (ICD-9-CM 556.2, 556.3) between 1/1/2005 and 12/31/2007, based on: (1) ≥2 encounters for UP ≤90 days apart; (2) evidence of sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy within 60 days of first visit for UP (“index date”); and (3) no evidence of receipt of any medication used to treat UP (eg, 5-ASA, glucocorticoid, etc.) in the year preceding index date. All patients were followed for 365 days from their index date. We examined pharmacotherapy for UP over post-index periods of 30 days and 365 days alternatively. Results: We identified a total of 518 patients with newly diagnosed UP. Mean (SD) age was 48 (16) years, and there were equal numbers of men and women. Forty-five percent of patients were seen by a gastroenterologist at initial visit. In the 30-day post-index period, 37% of patients had evidence of receipt of mesalamine suppository; 23%, an oral 5-ASA; 12%, mesalamine enema; 12%, rectal hydrocortisone; and 6%, oral prednisone. Antidiarrheals, antimetabolites, and TNF inhibitors were rarely used. Over the entire 365-day post-index period, the number of patients ever-prescribed 5-ASA suppositories increased to 45%; oral 5-ASAs, 38%; 5-ASA enemas, 18%; and systemic glucocorticoids, 20%. Combination and sequential treatment was frequent. Over 365 days, 24% of patients had evidence of receipt of both oral and rectal 5-ASAs; 11%, rectal 5-ASAs and rectal steroids; 2%, rectal 5-ASAs and budesonide; and 11%, rectal 5-ASAs and systemic steroids. Conclusion: While local therapy is commonly prescribed in patients with newly diagnosed UP, approximately one in four patients receive an oral 5-ASA preparation. In the year following diagnosis, one in five patients receive systemic steroids—a marker of failure of conservative therapy and/or disease progression. Our findings suggest that treatment of newly diagnosed UP by community-based physicians largely conforms to guidelines and recommendations. Support: This research was funded by Axcan Pharma Inc., which manufactures and markets a 5-ASA suppository (Canasa®). Disclosure: This research was funded by Axcan Pharma Inc., which manufactures and markets a 5-ASA suppository (Canasa®).

Grandmultiparity: Mothers' Own Reasons For The Index Pregnancy

Context: Despite widespread availability of modern contraception, grandmultiparous women still constitute a significant proportion of our obstetric population. Although the socio-economic characteristics of these patients are well known, we need to know why they decide to get pregnant again despite the dangers involved. Such knowledge may help us find a lasting solution to this problem. Objective: This study aims at finding out from grandmultiparous women their reasons for the index pregnancy. Design: Cross-sectional study Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, State Specialist Hospital Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Subjects: All grandmultiparous women that booked between January 1999 and September 1999. Methods: The mothers were asked to fill a questionnaire on the first day of visit. Items of information requested include the reasons for the current pregnancy, knowledge of family planning and demographic characteristics. Main Outcome Measure: Mother's reason for the current pregnancy. Results: Among the women, 94:1% were aware of family planning with a usage rate of 7.8 percent. The reasons given for the current pregnancy were: desire for large family (25.9%); loss of previous children (24.1%), mistake (16.7%); desire for male child (14.8%); desire to have a child for a new husband (11.1%) and failed contraception (7.4%). Conclusion: The major reasons grandmultipara conceive again are desire for large families and loss of previous offspring. To reduce the incidence of grandmultiparity in our society efforts must be geared towards raising the social status of our women through universal formal education and reducing the currently high childhood mortality. (Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2001, 18(1): 31-33)