First Computer Research Articles

Universal Beauty: Analysis of L’Oreal Paris Advertising by Semiotic Charles Sanders Peirce

This study aims to analyze the universal message conveyed through the emphasized symbols in the advertisement of L'Oreal Paris Infallible Foundation targeting multicultural audiences. In the era of globalization, global beauty brands such as L'Oreal Paris play a significant role in generating product innovations advertised extensively, including through digital platforms. The Charles Sanders Peirce semiotic analysis method is employed to identify signs and symbols in the advertisement and to analyze the universal meanings and messages conveyed. The findings reveal that the advertisement of L'Oreal Paris Infallible Foundation, showcased on the Official YouTube L'Oreal Paris Indonesia, successfully delivers its universal message by embracing diversity through the representation of models with diverse backgrounds. In this context, diversity is not only seen in the variability of skin tones but also in different cultures, races, and ethnicities. L'Oreal Paris effectively conveys the message that beauty is not confined to specific standards; rather, it is perceived as something broad, inclusive, and represented by various shapes and colors. Furthermore, the slogan "you're worth it" implicitly rejects narrow beauty stereotypes and norms, reinforcing the idea that every individual possesses unique and valuable beauty without having to conform to narrow standards. Thus, this advertisement not only promotes beauty products but also conveys a strong message of self-acceptance and appreciation for diversity in beauty perception. The universal message in this advertisement creates a positive and inclusive relationship with multicultural communities. This underscores the importance of understanding and acknowledging cultural diversity and values held by various societal groups in an increasingly interconnected era of globalization. Hence, L'Oreal Paris is deemed successful in promoting its products with an inclusive and culturally relevant approach, making it a good example of expanding market reach positively and effectively

Digital Literacy 5.0 to Enhance Multicultural Education

In Digital Literacy 5.0, the intersectionality of digital competence across various domains marks a paradigm shift from traditional siloed approaches to a more integrated and holistic framework. This article explores the pervasive influence of digital literacy across diverse fields including health, medicine, nutrition, medical tourism, economy, biomedical sciences, bioinformatics, telemedicine, telehealth, artificial intelligence (AI), and vascular surgery. Emphasizing the necessity of digital literacy not just as a skill for tool utilization but as a cornerstone for understanding and leveraging the potential of digital technologies, this comprehensive exploration underscores the critical role of digital competence in enhancing patient outcomes, driving economic growth, spurring innovation, and revolutionizing healthcare and surgical practices. Through a multidisciplinary lens, the article elucidates the indispensability of digital literacy in a technologically interconnected era, highlighting its implications for policy, educational paradigms, and future technological advancements.

Trevor Pearcey and the Development of CSIRAC—An Australian First-Generation Computer

Trevor Pearcey and the Development of CSIRAC—An Australian First-Generation Computer

Enhancing Library Services through Digital Cataloging Techniques

In an era of rapid digital transformation, libraries are reimagining their role as information hubs, driven by the adoption of digital cataloging techniques. This paper delves into the profound impact of these techniques on library services, presenting an empirical study that unveils the multifaceted benefits they bring to the modern library ecosystem. Digital cataloging techniques, encompassing metadata standards, linked data, automated cataloging tools, and user-generated content, have become instrumental in optimizing resource management. This research paper offers a comprehensive exploration, substantiated by surveys, interviews, and data analysis, of how these techniques enhance library services.Key findings underscore the pivotal role of these techniques in library service improvement. They enable enhanced resource discoverability, fostering seamless exploration of library collections. Automation streamlines cataloging processes, resulting in efficiency gains and liberating valuable staff resources. User-generated content initiatives invigorate patron engagement, enriching resource descriptions and creating vibrant user communities. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of resource accessibility and collaborative opportunities through the adoption of interoperable cataloging practices. These digital techniques transcend traditional cataloging, propelling libraries into a dynamic, interconnected era where user-centricity and resource optimization are paramount. This research underscores the critical significance of digital cataloging techniques in the evolution of library services. These techniques empower libraries to meet the ever-evolving needs of their user communities in an increasingly digital world, redefining their role as indispensable knowledge hubs

Halal Haram Cryptocurrency

The invention of the computer which was originally a calculating machine (Difference Engine no. 1) which was discovered by Charles Babbage (1791-1871) is something very famous in the history of computer development and is the first automatic calculator. With the very rapid development of the digital world, in 1983 an American cryptography expert David Chaum used cryptographic electronic money called e-cash, and in 1995, he implemented it through Digichash, which became the initial form of collaboration between the digital world of computers and Money, which is a cryptographic electronic payment instrument that requires user software to pull notes from the bank and designate a specific encrypted key before it can be sent to the recipient. And in 1996, the NSA, namely the United States National Security Agency, which was founded by President Harry S. Truman on November 4, 1952, had the task and function of collecting and analyzing communications from other countries, as well as protecting information belonging to the United States. The agency published a paper entitled How to Make a Mint: The Cryptography of Anonymous Electronic Cash, describing the Crypto currency system that first published it on the MIT mailing list, later in 1997, in the journal The American Law Review (Vol. 46, Issue 4). It was these researches that eventually led the developers to start developing what is known today as blockchain which is basically a distributed open ledger to record transactions between two parties efficiently and in a verifiable and permanent way. The discovery of Bit coin in 2009 which was declared as electronic money was developed by an institution or individual who has the initials Satoshi Nakamoto, the technology used is using a peer to peer network without centralized storage so that verification can be done anywhere in the world anywhere that dedicates a computer, to do this or it is called mining. Since 2009 other coins and tokens have started to appear, as we can see on CoinMarketcap which has more than 6000 coins and tokens. The utilization and use of this technology is still being debated from the point of view of Muslims in Indonesia, as stated by Yenny Wahid in the activities carried out by the Islamic Law Firm (ILF), this is due to the uncertainty of the asset value which can change at any time.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Hybrid Grey Wolf: Bald Eagle search optimized support vector regression for traffic flow forecasting

In this digital interconnected era, Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) bridges the gap between communication and transportation engineering in a smarter way, thereby facilitating the trespassers and travellers with forecasting of traffic and broadcasting of traffic incidents, and infotainment data. Automatic prediction of congestion and traffic flow at one point is a challenging task. Although many machine learning algorithms exist for prediction, the selection of appropriate parameters of algorithms had a great impact on the accuracy of prediction. Hybrid combination of Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) with new emerging Bald Eagle Search (BES) Optimization algorithm has been proposed to optimize the parameters of Support Vector regression to predict the traffic flow. This hybrid SVR-GWO-BES, has been applied to real-time traffic data of the open-source Performance Measurement system dataset and Indian road traffic, which has been proven to be better than existing methodologies.

"Brain-mimicking Machine" in Digital Utopias: From Memex to Hypertext and Beyond

Computer-brain analogies are ubiquitous in contemporary culture. They also have a long and relevant history. Throughout the history of computer development, computers as “brain-mimicking machines” were used as blueprints for computer design, as inspiration for new visionary ideas, as tools of liberation and as ideological construct obscuring actually existing power relations. Today, with the growing disenchantment with the results of digital transformation, we are forced to admit that these analogies often underpin relationships between human and technology that are disempowering and increasingly problematic.
 Keywords: human-machine symbiosis, augmented reality, memex, hypertext, ideology, Web 2.0, platform capitalism

Computing applications enriched by scientific phenomena

The merge of mathematics, electrical engineering, and electronics has successfully contributed to the development of computing devices and numerous practical applications. The objective of this pap...

MODERN STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

<jats:p>Architecture of high-rise buildings depends on many factors, which greatly vary frominitial concepts, functionality of designed spaces, its proportions to human perception andurban context, and structural support and technological capabilities to support desiredconcept. Thus, in any analysis of the factors that architecture depends on is its structuralsupport, which has to fulfill four primary structural requirements: static equilibrium,stability, strength and rigidity of the structure. A turnover for fast development inconstruction of high-rises occurred in the second half of the 20th century; strong economyforced and supported technological developments, and even the new generation ofcomputers and software helped in the development of more efficient structural systems.Innovative structural systems such as tubular forms, outriggers, diagrids andmegastructures enabled design and construction of high–rise structures as common thingand inevitable part of new living style.</jats:p>

IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Intelligent Sensing On Mobile and Social Media Analytics

The proliferation of mobile devices has led to an increasingly interconnected era, and a recent trend is the migration of multimedia search and analysis from the desktop to the cloud. This is, perhaps, partly due to the ease of capturing images and videos on a mobile device and associating them with social and contextual metadata such as comments and GPS tags. Such a hybrid data structure can benefit a wide variety of potential (mobile) multimedia applications, such as location recognition, landmark search, augmented reality, and commercial recommendations. One intrinsic potential solution is to explore large-scale social multimedia to assist and facilitate location related applications on the go and in real-time. With the combination of social and mobile cues, several problems that are previously difficult to be tackled in multimedia content analysis have also become more tractable. Current research in Intelligent Sensing is addressing the following:

Mindfulness and the ethics of intercultural knowledge-work

ABSTRACTMindfulness, or 念 (niàn) in Chinese, is a concept and set of related practices which have both ancient Eastern roots and current popularity (especially in the West). It provides a fascinating example of intercultural knowledge-work involving a complex set of conceptual migrations through time and space, across languages and cultures, and within domains and disciplines. We first review the vitality of the concept as used in Western disciplines (chiefly intercultural communication and psychotherapy), noting how the Eastern origins are mentioned but not fully discussed. We then review the ancient origins in Eastern religious and philosophical thinking concluding with an account of the development of the term in the East until recent times. As we discuss next, when these differing arenas of use and development interact, understandings become contested and issues of privilege vis-á-vis knowledge sources can be seen. These complexities raise questions about authenticity versus translation with regard to the differing uses made of the concept in the different arenas. Learning from the reviews of the differing understandings of this concept and the sometimes fraught interactions between them, we propose that scholars and practitioners working in our highly interconnected era, adopt an intercultural ethic to regulate and guide such knowledge-work.

Maturity and Performance of Programmable Secure Computation

Secure computation allows collaborative computations with enforced privacy. Continued research and increasingly larger real-world deployments suggest that anyone looking for privacy-preserving computing technology should keep an eye on secure computation's development.

Julian Scholars: Broadening Participation of Low-Income, First-Generation Computer Science Majors

Using funding from the National Science Foundation, DePauw University launched a program for low-income, first-generation scholars in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields called Julian Scholars. All but one of the undergraduate students in the program began college expressing interest in medical careers, yet over half of the STEM graduates now pursue computer science graduate degrees or computing careers, which is an important statistic because little research about recruiting and retaining underrepresented low-income, first-generation computing students exists. Cornerstones of the program include a week-long summer research experience bridging high school and college, common classes for each cohort, mentoring, one-on-one resume and internship/research counseling, and scholarships. Rockman et al surveyed the Julian Scholars about the bridge program and additional program components to provide quantitative data and also held focus groups to collect qualitative data to augment graduation rates and postgraduation career information.

Social Computing: An AI Perspective

How has social computing diversified the AI community? What influence will AI have over social computing's development? And how will social intelligence emerge?

De los detalles al todo: historia cultural y biografías globales

This article discusses some of the new directions taken by cultural history nowadays, with particular focus on the works by scholars using a global perspective. It argues that this choice of a global perspective raises several problems, especially the apparent contradictions between the traditional micro-approaches, typical of cultural history, and the macro ones often used in economic or political analyses. The question is how to deal with individuals from a global perspective. Based on reflections by Peter Burke and Natalie Zemon Davis, among others, the essay shows that this concern is an important issue today, in an increasingly interconnected era, and that it responds to our cultural and intellectual needs, enriching and relativizing our perspectives. Moreover, the text also considers that global history is an emerging field that can be practiced in several ways that include micro- perspectives, as in the so called global biographies or the global microhistory. In fact, these studies present examples of intense cultural encounters in the past, focusing on the different types of individual intermediaries that made it possible, experimenting with stories of individual lives in global contexts, connecting communities and the outside world, juxtaposing micro and macro perspectives. In other words, the life of a single individual may serve to understand the connections across cultures and groups from the perspective of the actors involved.

Contribution of technological progress, inter-operator difference and experience of operators in Gamma Knife radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformation

Outcomes of microsurgical resection for cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) largely depend on the skill and experience of the operator, but it is still unknown whether such individual differences similarly exists in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for AVM. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the inter-operator difference and technological progress in SRS for AVM. During the past 20 years, 514 patients with AVM were treated by SRS by four neurosurgeons. Until 1992, angiography was solely used for dose planning, and computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was jointly used thereafter. In the early years, dose planning was calculated with the first-generation computer system, KULA, and manually superimposed on the radiographical images. After 1998, treatment planning was made on the computer monitor with sophisticated dose-planning software, GammaPlan. The influence of inter-operator difference, the operator's experience, and radiographical or radiosurgical technologies on the rates of obliteration and morbidity was assessed by multivariate analyses. The factors associated with higher obliteration rates were higher margin dose (p = 0.003) and the presence of hemorrhagic event before SRS (p = 0.002). There was no significant difference in either obliteration rate or morbidity among the five operators. However, after introduction of CT and MRI on dose planning, the risk of adverse events was significantly decreased. Especially for AVM larger than 3 cm in maximum diameter, each operator's experience (p = 0.040) and use of GammaPlan (p = 0.015) reduced morbidity. Inter-operator difference was not a significant factor associated with the rates of obliteration and the risk of adverse events after SRS for AVM in the multivariate analyses. Progress of the sophisticated planning software and the experience of the operator were associated with lower morbidity for larger lesions.

The Manchester Computer: A Revised History Part 1: The Memory

The Manchester Baby, built by F.C. Williams and Tom Kilburn and operational in June 1948, was the first stored-program electronic computer. The Williams-Kilburn tube memory, pioneered in the Baby, was subsequently adopted in many first-generation computers, including the Princeton IAS machine and the IBM 701. Part 1 of this article provides an overview of the Manchester project and its personnel and documents the origins of the Williams-Kilburn tube.

Systemic pathologies of confrontation: diagnosing security disruption

The world post-9/11 is characterised by uncertainty, fear and suspicion. Psychological confrontations amplified by the mass media have even come to dominate physical engagements between warring parties. Drama theory provides a powerful framework for understanding these interactions in much the way that game theory was able to support strategy making by autonomous players in a less inter-connected era. A model of the ‘normal’ process leading to dramatic resolution is an essential feature of the drama theory approach and is described here. However this process can be derailed or fail in many ways. This paper reviews many of these systemic pathologies and illustrates some of them through consideration of three high-profile cases. The conclusion is that it is important to recognise and possibly to use pathological behavior as an element of a character’s interaction strategy.

Update: Tata hopes its supercomputer is a money machine

When Eka, the 117.9-teraflop supercomputer built by the Computational Research Laboratories (CRL) in Pune, India, was named the fourth most powerful machine in the world last November, the global computing community and even the computer's developers were surprised. Though a new top 10 list, due out this month, may see Eka demoted, CRL has already proved that top rankings in this field, typically the domain of national laboratories in the richest countries, cannot be taken for granted. Next month, the company should see its larger goals achieved as well: turning the US $30 million Eka into a revenue-generating supercomputer for hire and its team into a supercomputer services consultancy. Eka is the only privately funded supercomputer in the top 10, and it is the only one built specifically to make money.

The Rationale for Tilt-Adjusted Acetabular Cup Navigation

When performing total hip arthroplasty without computer navigation, surgeons align the acetabular component with landmarks such as the plane of the operating table and the presumed position of the pelvis. In contrast, first-generation computer navigation systems rely on the pelvic anterior plane, defined by the anterior superior iliac spines and the pubic tubercle. We sought to study the effect of patient positioning on the tilt of the pelvis as measured in the pelvic anterior plane and its effect on cup alignment angle values. In forty patients, the supine pelvic anterior plane tilt angle was measured with use of computed tomographic scans made before and after total hip arthroplasty (Group A). In thirty other patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, preoperative supine pelvic anterior plane tilt angle was measured with a computed tomographic scan and the preoperative standing pelvic anterior plane tilt angle was measured on a lateral radiograph (Group B). From these data, we used hip navigation planning software to develop a nomogram providing tilt-adjusted cup angles that would align the cup in a target range of 40 degrees +/- 10 degrees of abduction and 15 degrees +/- 10 degrees of anteversion. A third group of ninety-eight patients (Group C) then underwent total hip arthroplasty with computer navigation with use of our nomogram to provide tilt-adjusted values for cup alignment. Postoperative computed tomography scans were made to evaluate cup alignment, and the patients were followed for at least one year. In Group A, the mean preoperative supine pelvic tilt angle (and standard deviation) was -8.9 degrees +/- 6.8 degrees (forward rotation of the pelvis) and the mean postoperative angle was -10.9 degrees +/- 7.6 degrees (p < 0.05). In Group B, the mean preoperative supine pelvic tilt angle was -10.4 degrees +/- 7.4 degrees and the mean preoperative standing pelvic tilt angle was -5.0 degrees +/- 9.4 degrees (p < 0.001). In the group of ninety-eight patients who underwent navigated total hip arthroplasty (Group C), there were no dislocations at one year of follow-up. Seventy-two patients underwent postoperative computed tomography scans; 99% of cup anteversion values and 97% of cup abduction values were in the target range. For navigation systems that rely on the pelvic anterior plane, cup alignment values can be converted to familiar target values with our nomogram with good accuracy and reproducibility. The next generation of navigation systems should be able to measure the pelvic tilt for each individual patient and automatically adjust alignment values.